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Determination of ribose and phosphorus contents in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide by a quantitative NMR method using a single internal standard. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:633-640. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Pietri GP, Tontini M, Brogioni B, Oldrini D, Robakiewicz S, Henriques P, Calloni I, Abramova V, Santini L, Malić S, Miklić K, Lisnic B, Bertuzzi S, Unione L, Balducci E, de Ruyck J, Romano MR, Jimenez-Barbero J, Bouckaert J, Jonjic S, Rovis TL, Adamo R. Elucidating the Structural and Minimal Protective Epitope of the Serogroup X Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:745360. [PMID: 34722634 PMCID: PMC8551719 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.745360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable progress toward the eradication of meningococcal disease with the introduction of glycoconjugate vaccines, previously unremarkable serogroup X has emerged in recent years, recording several outbreaks throughout the African continent. Different serogroup X polysaccharide-based vaccines have been tested in preclinical trials, establishing the principles for further improvement. To elucidate the antigenic determinants of the MenX capsular polysaccharide, we generated a monoclonal antibody, and its bactericidal nature was confirmed using the rabbit serum bactericidal assay. The antibody was tested by the inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance against a set of oligosaccharide fragments of different lengths. The epitope was shown to be contained within five to six α-(1–4) phosphodiester mannosamine repeating units. The molecular interactions between the protective monoclonal antibody and the MenX capsular polysaccharide fragment were further detailed at the atomic level by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR results were used for validation of the in silico docking analysis between the X-ray crystal structure of the antibody (Fab fragment) and the modeled hexamer oligosaccharide. The antibody recognizes the MenX fragment by binding all six repeating units of the oligosaccharide via hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions. In vivo studies demonstrated that conjugates containing five to six repeating units can produce high functional antibody levels. These results provide an insight into the molecular basis of MenX vaccine-induced protection and highlight the requirements for the epitope-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Pietro Pietri
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Robakiewicz
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | | | - Ilaria Calloni
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab CIC BioGUNE Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Vera Abramova
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Suzana Malić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karmela Miklić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab CIC BioGUNE Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Luca Unione
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab CIC BioGUNE Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Jérôme de Ruyck
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | | | - Jesus Jimenez-Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab CIC BioGUNE Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country, Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tihana Lenac Rovis
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Sun S, Jin M, Zhou X, Ni J, Jin X, Liu H, Wang Y. The Application of Quantitative ¹H-NMR for the Determination of Orlistat in Tablets. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091517. [PMID: 28891958 PMCID: PMC6151513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method to measure the content of Orlistat in tablets was studied and found to be efficient, accurate, reliable, and simple. In this paper, phloroglucinolanhydrous and dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) served as the internal standard and solvent, respectively. The qNMR methodology, including the linearity, range, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), stability, precision, and accuracy, was validated seriatim, and the results were very favorable. The content determination results of three batches of Orlistat in tablets were almost identical upon comparing the qNMR method and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The recommended method authentically compensated the deficiencies of the current HPLC method for determining Orlistat content, and proved to be a method complementary to traditional analysis for the purity measurement of Orlistat in some pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mengxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jinghua Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiangju Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hongyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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4
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Yang Q, Qiu H, Guo W, Wang D, Zhou X, Xue D, Zhang J, Wu S, Wang Y. Quantitative 1H-NMR Method for the Determination of Tadalafil in Bulk Drugs and its Tablets. Molecules 2015; 20:12114-24. [PMID: 26147583 PMCID: PMC6332277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, accurate, and selective quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance method for the determination of tadalafil in bulk drugs and its tablets was established and evaluated. Spectra were obtained in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 using 2,4-dinitrotoluene as the internal standard. In this study, the method’s linearity, range, limit of quantification, stability, precision, and accuracy were validated. The results were consistent with those obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Thus, the proposed method is a useful and practical tool for the determination of tadalafil in bulk drugs and its tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hui Qiu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xingning Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dan Xue
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Colledge, Beijing 100050, China.
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Abstract
Physicochemical techniques are a powerful tool for the structural characterization of carbohydrate-based vaccines. High-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been established as an extremely useful and robust method for tracking the industrial manufacturing process of these vaccines from polysaccharide bulk antigen through to the final formulation. Here, we describe the use of proton NMR for structural identity and conformity testing of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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He Y, Ye M, Jing L, Du Z, Surhio MM, Xu H, Li J. Preparation, characterization and bioactivities of derivatives of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:788-796. [PMID: 25498701 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide, obtained previously LEP-2b from Lachnum YM405, was phosphated and sulfated successfully. The derivatives named PLEP-2b and SLEP-2b, respectively, and their respective degree of substitution were 0.174 and 0.431. Phosphate groups -PO3H2 substituted at C-6 of 1,4-β-D-mannopyranose, C-5 of 2,6-β-d-1-OMe-mannofuranoside, C-3 of 1,6-β-D-galactopyranose, C-2 of 1-β-D-glucopyranose, and C-6 of 1,2-α-D-rhampyranose, while sulfate groups SO3H were mainly at C-6 of 1,4-β-D-Manp, C-6 of 1-β-D-Glcp and C-6 of 1,2-α-D-Rhap. Compared with LEP-2b, the scavenging effects of the derivatives, on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion were significantly increased after the modifications, except for reducing power. Meanwhile, phosphorylated and sulfated modifications remarkably strengthened the inhibiting effect of LEP-2b on the proliferation of CT-26 murine colon carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The derivatives significantly enhanced the antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro. Compared with sulfation, phosphorylation improved the inhibitory effect more contraposingly on some specific tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong He
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Lianyan Jing
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Zhanzhan Du
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Maheen Mahwish Surhio
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- College of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
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Chilukuri SR, Reddy P, Avalaskar N, Mallya A, Pisal S, Dhere RM. Process development and immunogenicity studies on a serogroup ‘X’ Meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Biologicals 2014; 42:160-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Giraudeau P, Tea I, Remaud GS, Akoka S. Reference and normalization methods: Essential tools for the intercomparison of NMR spectra. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 93:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wu Y, He Y, He W, Zhang Y, Lu J, Dai Z, Ma S, Lin R. Application of quantitative 1H NMR for the calibration of protoberberine alkaloid reference standards. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 90:92-7. [PMID: 24333707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) has been developed into an important tool in the drug analysis, biomacromolecule detection, and metabolism study. Compared with mass balance method, qNMR method bears some advantages in the calibration of reference standard (RS): it determines the absolute amount of a sample; other chemical compound and its certified reference material (CRM) can be used as internal standard (IS) to obtain the purity of the sample. Protoberberine alkaloids have many biological activities and have been used as reference standards for the control of many herbal drugs. In present study, the qNMR methods were developed for the calibration of berberine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, tetrahydropalmatine, and phellodendrine hydrochloride with potassium hydrogen phthalate as IS. Method validation was carried out according to the guidelines for the method validation of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results of qNMR were compared with those of mass balance method and the differences between the results of two methods were acceptable based on the analysis of estimated measurement uncertainties. Therefore, qNMR is an effective and reliable analysis method for the calibration of RS and can be used as a good complementarity to the mass balance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wenyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing 100050, China
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Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19077-82. [PMID: 24191022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314476110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in the African meningitis belt, and has a high associated mortality. The meningococcal serogroups A, W, and X have been responsible for epidemics and almost all cases of meningococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt over the past 12 y. Currently no vaccine is available against meningococcal X (MenX). Because the development of a new vaccine through to licensure takes many years, this leaves Africa vulnerable to new epidemics of MenX meningitis at a time when the epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis on the continent is changing rapidly, following the recent introduction of a glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroup A. Here, we report the development of candidate glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and preclinical data from their use in animal studies. Following optimization of growth conditions of our seed MenX strain for polysaccharide (PS) production, a scalable purification process was developed yielding high amounts of pure MenX PS. Different glycoconjugates were synthesized by coupling MenX oligosaccharides of varying chain length to CRM197 as carrier protein. Analytical methods were developed for in-process control and determination of purity and consistency of the vaccines. All conjugates induced high anti-MenX PS IgG titers in mice. Antibodies were strongly bactericidal against African MenX isolates. These findings support the further development of glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and their assessment in clinical trials to produce a vaccine against the one cause of epidemic meningococcal meningitis that currently cannot be prevented by available vaccines.
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Muindi KM, McCarthy PC, Wang T, Vionnet J, Battistel M, Jankowska E, Vann WF. Characterization of the meningococcal serogroup X capsule N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Glycobiology 2013; 24:139-49. [PMID: 24134880 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, W135 and X are responsible for most cases of meningococcal meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X has recently emerged as a contributor to outbreaks of disease in Africa, but there is currently no vaccine against serogroup X. Understanding of the biosynthesis of the serogroup X capsular polysaccharide would provide useful tools for vaccine production. The serogroup X polysaccharide is a homopolymer of (α1→4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphate. It has been shown that the gene cluster xcbABC encodes synthesis of this polysaccharide. The xcbA gene product has significant homology with sacB, which is responsible for synthesis of the Neisseria serogroup A capsular polysaccharide, an (α1→6)-N-acetylmannosamine-1-phosphate homopolymer. The xcbA protein also shares homology with the catalytic domain of human N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryltransferase, a key enzyme in the mannose-6-phosphate receptor pathway. In this study, we show that xcbA in the appropriate background is sufficient for the synthesis of N. meningitidis serogroup X polysaccharide. By ELISA we detected polysaccharide in fractions of Escherichia coli expressing the xcbA gene. We isolated polysaccharide from an E. coli strain expressing XcbA and demonstrated that this polysaccharide has a (13)C-NMR spectrum identical to that of polysaccharide isolated from N. meningitidis Group X. We also demonstrate that the purified XcbA protein is an N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase that transfers N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate from UDP-GlcNAc to the 4-hydroxyl of an N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate oligosaccharide. Oligosaccharides fluorescently labeled at the aglycon are extended by XcbA only after the 4-phosphate occupying the non-reducing GlcNAc has been removed. The minimum size of fluorescent acceptors is a trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Muindi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Simmler C, Napolitano JG, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Universal quantitative NMR analysis of complex natural samples. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 25:51-9. [PMID: 24484881 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a universal and quantitative analytical technique. Being a unique structural tool, NMR also competes with metrological techniques for purity determination and reference material analysis. In pharmaceutical research, applications of quantitative NMR (qNMR) cover mostly the identification and quantification of drug and biological metabolites. Offering an unbiased view of the sample composition, and the possibility to simultaneously quantify multiple compounds, qNMR has become the method of choice for metabolomic studies and quality control of complex natural samples such as foods, plants or herbal remedies, and biofluids. In this regard, NMR-based metabolomic studies, dedicated to both the characterization of herbal remedies and clinical diagnosis, have increased considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - José G Napolitano
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States.
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13
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Micoli F, Adamo R, Proietti D, Gavini M, Romano MR, MacLennan CA, Costantino P, Berti F. Meningococcal X polysaccharide quantification by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using synthetic N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate as standard. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:259-61. [PMID: 23938776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for meningococcal X (MenX) polysaccharide quantification by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) is described. The polysaccharide is hydrolyzed by strong acidic treatment, and the peak of glucosamine-4-phosphate (4P-GlcN) is detected and measured after chromatography. In the selected conditions of hydrolysis, 4P-GlcN is the prevalent species formed, with GlcN detected for less than 5% in moles. As standard for the analysis, the monomeric unit of MenX polysaccharide, N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate (4P-GlcNAc), was used. This method for MenX quantification is highly selective and sensitive, and it constitutes an important analytical tool for the development of a conjugate vaccine against MenX.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Micoli
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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14
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Hung MC, Christodoulides M. The biology of Neisseria adhesins. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1054-109. [PMID: 24833056 PMCID: PMC3960869 DOI: 10.3390/biology2031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Neisseria include pathogens causing important human diseases such as meningitis, septicaemia, gonorrhoea and pelvic inflammatory disease syndrome. Neisseriae are found on the exposed epithelia of the upper respiratory tract and the urogenital tract. Colonisation of these exposed epithelia is dependent on a repertoire of diverse bacterial molecules, extending not only from the surface of the bacteria but also found within the outer membrane. During invasive disease, pathogenic Neisseriae also interact with immune effector cells, vascular endothelia and the meninges. Neisseria adhesion involves the interplay of these multiple surface factors and in this review we discuss the structure and function of these important molecules and the nature of the host cell receptors and mechanisms involved in their recognition. We also describe the current status for recently identified Neisseria adhesins. Understanding the biology of Neisseria adhesins has an impact not only on the development of new vaccines but also in revealing fundamental knowledge about human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Chiu Hung
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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15
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Xie O, Pollard AJ, Mueller JE, Norheim G. Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: Need for a vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:2852-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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