Optimization of microchip-based electrophoresis for monoclonal antibody product quality analysis revealed needs for extra surfactants during denaturation

Elimination of light chain tailing in reducing capillary electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate analysis of a monoclonal antibody

Capillary electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) is a common analytical technique for investigating the purity and molecular size heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. In reducing CE-SDS analysis of mAb-A, the light chain (LC) peak exhibited severe tailing, seriously affecting the purity analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to clarify the source of tailing and develop a more appropriate CE-SDS method to eliminate LC tailing. The degree of LC tailing was closely related to the mAb concentration, SDS concentration, and injection amount, and more hydrophobic detergents, such as sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), could be used instead of SDS to obtain better peak shapes. The results also indicated that the tailing was caused by the binding problem associated with SDS, and SHS/STS could provide a more stable and uniform complexation for the LC. In summary, the method we developed successfully eliminated the LC tailing and provided a robust characterization of mAb-A in reducing CE-SDS analysis.

Recent biopharmaceutical applications of capillary electrophoresis methods on recombinant DNA technology-based products

Biopharmaceuticals (recombinant technology-based products, vaccines, whole blood and blood components, gene therapy, cells, tissues, etc.,) are described as biological medical products produced from various living sources such as human, microbial, animal, and so on by manufacturing, extraction, or semi-synthesis. They are complex molecules having high molecular weights. For their safety and efficacy, their structural, clinical, physicochemical, and chemical features must be carefully controlled, and they must be well characterized by analytical techniques before the approval of the final product. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) having versatile modes can provide valuable safety and efficacy information, such as amino acid sequence, size variants (low and high molecular weight variants), charged variants (acidic and basic impurities), aggregates, N-linked glycosylation, and O-linked glycosylation. There are numerous applications of CE in the literature. In this review, the most significant and recent studies on the analysis of recombinant DNA technology-based products using different CE modes in the last ten years have been overviewed. It was seen that the researches mostly focus on the analysis of mAbs and IgG. In addition, in recent years, researchers have started to prefer CE combined mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to provide a more detailed characterization for protein and peptide fragments.

Recent advances in protein analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis

This review article describes the significant recent advances in the analysis of proteins by capillary and microchip electrophoresis during the period from mid-2014 to early 2017. This review highlights the progressions, new methodologies, innovative instrumental modifications, and challenges for efficient protein analysis in human specimens, animal tissues, and plant samples. The protein analysis fields covered in this review include analysis of native, reduced, and denatured proteins in addition to Western blotting, protein therapeutics and proteomics.

Analysis of proteins and peptides by electromigration methods in microchips

This review presents the developments and applications of microchip electromigration methods in the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins in the period 2011-mid-2016. The developments in sample preparation and preconcentration, microchannel material, and surface treatment are described. Separations by various microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in free and sieving media, affinity electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) are demonstrated. Advances in detection methods are reported and novel applications in the areas of proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices, and determination of physicochemical parameters are shown.

Cutting-edge capillary electrophoresis characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products

Out of all categories, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), biosimilar, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and Fc-fusion proteins attract the most interest due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. Because of their intrinsic complexity due to a large number of micro-heterogeneities, there is a crucial need of analytical methods to provide comprehensive in-depth characterization of these molecules. CE presents some obvious benefits as high resolution separation and miniaturized format to be widely applied to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. CE is an effective method for the separation of proteins at different levels. capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have been particularly relevant for the characterization of size and charge variants of intact and reduced mAbs, while CE-MS appears to be a promising analytical tool to assess the primary structure of mAbs and related products. This review will be dedicated to detail the current and state-of-the-art CE-based methods for the characterization of mAbs and related products.