Development of a stability-indicating HPLC method of etifoxine with characterization of degradation products by LC-MS/TOF, 1H and 13C NMR

Iridium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylation of Vinyl Benzoxazinones for the Synthesis of Chiral 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines via Kinetic Resolution

Chiral benzoxazinones and 4H-3,1-benzoxazines as important motifs are widely found in abundant pharmaceuticals and biological molecules. We herein successfully developed the first kinetic resolution (KR) process of racemic benzoxazinones through Ir-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular allylation, furnishing a wide range of chiral benzoxazinones and 4H-3,1-benzoxazines with excellent results via outstanding KR performances (with the s factor up to 170). This protocol exhibited broad substrate scope generality and good functional group tolerance, and the chiral 4H-3,1-benzoxazine products could be readily transformed to other useful optically active heterocycles.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic activities in vitro of alkaloids separated from Aconitum soongoricum Stapf

The aim of the present study was to investigate the cell proliferation-inhibiting and anti-rheumatic activities of chemical components from Aconitum soongoricum Stapf. Chemical constituents of Aconitum soongoricum Stapf. were separated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Structure was identified by spectroscopic technique, and physical/chemical properties were analyzed. The following four compounds were identified: i) Aconitine, ii) songorine, iii) 16, 17-dihydro-12β, 16β-epoxynapelline, and iv) 12-epi-napelline. Cell Counting kit-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. ELISA was conducted to determine the cytokine contents, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels. Compared with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, the contents of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the culture supernatant were significantly declined in the leflunomide + LPS and intervention+LPS groups, as well as the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGFA and TLR4. Treatments with songorine, benzoylaconine and aconitine (at different concentrations) significantly inhibited the proliferation of HFLS-RA cells. Compared with the LPS group, the contents of PGE-2, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the culture supernatant were significantly decreased in the intervention groups, and the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, HIF-1α and VEGFA in the cells in the intervention groups. Songorine, benzoylaconine and aconitine from Aconitum soongoricum Stapf. have anti-rheumatic activities in vitro, which may inhibit the proliferation of HFLS-RA cells, and the underlying mechanisms may be associated with inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine production and downregulating the expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and TLR4.

The synthesis of sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines via an electro-chemical radical cascade cyclization

We achieved sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines under ambient conditions without any metals and external chemical oxidants via electrochemical radical cascade cyclizations.

Silver or cerium-promoted free radical cascade difunctionalization of o-vinylanilides with sodium aryl- or alkylsulfinates

An efficient cascade oxysulfonylation of o-vinylanilides with sodium aryl- or alkylsulfinates was developed for the synthesis of sulfonated benzoxazines.

Copper-catalyzed radical cascade oxyalkylation of olefinic amides with simple alkanes: highly efficient access to benzoxazines

A copper-catalyzed C(sp³)-H bond functionalization of simple alkanes with olefinic amides was developed for the efficient synthesis of important benzoxazine derivatives. It involves new C-C and C-O bond formation in one step via a radical cascade process.

Studies on photodegradation process of psychotropic drugs: a review

Consumption of psychotropic drugs is still increasing, especially in high-income countries. One of the most crucial consequences of this fact is significant release of them to the environment. Considerable amounts of atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their metabolites were detected in river, lake, and sea water, as well as in tissues of aquatic organisms. Their ecotoxicity was proved by numerous studies. It should be noticed that interaction between psychotropic pharmaceuticals and radiation may lead to formation of potentially more toxic intermediates. On the other hand, photo-assisted wastewater treatment methods can be used as an efficient way to eliminate them from the environment. Many methods based on photolysis and photocatalysis were proposed and developed recently; nevertheless, the problem is still unsolved. However, according to recent studies, photocatalysis could be considered as the most promising and far more effective than regular photolysis. An overview on photolytic as well as homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation methods with the use of various catalysts is presented. The photostability and phototoxicity of pharmaceuticals were also discussed. Various analytical methods were used for the photodegradation research, and this issue was also compared and summarized. Use of high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (Q-TOF, ion trap, Orbitrap) was suggested. The combined techniques such as LC-MS, GC-MS, and LC-NMR, which enable qualitative and quantitative analyses in one run, proved to be the most valuable in this case. Assembling of MS/MS spectra libraries of drug molecules and their phototransformation products was identified as the future challenge.

Electronic halocyclization and radical haloazidation of benzene-linked 1,7-dienes for the synthesis of functionalized 3,1-benzoxazines

Electronic halocyclization and radical haloazidation of benzene-linked 1,7-dienes by using TMSN₃ as an azidyl source and NBS as a halogen source has been disclosed in this paper, producing a series of functionalized 3,1-benzoxazines in moderate to good yields.