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Chen L, Cui Y, Dean B, Liang X. Matrix effect in bioanalytical assay development using supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5759. [PMID: 37845809 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix effect (ME) is commonly caused by coelution of compounds with target analytes, resulting in either suppression or enhancement of analyte ionization. Thus, to achieve the desired accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, ME needs to be evaluated and controlled during bioanalytical method development. As the application of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) for analysis of biological samples has increased, ME using SFC-MS has also been investigated with a focus on the difference in ME in SFC-MS compared to other chromatographic techniques used for achiral separation in biological samples. Here, we provide a summary of the status of ME evaluation and mitigation in SFC-MS methods. This review presents an overview of the phenomenon of ME and methods for evaluating ME in bioanalysis. Next, the factors that can impact ME in SFC-MS-based bioanalytical methods are discussed in detail with an emphasis on SFC. A literature review of the evaluation of ME in targeted bioanalytical methods using SFC-MS is included at the end. Robust instrumentation, effective sample preparation, and superb separation selectivity are the foundations of reliable analytical methods as well as the ability to mitigate detrimental ME in SFC-MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuxiang Cui
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Wang H, Wu F, Dai X, Fang X, Ding CF. Rapid discrimination of enantiomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry and chemical theoretical calculation: Chiral mandelic acid and its derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340725. [PMID: 36628725 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because R/S-mandelic acids (MA) and their derivatives are critical starting materials or intermediates in the synthesis of chiral drugs, their chirality discrimination is important. In this study, R/S-MA and its derivatives, including R/S-2-phenylpropionic acid (2-PPA), R/S-methoxyphenylaceticacid (MPA), and R/S-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (HPBA), were accurate simultaneous mobility-discriminated by forming diastereomer complexes for the first time, which were obtained by simply mixing with cyclodextrins (α, β, γ-CD) and transition-metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). The mass spectra revealed non-covalent diastereomer complexes formed by CD, enantiomers, and metal ions, and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) was performed for 109 pairs of complexes. Significant chiral discrimination was observed in the formed diastereomeric complexes, and their separation peak-to-peak resolution (Rp-p) for the enantiomers depended on the transition metal ion type. In most cases, the Rp-p value gradually increases with CD size, with quaternary complexes having the largest Rp-p value. The greatest chiral distinctions of 2-PPA, MA, MPA, and HPBA were obtained by the diastereomeric complex ions of [(2-PPA)(α)2+Zn2+-H]+, [(MA)(α)2+Zn2+-H]+, [(MPA)2(β)+Co2+-H]+, and [(HPBA)(α)2+Fe2+-H]+, with Rp-p values of 1.35, 1.57, 1.70, and 0.71, respectively. Furthermore, the favorable conformation and collisional cross section (CCS) value of the different [CD + R/S-MA + Cu-H]+ complexes were measured using chemical theoretical calculations to detail their intermolecular interaction, revealing that [α-CD + R/S-MA + Cu-H]+ has two favored gas complexes, and the CCS calculated were consistent with the TIMS observed. In addition, R2 > 0.99 was obtained for the relative quantification of the chiral enantiomers. Overall, the proposed method provides a promising strategy for distinguishing the enantiomers of MA and their derivatives, with the advantages of simplicity, speed, and accuracy, without the need for complex chemical derivatization or chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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3
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Synthesis of C8F13-SiO2 stationary phase for chromatographic separation of highly polar compounds. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Roskam G, van de Velde B, Gargano A, Kohler I. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Analysis, Part 2: Applications. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.fn8374q5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of this review article, the recent progress in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for enantiomeric separations is evaluated. With the substantial developments carried out over the past years in instrumentation, columns, and detector hyphenation, the interest in chiral SFC has been steadily growing in various fields. In combination with novel developments in chiral stationary phase chemistries, the enantioselective analysis range has been significantly extended. Several applications reported on the enantioselective separation of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds using chiral SFC are discussed, including pharmaceutical applications, clinical research, forensic toxicology, and environmental sciences.
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Chen L, Dean B, Liang X. A technical overview of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) and its recent applications in pharmaceutical research and development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 40:69-75. [PMID: 34916026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the growing development and applications of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) for the analysis of small molecular analytes and biomarkers in drug discovery. As an alternative chromatographic technique, SFC instrumentation and methodology have dramatically advanced over the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) provides the powerful detection capability as it couples with SFC. A growing number of SFC-MS/MS applications were reported over the last decade and the application areas of SFC-MS/MS is rapidly expanding. The first part of this review is devoted to the different aspects of SFC-MS development and recent technological advancements. In the second part of this review, we highlight the recent application areas in pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chen
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wahba MEK, El Sherbiny D, El Wasseef D. Estimating chiral selector potential of micelle-based mobile phases through the analysis of some enantiomeric mixtures. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1927399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. K. Wahba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D. El Sherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D. El Wasseef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Recent advances in chiral analysis for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:493-511. [PMID: 33719527 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors. The application of chiral analysis is discussed in the article, which involves differentiation between clinical use and drug abuse, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacology/toxicology evaluations and chiral inversion. Typical chiral analytes, including amphetamines and their analogs, anesthetics, psychotropic drugs, β-blockers and some other chiral compounds, are also reviewed.
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Valliappan Kannappan, Selvakumar Kanthiah. Development and Optimization of Stereoselective Liquid Chromatographic Method for Chiral Separation of (±)-cetirizine and Enantiopurity Assessment of R-levocetirizine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Paczkowska M, Mizera M, Tężyk A, Zalewski P, Dzitko J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) for the determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Karakaya S, Dilgin DG. Low-cost determination of cetirizine by square wave voltammetry in a disposable electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Harps LC, Joseph JF, Parr MK. SFC for chiral separations in bioanalysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 162:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Gan S, Shi X, Zhu X, Wu C, Li Z, Han T, Lu R. Rapid Dynamic Determination of Cetirizine Dihydrochloride in Urine Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with Silver Colloids. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1370597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gan
- Section of Scientific Research, Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Section of Scientific Research, Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Zhu
- Section of Scientific Research, Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Chaoquan Wu
- Section of Scientific Research, Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- Testing Centre, All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan Fruit Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Preclinical Medicine, New Campus, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Rigang Lu
- Section of Scientific Research, Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
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Kočová Vlčková H, Pilařová V, Svobodová P, Plíšek J, Švec F, Nováková L. Current state of bioanalytical chromatography in clinical analysis. Analyst 2018; 143:1305-1325. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic methods have become popular in clinical analysis in both routine and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kočová Vlčková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Pilařová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Svobodová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Plíšek
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - F. Švec
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - L. Nováková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
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Supercritical fluid chromatography: a promising alternative to current bioanalytical techniques. Bioanalysis 2017; 10:107-124. [PMID: 29236519 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, chemistry was involved in the worldwide effort toward environmental problems leading to the birth of green chemistry. In this context, green analytical tools were developed as modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in the field of separative techniques. This chromatographic technique knew resurgence a few years ago, thanks to its high efficiency, fastness and robustness of new generation equipment. These advantages and its easy hyphenation to MS fulfill the requirements of bioanalysis regarding separation capacity and high throughput. In the present paper, the technical aspects focused on bioanalysis specifications will be detailed followed by a critical review of bioanalytical supercritical fluid chromatography methods published in the literature.
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A Novel Two-Step Liquid-Liquid Extraction Procedure Combined with Stationary Phase Immobilized Human Serum Albumin for the Chiral Separation of Cetirizine Enantiomers along with M and P Parabens. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121654. [PMID: 27941625 PMCID: PMC6273300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The research into the separation of drug enantiomers is closely related to the safety and efficiency of the drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and validated HPLC method to analyze cetirizine enantiomers. In the case of liquid dosage forms, besides the active substance in large amounts there are usually also inactive ingredients such as methyl- and propylparaben. Unfortunately, these compounds can interfere with the analyte, inter alia during chiral separation of the analyte enantiomers. The proposed innovative two-step liquid-liquid extraction procedure allowed for the determination of cetirizine enantiomers (along with M and P parabens) also in liquid dosage forms. The main focus of this study was the chromatographic activity of cetirizine dihydrochloride on the proteinate-based chiral stationary phase. The chromatographic separation of cetirizine enantiomers was performed on an immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) column for the first time. Measurements were performed at a wavelength of 227 nm. Under optimal conditions, baseline separation of two enantiomers was obtained with 1.43 enantioseparation factor (α) and 1.82 resolution (Rs). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the selected pharmaceutical formulations.
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