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Jakimiuk K, Tomczyk M. A review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical evidence for the use of the genus Alchemilla (Rosaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117439. [PMID: 37981119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla species have long been prescribed for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, pruritus vulvae, menopausal complaints, and related diseases in women. This review summarizes the traditional uses, highlights promising plant species, and focuses on phytochemical and biological studies to highlight future areas of research. AIM OF THE REVIEW This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Alchemilla species, covering their botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological and pharmacological activities, and to summarize the current research status to better understand the application value of Alchemilla plants in modern phytotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search strategy utilized the major thematic platforms Reaxys, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, the USDA Plant Database and Kew Science (Royal Botanic Gardens) and was performed with the term Alchemilla. These platforms were systematically searched for articles published from 1960 to 2023. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Alchemilla species, as members of the Rosaceae family, produce tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, triterpenes and violet compounds. Effort has been made with this comprehensive review of Alchemilla plants to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in modern phytochemistry and phytotherapy, underlaying a broad spectrum of the activities of these plants, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiobesity, cardiovascular, anticancer, and wound healing effects. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of studies on the plants in the Alchemilla genus have provided data about the main constituents and their importance in modern medicine. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that Alchemilla plants possess an extensive spectrum of biological activities. Regardless of the remarkable medical potential of Alchemilla extracts, clinical studies are limited and need to be performed to produce safer and less expensive plant-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
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Benrahou K, Driouech M, El Guourrami O, Mrabti HN, Cherrah Y, El Abbes Faouzi M. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and taxonomy of Poygonum aviculare L.: a comprehensive review. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Motti R, Paura B, Cozzolino A, de Falco B. Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233272. [PMID: 36501312 PMCID: PMC9736219 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are becoming an essential component of people's nutrition in the Mediterranean basin. In the last decades, many researchers also have focused their attention on the nutritional composition of the edible flowers, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including studies on their safety issues. Despite the growing interest in the use of flowers in human nutrition, the ethnobotanical literature is lacking coverage of some important issues, particularly those which concern the use of flowers in the folk tradition. Only recently, a review regarding the contribution of 32 edible flowers to the Mediterranean diet was published. The aim of the present review is to document the plant lore regarding the wild and cultivated edible flowers consumed in the Mediterranean basin. Based on the 112 studies reviewed, we documented 251 taxa as being used in the Mediterranean basin as edible flowers. The plant species belong to 45 families and 141 genera. Asteraceae (54 taxa) is the most frequently cited family. Sambucus nigra L. is the most cited species. This study can be the basis for future research on the supposed bioactivity and toxicity of wild and cultivated flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Motti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruno Paura
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna de Falco
- Spanish Bank of Algae, Marine Biotechnology Center, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
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Kanak S, Krzemińska B, Celiński R, Bakalczuk M, Dos Santos Szewczyk K. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Alchemilla Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2709. [PMID: 36297733 PMCID: PMC9609838 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Alchemilla, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, which display a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. Alchemilla species are used in traditional medicine for treatment of acute diarrhea, wounds, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia. In this review, we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Alchemilla species. We can assume that phytomedicine and natural products chemistry are of significant importance due to the fact that extract combinations with various bioactive compounds possess the activity to protect the human body rather than disturb damaging factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kanak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Krzemińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Celiński
- Department of Cardiology, Independent Public Provincial Specialist Hospital in Chełm, 22-100 Chełm, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bakalczuk
- Independent Unit of Functional Masticatory Disorders, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Kovač MJ, Jokić S, Jerković I, Molnar M. Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Acids and Tannins from Alchemilla vulgaris L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:474. [PMID: 35214807 PMCID: PMC8876725 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alchemilla vulgaris L. is a good source of antioxidant components with an emphasis on phenolic acids and tannins. In this study, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and hydrolyzable tannins (HT) were extracted from this plant with different deep eutectic solvents (DESs), varying the amount of added H2O, temperature and extraction time. Seventeen DESs (n = 3) were used for the extraction, of which choline chloride:urea (1:2) proved to be the most suitable. The selection of the best solvent was followed by the examination of the influence of the extraction type and parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Gallic acid content was in the range of 0.00-1.89 µg mg-1, ellagic acid content was 0.00-12.76 µg mg-1 and hydrolyzable tannin (HT) content was 3.06-181.26 µgTAE mg-1, depending on the used technique and the extraction conditions. According to the results, extraction by stirring and heating was the most suitable since the highest amounts of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and HT were extracted, and the obtained optimal values using response surface methodology (RSM) are confirmed by experimentally obtained values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jakovljević Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.K.); (S.J.)
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Santos MPF, Porfírio MCP, Junior ECS, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM. Pepsin immobilization: Influence of carbon support functionalization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:67-79. [PMID: 35090943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the matrices for enzyme immobilization, activated carbon has been standing out in immobilization processes due to its properties and to its characteristics that provide superficial modification by inserting new functional groups capable of binding the enzymes forming covalent bonds. In this study the effect of different modification methods of activated carbon (functionalization with genipin, metallization, metallization in the presence of chelating agent, and functionalization with glutaraldehyde) on efficiency of pepsin immobilization was evaluated. The effect of immobilization pH and the reaction medium on hydrolysis activity of bovine casein was also evaluated. The functionalization of activated carbon using iron ions allowed an immobilization capacity of 98.93 mg·g-1, with immobilization efficiency greater than 99%, and enzyme activity of 2.30 U, which was higher than the other modifications, and closer to the enzyme in the native form activity (3.32 U). In general, the carbon surface modifications were responsible for forming more stable bonds between support and enzyme, improving its proteolytic activity (from 1.84 to 2.30 U) when compared to traditional immobilization methods by adsorption and covalent binding using glutaraldehyde (from 1.04 to 1.1 U).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Marjorie C P Porfírio
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C S Junior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil.
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Wang SY, Zhao H, Xu HT, Han XD, Wu YS, Xu FF, Yang XB, Göransson U, Liu B. Kaempferia galanga L.: Progresses in Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Ethnomedicinal Uses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675350. [PMID: 34737693 PMCID: PMC8560697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
K. galanga is an aromatic medicinal herb. It is locally to India and distributed in China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. K. galanga is a Traditional Chinese Herb Medicine (TCHM), which has been applied to treat cold, dry cough, toothaches, rheumatism, hypertension and so on. In addition, it has been used widely as spices since its highly aromas. The aim of this review is to compile and update the current progresses of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of K. galanga. All the data on K. galanga were based on different classical literary works, multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, etc. The results showed that ninety-seven compounds have been identified from rhizome of K. galanga, including terpenoids, phenolics, cyclic dipeptides, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, fatty acids and esters. Modern pharmacology studies revealed that extracts or secondary metabolites of the herb possessed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumorous, anti-bacterial, and anti-angiogenesis effects, which were closely related to its abundant ethnomedicinal uses. In conclusion, although previous research works have provided various information of K. galanga, more in-depth studies are still necessary to systemically evaluate phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity and quality control of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Mladenova SG, Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Marchev AS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Georgiev MI. Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Alchemilla monticola is Mediated Via PI3K/AKT Signaling Inhibition in Human Adipocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707507. [PMID: 34483915 PMCID: PMC8416315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a persistent and continuously expanding social health concern. Excessive fat mass accumulation is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reproductive dysfunctions and certain types of cancer. Alchemilla monticola Opiz. is a perennial plant of the Rosaceae family traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions and as a component of weight loss herbal mixtures. In the search for bioactive leads with potential anti-adipogenic effect from A. monticola extract (ALM), we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics to obtain data for the phytochemical profile of the extract. Further, molecular docking simulation was performed against key adipogenic targets for selected pure compounds, present in the ALM extract. Evaluation of the biological activity was done in human adipocytes exposed to ALM (5, 10 and 25 μg/ml), pure astragalin (AST) or quercitrin (QUE) both at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 μM. Investigation of the molecular pathways involved was performed through real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. According to the docking predictions strong putative affinity was revealed for both AST and QUE towards peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Assessment of the intracellular lipid accumulation revealed anti-adipogenic activity of ALM. Correspondingly, the expression of the adipogenic genes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and PPARG was downregulated upon ALM and AST treatment. The Western blotting results exposed protein kinase B (AKT), PI3K and PPARγ as targets for the inhibitory effect of ALM and AST on adipogenesis. Collectively, we provide a broader insight of the phytochemical composition of A. monticola. Additionally, we demonstrate the anti-adipogenic effect of ALM and its active compound AST in human adipocytes. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is identified to mediate the ALM anti-adipogenic action. Hence, the ALM extract and its secondary metabolite AST are worth further exploration as potentially active agents in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveta G Mladenova
- BB-NCIPD Ltd., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V Vasileva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Santos MFC, Oliveira LC, Ribeiro VP, Soares MG, Morae GDOI, Sartori AGDO, Rosalen PL, Bastos JK, de Alencar SM, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR. Isolation of diterpenes from Araucaria sp Brazilian brown propolis and development of a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for its analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3089-3097. [PMID: 34169651 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Propolis comprises a complex resinous product composed of plant's parts or exudates, pollen, bee wax, and enzymes. Brazilian brown propolis from Araucaria sp displays several biological activities. Considering the lack of validated analytical methods for its analysis, we are reporting the development of a validated high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector method to analyze Araucaria brown propolis. The crude propolis were extracted and chromatographed, furnishing six main diterpenes. The isolated standards were used to draw the analytical curves, allowing the studies of selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness, the determination of limits of detection and limits of quantification. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile, using an octadecylsilane column, 1 mL/min flow rate and detection at 200 or 241 nm. Relative standard deviation values obtained for intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 4% for all diterpenes. From the five parameters for robustness, wavelength detection and flow rate were the critical ones. Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.808 to 10.359 μg/mL and from 2.448 to 31.392 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were between 105.03 and 108.13%, with relative standard deviation values around 5.0%. The developed method is precise, sensitive, and reliable for analyzing Araucaria brown propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Costa Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marisi Gomes Soares
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
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Antioxidant and In Vitro Preliminary Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Castanea sativa (Italian Cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide" PGI) Burs, Leaves, and Chestnuts Extracts and Their Metabolite Profiles by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020278. [PMID: 33670426 PMCID: PMC7917746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian "Marrone di Roccadaspide" (Castanea sativa), a labeled Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product, represents an important economic resource for the Italian market. With the aim to give an interesting opportunity to use chestnuts by-products for the development of nutraceutical and/or cosmetic formulations, the investigation of burs and leaves along with chestnuts of C. sativa, cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide", has been performed. The phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content of the MeOH extracts of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" burs, leaves, and chestnuts as well as their antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) have been evaluated. Furthermore, a cell-based antioxidant in vitro test along with in vitro assays for the evaluation of the ability to reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production have been carried out. In order to identify the secondary metabolites responsible for the high phenolic content and the strong antioxidant activity shown by leaves and burs extracts, and to highlight the differences between their chemical composition, the analysis of the metabolite profile of the MeOH extracts obtained from both by-products and chestnuts by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and multiple-stage linear ion-trap and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-(-)ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS) has been performed. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of different classes of specialized metabolites including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, and triterpenoids as well as polar lipids. Our results show how the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be correlated to their high tannins and flavonoids content while polar lipids occurring in the MeOH extract of the leaves could contribute to determining its higher anti-inflammatory activity.
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Natural Products Targeting ER Stress, and the Functional Link to Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061905. [PMID: 32168739 PMCID: PMC7139827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle essential for intracellular homeostasis maintenance, controlling synthesis, the folding of secreted and membrane-bound proteins, and transport of Ca2+. During cellular stress, ER dysfunction leads to the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) due to accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER. This condition is referred as ER stress. Mitochondria and ER form a site of close contact (the mitochondria-associated membrane, MAM) which is a major platform exerting important physiological roles in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial fission, autophagosome formation, and apoptosis progression. Natural products have been receiving increasing attention for their ability to interfere with ER stress. Research works have focused on the capacity of these bioactive compounds to induce apoptosis by activating ER stress through the ER stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In this review we discuss the role of natural products in the signaling communication between ER and mitochondria, focusing on the effects induced by ER stress including Ca2+ permeability transition and UPR signaling (protein kinase R-like ER kinase/mitofusin 2).
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Solvent-solvent fractionations of Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) leave extract: Studies of their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:670-679. [PMID: 28870343 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biological activities of Combretum erythrophyllum (C. erythrophyllum) leaf extracts against infectious diseases' pathogenesis and their cytotoxicity potentials. METHODS Powdered leaf material (300 g) of C. erythrophyllum was extracted (1:10 w/v) using acetone to obtain the crude extract. Liquid-liquid fractionation was performed on the crude acetone extract (30 g) using solvents of different polarity. The bioautographic method was used to detect the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth by active compounds present in the crude and fractions. The extracts were then tested on bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; fungal strains: Candida albicans (C. albicans), Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, by microtitre dilution method for MIC determination. RESULTS The extracts MIC values ranged between 0.08 and 2.50 mg/mL against the tested pathogens. Water fraction had the highest activity against bacteria strains, while the fungal assay revealed crude acetone extract and ethyl acetate fraction to be active against C. albicans (1.25 mg/mL), dichloromethane extract against C. albicans and A. fumigatus (0.16 mg/mL). Extract fractions showed a good antioxidant activity via DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, in the order: ethyl acetate > water > acetone > dichloromethane > hexane. The toxicity level of crude extract and fractions evaluated in Vero monkey kidney cells ranged from 34 to 223 μg/mL, while doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.19 μg/mL) served as the positive control. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the extracts of C. erythrophyllum are safe for medicinal use in folk medicine for treating infectious and stress related diseases.
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Exploratory Studies on the in Vitro
Anti-inflammatory Potential of Two Herbal Teas (Annona muricata
L. and Jasminum grandiflorum
L.), and Relation with Their Phenolic Composition. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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