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Yang B, Liu J, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu X, Niu S, Yuan Y, Bi S. Sensitive detection of dextromethorphan hydrobromide based on portable Raman spectrometer and CuO@AgNPs nano composite SERS substrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123798. [PMID: 38134660 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy approach was established for the detection of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) utilizing nano CuO modified silver nanoparticles (CuO@AgNPs) as substrate. Ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterized the synthesized CuO@AgNPs. UV-vis and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were adopted to investigate the interaction between DXM and CuO@AgNPs. The optimal experimental conditions (the dosages of CuO@AgNPs and NaCl as well as mixing time) were explored. The enhancement factor (EF) was 1.71 × 106. The linear relationship between SERS intensity and the concentration of DXM in the range of 67 - 1000 nmol L-1 was obtained as ISERS = 25.81 c + 40398.77, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.12 nmol L-1 (S/N = 3). The interference of K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, glucose, HSA, L-tryptophan, soluble starch and ibuprofen were investigated. The method was successfully applied to test DXM in serum samples. The recovery was 99.06% - 101.51% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.74% - 3.87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Fengming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Shiyue Niu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Shuyun Bi
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
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Jorbenadze S, Khatiashvili T, Chelidze A, Lo Faro AF, Farkas T, Tini A, Sprega G, Berardinelli D, Busardò FP, Chankvetadze B. Development of a novel enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the differentiation of dextro- and levo-methorphan and their O-demethylated metabolites in human blood and its application to post-mortem samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115769. [PMID: 37864951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently we proposed an isocratic enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the separation and quantitative determination of dextro- (DXM) and levo-methorphan (LVM) and their pharmacologically relevant metabolites, dextrorphan and levorphanol, respectively, in human blood samples. This method was based on the polysaccharide-based chiral column Lux AMP, a specialty column characterized with high stability in mobile phases of pH 11.0 and above. The use of a single-source column is a limitation for any analytical method. Therefore, the major goal of the present study was to develop an enantioselective method for the differentiation of dextro- and levo-methorphan, as well as their metabolites dextrorphan and levorphanol, using Lux Cellulose-3 as alternative chiral column with methanol containing 0.1 % diethylamine mobile phase. A newly developed method uses a chiral selector part of HPLC columns available from multiple manufacturers and a fairly common mobile phase. The method was validated and applied to post-mortem blood samples. Out of 50 analyzed new samples, dextromethorphan (DXM) was detected in 17 samples. Of these 17 cases DXM was accompanied with LVM in 7 samples. The proposed analytical method is relatively simple, accurate and fast and can be adopted for routine use in forensic and clinical toxicology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jorbenadze
- Tbilisi State University, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Tamar Khatiashvili
- Tbilisi State University, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia; Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Aluda Chelidze
- Tbilisi State University, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, CA 90501, USA
| | - Anastasio Tini
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sprega
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Diletta Berardinelli
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy.
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Tbilisi State University, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia.
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Microsampling and enantioselective liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for chiral bioanalysis of novel psychoactive substances. Talanta 2023; 257:124332. [PMID: 36773512 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the development of efficient enantioselective HPLC methods for the analysis of five benzofuran-substituted phenethylamines, two substituted tryptamines, and three substituted cathinones is described. For the first time, reversed-phase (eluents made up with acidic water-methanol solutions) and polar-ionic (eluent made up with an acetonitrile-methanol solution incorporating both an acidic and a basic additive) conditions fully compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) detectors were applied with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) incorporating the (+)-(18-crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid chiral selector. Enantioresolution was achieved for nine compounds with α and RS factors up to 1.32 and 5.12, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) detection, CD spectroscopy in stopped-flow mode and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations were successfully employed to investigate the absolute stereochemistry of mephedrone, methylone and butylone and allowed to establish a (R)<(S) enantiomeric elution order for these compounds on the chosen CSP. Whole blood miniaturized samples collected by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) technology and fortified with the target analytes were extracted following an optimized protocol and effectively analysed by means of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS system. By this way a proof-of-concept procedure was applied, demonstrating the suitability of the method for quali-quantitative enantioselective assessment of the selected psychoactive substances in advanced biological microsamples. VAMS microsamplers including a polypropylene handle topped with a small tip of a polymeric porous material were used and allowed to volumetrically collect small aliquots of whole blood (10 μL) independently from its density. Highly appreciable volumetric accuracy (bias, in the -8.7-8.1% range) and precision (% CV, in the 2.8-5.9% range) turned out.
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Lo Faro AF, Berardinelli D, Sprega G, Tini A, Carlier J, Farkas T, Busardò FP, Chankvetadze B. Development of an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of methorphan and its O-demethylated metabolite in human blood and its application to post-mortem samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115384. [PMID: 37044005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work an isocratic enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the separation and quantitative determination of dextro - and levo -methorphan and their pharmacologically relevant metabolites, dextrorphan and levorphanol, respectively, in human blood samples. The separation of enantiomers of methorphan and metabolites was performed on the polysaccharide-based chiral column Lux AMP in combination with acetonitrile and 5 mM aqueous ammonium bicarbonate pH 11 in the ratio 50:50 (%, v/v) as mobile phase with the flow rate 1 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with four transitions for each dextromethorpan, levomethorphan, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan-d3 and two transitions for each levorphanol, levorphanol-d3 and dextrorphan-d3. Application of this method to human post-mortem blood samples confirmed cases of severe overdosing with dextromethorphan, levomethorphan, and less commonly with both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Diletta Berardinelli
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sprega
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anastasio Tini
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jeremy Carlier
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, 90501 CA, USA
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Tbilisi State University, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Belova EV, Semenova EV, Tverdislov VA. On the Chirality of Drugs and the Structures of Biomacromolecules. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Green HPTLC and stability-indicating RP-HPLC for the assay of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and menthol in their lozenges. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 78:368-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Králík F, Fagan P, Kuchař M, Setnička V. Structure of heroin in a solution revealed by chiroptical spectroscopy. Chirality 2020; 32:854-865. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Králík
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Fagan
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances and Department of Chemistry of Natural CompoundsUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
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Cui X, Lian R, Chen J, Ni C, Liang C, Chen G, Zhang Y. Source identification of heroin by rapid detection of organic impurities using direct analysis in real time with high-resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Soichot M, Julliand S, Filatriau J, Hurbain A, Bourgogne E, Mihoubi A, Gourlain H, Delhotal-Landes B. Diagnosis of Heroin Overdose in an 8-Year-Old Boy: Reliable Contribution of Toxicological Investigations. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:255-264. [PMID: 29301012 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicological investigations are often required by clinicians in comatose patients with suspected poisoning. However, the usefulness of toxicological analyses to support a diagnosis of acute poisoning is debated among clinicians and the interpretation of laboratory tests is challenging given the wide diversity of analytical techniques available. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy who was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe respiratory depression and neurological impairment. In order to formulate appropriate hypothesizes about the diagnosis and circumstances of intoxication, clinicians consulted toxicologists for a comprehensive toxicological screening. Routine blood immunoassays were negative for common toxicants but urine tests were positive for opiates. A general unknown screening using liquid and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection confirmed the presence of morphine, codeine and related glucuronides metabolites in plasma and urine. Subsequently, morphine and codeine were quantified in plasma samples by online-SPE-LC-MS-MS. In addition, analyses performed with GC-MS and LC-MSn identified compounds used as markers when profiling illicit heroin, namely noscapine, dextromethorphan and codeine. In conjunction with the patient's history, clinical picture and circumstances of intoxication, toxicological findings strongly suggested an acute pediatric opioid overdose as a collateral damage of parental heroin abuse in the home. This case highlights the significant contribution of toxicological investigations in sensitive legal cases and the critical role of communications between clinicians and toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soichot
- Service de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France
| | - S Julliand
- Service Mobile d'Urgence et de Réanimation (SMUR), Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, Paris 75019, France
| | - J Filatriau
- Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, Paris 75019, France
| | - A Hurbain
- Bruker Daltonics, 34 Rue de l'Industrie, Wissembourg 67160, France
| | - E Bourgogne
- Service de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France.,UMR 8638, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris 75006, France
| | - A Mihoubi
- Service de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France
| | - H Gourlain
- Service de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France
| | - B Delhotal-Landes
- Service de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France
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Pichini S, Busardò FP, Gregori A, Berretta P, Gentili S, Pacifici R. Purity and adulterant analysis of some recent drug seizures in Italy. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:485-490. [PMID: 27860443 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The data collected in this study describe an initial attempt to systematically introduce the qualitative and quantitative analysis of adulterants present in seized street drugs in Italy with the aim of improving surveillance and data sharing and for this purpose, the implementation of validated and standardized procedures are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pichini
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Sezione di Chimica, Esplosivi ed Infiammabili, R.I.S., Roma
| | - Paolo Berretta
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gentili
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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12
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Chiral analysis of methorphan in opiate-overdose related deaths by using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Potential transducers based man-tailored biomimetic sensors for selective recognition of dextromethorphan as an antitussive drug. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:217-24. [PMID: 26046285 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic potentiometric sensor for specific recognition of dextromethorphan (DXM), a drug classified according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as a "drug of concern", is designed and characterized. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), with special molecular recognition properties of DXM, was prepared by thermal polymerization in which DXM acted as template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylonitrile (AN) acted as functional monomers in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker. The sensors showed a high selectivity and a sensitive response to the template in aqueous system. Electrochemical evaluation of these sensors revealed near-Nernstian response with slopes of 49.6±0.5 and 53.4±0.5 mV decade(-1) with a detection limit of 1.9×10(-6), and 1.0×10(-6) mol L(-1) DXM with MIP/MAA and MIP/AN membrane based sensors, respectively. Significantly improved accuracy, precision, response time, stability, selectivity and sensitivity were offered by these simple and cost-effective potentiometric sensors compared with other standard techniques. The method has the requisite accuracy, sensitivity and precision to assay DXM in pharmaceutical products.
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Bortolotti F, Bertaso A, Gottardo R, Musile G, Tagliaro F. Dextromethorphan/levomethorphan issues in a case of opiate overdose. Drug Test Anal 2013; 5:781-4. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bortolotti
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Forensic Medicine; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Anna Bertaso
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Forensic Medicine; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Rossella Gottardo
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Forensic Medicine; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Giacomo Musile
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Forensic Medicine; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Forensic Medicine; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
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