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Agrawal S, Sanap SN, Bisen AC, Biswas A, Choudhury AD, Verma SK, Jaiswal S, Narender T, Bhatta RS. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxy isoleucine using LC-MS/MS: a potential polycystic ovary syndrome phytopharmaceutical therapeutics. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:711-725. [PMID: 37354099 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the preclinical pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxy isoleucine (4-HIL) targeted for polycystic ovary syndrome. Methodology: The quantitative bioanalysis of 4-HIL in different biological matrices in female Sprage-Dawley rats using LC-MS/MS. Results: At 50 mg/kg, 4-HIL had 56.8% absolute oral bioavailability. It was quickly absorbed and distributed in various tissues in order of small intestine > kidney > ovary > spleen > lung > liver > heart > brain after oral administration. Moreover, 11.07% of 4-HIL was recovered in urine and feces within 72 h. Conclusion: 4-HIL levels in vital organs were found safe, as per tissue distribution results. Hence, 4-HIL could be used as promising therapeutics for management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shubham Jaiswal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Yan D, Si W, Zhou X, Yang M, Chen Y, Chang Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Wang K, Yan M, Liu F, Li M, Wang X, Wu M, Tian Z, Sun H, Song X. Eucommia ulmoides bark extract reduces blood pressure and inflammation by regulating the gut microbiota and enriching the Parabacteroides strain in high-salt diet and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967649. [PMID: 36060766 PMCID: PMC9434109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major threat to human health. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) is a small tree and EU extract is widely used to improve hypertension in East Asia. However, its major constituents have poor absorption and stay in the gut for a long time. The role of the gut microbiota in the anti-hypertensive effects of EU is unclear. Here, we examined the anti-hypertensive effects of EU in high-salt diet and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced mice. After receiving EU for 6 weeks, the blood pressure was significantly reduced and the kidney injury was improved. Additionally, EU restored the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A, and renal IL-17A. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were influenced by administration of EU; 40 significantly upregulated and 107 significantly downregulated amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified after administration of EU. ASV403 (Parabacteroides) was selected as a potential anti-hypertensive ASV. Its closest strain XGB65 was isolated. Furthermore, animal studies confirmed that Parabacteroides strain XGB65 exerted anti-hypertensive effects, possibly by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as renal IL-17A. Our study is the first to report that EU reduces blood pressure by regulating the gut microbiota, and it enriches the Parabacteroides strain, which exerts anti-hypertensive effects. These findings provide directions for developing novel anti-hypertensive treatments by combining probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenhao Si
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanhang Chen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yahan Chang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yidan Lu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Moyu Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minna Wu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Sun,
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xiangfeng Song,
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Zeng CY, Wang XF, Hua FZ. HIF-1α in Osteoarthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927126. [PMID: 35865944 PMCID: PMC9294386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common age-related joint degenerative disease. Pain, swelling, brief morning stiffness, and functional limitations are its main characteristics. There are still no well-established strategies to cure osteoarthritis. Therefore, better clarification of mechanisms associated with the onset and progression of osteoarthritis is critical to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Chondrocytes exist in a hypoxic environment, and HIF-1α plays a vital role in regulating hypoxic response. HIF-1α responds to cellular oxygenation decreases in tissue regulating survival and growth arrest of chondrocytes. The activation of HIF-1α could regulate autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, decrease inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and regulate the chondrocyte extracellular matrix environment. Moreover, it could maintain the chondrogenic phenotype that regulates glycolysis and the mitochondrial function of osteoarthritis, resulting in a denser collagen matrix that delays cartilage degradation. Thus, HIF-1α is likely to be a crucial therapeutic target for osteoarthritis via regulating chondrocyte inflammation and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of hypoxia in the pathogenic mechanisms of osteoarthritis, and focus on a series of therapeutic treatments targeting HIF-1α for osteoarthritis. Further clarification of the regulatory mechanisms of HIF-1α in osteoarthritis may provide more useful clues to developing novel osteoarthritis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Feng Wang, ; Fu-Zhou Hua,
| | - Fu-Zhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Feng Wang, ; Fu-Zhou Hua,
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Agnuside mitigates OVA-LPS induced perturbed lung homeostasis via modulating inflammatory, autophagy, apoptosis-fibrosis response and myeloid lineages in mice model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108579. [PMID: 35144202 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Attributes of agnuside, a nontoxic, iridoid glycoside have been advocated for inflammatory disorders. However, information on its efficacy in alleviating allergic asthma largely remain ambiguous and yet to be deciphered. Present study aimed to assess efficacy of agnuside in targeting vicious circle of oxi-inflammation, autophagy and fibrosis, together with investigating its underlying molecular mechanism during OVA-LPS induced allergic asthma. Results revealed that agnuside showed prophylactic effect in assuaging asthmatic lung architecture impairment (p ≤ 0.01) as indicated by suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, fibrosis, airway remodeling and alveolar collapse in OVA-LPS sensitized group. Decreased expression level (p ≤ 0.05) of allergic inflammatory mediators such as IgE, Th1/Th2, IL-4/IFN-γ, IL-4/IL-10, chemokines, endopeptidases and TGF-β, Smad2/4, Caspase9/3, connexin 43/50 observed in agnuside treatments. Analysis of redox molecular signaling cascade and autophagic proteins revealed concurrent upregulation in p-NF-κB, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-p38, p-Stat3 activation, GATA3, LC3B expression and reduction in Bcl2/Bax, Beclin1 and p62 expression in sensitized mice (p ≤ 0.05) which were intensely counteracted by administration of agnuside. Suppression in myeloid cells activation and augmentation (p ≤ 0.001) of Tregs established modulatory attribute of agnuside for innate and adaptive immune response during allergic asthma. Collectively, these outcomes confer prophylactic attribute of agnuside and signify it as promising strategy to thwart allergic asthma.
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Chen X, Wang X, Ma L, Fang S, Li J, Boadi EO, He J, Gao XM, Wang Y, Chang YX. The network pharmacology integrated with pharmacokinetics to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of absorbed components from Viticis fructus extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114336. [PMID: 34139282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viticis fructus (VF) has been widely used in alleviating the swelling and pain, owning to its pharmacologically active components including agnuside, 10-O-vanilloylaucubin, luteolin and casticin. AIM OF THE STUDY The pharmacokinetic profiles of the absorbed components from aqueous and ethanolic extracts of VF in rat plasma were performed, and explored the molecular mechanisms of absorbed components via network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to identify the absorbed components from rat plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used to purify the plasma samples. Plasma pharmacokinetics parameters of the components absorbed were analyzed after oral administration of both extracts. Network pharmacology was used to predict the biological functions and potential signaling pathways of VF. The anti-cancer effects of VF extract and absorbed components have been confirmed by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The method was very sensitive with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1.0, 2.5, 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL for agnuside, 10-O-vanilloylaucubin, luteolin and casticin, respectively. With the exception of 10-O-vanilloylaucubin which was not detected in the ethanolic extract of VF, all other components were detected in both extracts in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the four components from rat plasma were significantly different between the two extracts. According to the results of network pharmacology, the absorption components of VF are enriched in 32 key pathways, and 15 pathways are related to cancer. Ultimately, the anti-cancer effects, as well as the signaling pathways of VF ethanolic extract and absorbed components were verified by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION The optimized, sensitive and validated UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the plasma pharmacokinetics comparison analysis of the two VF extracts. The combination of network pharmacology and pharmacokinetics provides a useful method to elucidate the biological effects and molecular mechanism of the absorbed components of VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Evans Owusu Boadi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Agnuside Alleviates Synovitis and Fibrosis in Knee Osteoarthritis through the Inhibition of HIF-1 α and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5534614. [PMID: 33814979 PMCID: PMC7987448 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in chronic aseptic inflammation and is related to tissue fibrosis. Our last study also revealed the vital role of NLRP3 inflammasome, highly associated with tissue hypoxia, in the onset and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this study, we tried to find a possible benign intervention for that pathological process. Agnuside (AGN), a nontoxic, natural small molecule isolated from the extract of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae), has been demonstrated to have antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, and many other properties as an iridoid glycoside, although its specific target is still unclear. Therefore, we established MIA-induced KOA model rats and investigated the effects of AGN oral gavage on oxygen-containing state, NLRP3 inflammasome, synovitis, and fibrosis in KOA. Pimonidazole staining and HIF-1α immunohistochemical assay both showed that AGN at the oral dose of 6.25 mg/kg can effectively relieve local hypoxia in synovial tissue. Besides, we observed a decrease of HIF-1α, caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3 after AGN intervention, both in the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, rats treated with the AGN showed less inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, not only in the expression of NLRP3, inflammasome downstream factors IL-1β and IL-18, and fibrosis markers TGF-β, TIMP1, and VEGF but also in the observation of HE staining, anatomical characteristics, Sirius Red staining, and type I collagen immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we established LPS-induced models of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) mimicking the inflammatory environment of KOA and activating NLRP3 inflammasome. FLSs treated with AGN (3 μM) resulted in a downregulation of HIF-1α and the components required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, the content of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in FLS supernatant was also reduced by AGN. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of the fibrotic markers were significantly decreased after AGN management. To conclude, this study demonstrates that AGN alleviates synovitis and fibrosis in experimental KOA through the inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, not only does it reveal some novel targets for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of AGN but also announces its potential value in treating KOA in humans.
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VanderMolen KM, Naciff JM, Kennedy K, Otto-Bruc A, Shan Y, Wang X, Daston GP, Mahony C. Incorporation of in vitro techniques for botanicals dietary supplement safety assessment - Towards evaluation of developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111539. [PMID: 32645467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As complex mixtures, botanicals present unique challenges when assessing safe use, particularly when endpoint gaps exist that cannot be fully resolved by existing toxicological literature. Here we explore in vitro gene expression as well receptor binding and enzyme activity as alternative assays to inform on developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) relevant modes of action, since DART data gaps are common for botanicals. Specifically, botanicals suspected to have DART effects, in addition to those with a significant history of use, were tested in these assays. Gene expression changes in a number of different cell types were analysed using the connectivity mapping approach (CMap) to identify modes of action through a functional read across approach. Taken together with ligand affinity data obtained using a set of molecular targets customised towards known DART relevant modes of action, it was possible to inform DART risk using functional analogues, potency comparisons and a margin of internal exposure approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M VanderMolen
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Centre, 8700 Mason - Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Jorge M Naciff
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Centre, 8700 Mason - Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Kevin Kennedy
- Eurofins Discovery, Bioanalytical, St Charles, MO, USA
| | | | - Yuqing Shan
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Centre, 8700 Mason - Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Centre, 8700 Mason - Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - George P Daston
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Centre, 8700 Mason - Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Catherine Mahony
- Procter & Gamble Technical Centre, Whitehall Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9AW, UK.
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8
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Wang C, Gong X, Bo A, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zang E, Zhang C, Li M. Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2020; 25:E287. [PMID: 31936853 PMCID: PMC7024201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoids are a class of active compounds that widely exist in the plant kingdom. In recent years, with advances in phytochemical research, many compounds with novel structure and outstanding activity have been identified. Iridoid compounds have been confirmed to mainly exist as the prototype and aglycone and Ι and II metabolites, by biological transformation. These metabolites have been shown to have neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the new structures and activities of iridoids identified locally and globally, and explains their pharmacokinetics from the aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion according to the differences in their structures, thus providing a theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of iridoids and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Xue Gong
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Agula Bo
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China;
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
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9
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Bilia AR, Piazzini V, Risaliti L, Vanti G, Casamonti M, Wang M, Bergonzi MC. Nanocarriers: A Successful Tool to Increase Solubility, Stability and Optimise Bioefficacy of Natural Constituents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4631-4656. [PMID: 30381065 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181101110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are fascinating molecules in drug discovery for their exciting structure variability and also for their interaction with various targets. Drugs multi-targeting effect represents a more realistic approach to develop successful medications for many diseases. However, besides a large number of successful in vitro and in vivo studies, most of the clinical trials fail. This is generally related to the scarce water solubility, low lipophilicity and inappropriate molecular size of natural compounds, which undergo structural instability in biological milieu, rapid clearance and high metabolic rate. Additionally, some molecules are destroyed in gastric juice or suffer to a massive pre-systemic metabolism in the liver, when administered orally, limiting their clinical use. A reduced bioavailability can also be linked to drug distribution/accumulation in non-targeted tissues and organs that increase the side effects lowering the therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Nanomedicine represents a favourable tool to increase bioavailability and activities of natural products. Generally, nanovectors provide a large surface area and can overcome anatomic barriers. Each nanovector has its own advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics. In this review, different nanocarriers made of compounds which are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for the delivery of natural products, marketed as food supplements and medicines are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Vieri Piazzini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Risaliti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vanti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Casamonti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuquan Road 88, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50121, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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10
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Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis—An update covering 2011–2016. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:211-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Medvedovici A, Bacalum E, David V. Sample preparation for large-scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Elena Bacalum
- Research Institute; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
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Non-Targeted Secondary Metabolite Profile Study for Deciphering the Cosmeceutical Potential of Red Marine Macro Alga Jania rubens—An LCMS-Based Approach. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Determination and pharmacokinetics of engeletin in rat plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28622617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Engeletin, a bioactive flavonoid, has attracted much attention recently by virtue of its multiple biological (anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory) activities. Despite signifying many therapeutic applications researches indicating quantification or pharmacokinetics of engeletin in biological matrix are still lacking. Here, a simple, sensitive, accurate and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach for the quantification of engeletin in rat plasma was developed and fully validated for the first time. Plasma samples were processed with acetonitrile by a single step protein precipitation and the separation was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 Rapid Resolution High Definition column with a gradient acetonitrile-water mobile phase. Quantification of engeletin was carried out by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative ionization. Results revealed that the approach was linearity from 5 to 5000ng/mL (r2=0.9937) and proved to be precise (better than 12.3%) and accurate (-3.3%-5.2%). The developed approach was successfully employed to pharmacokinetic study of engeletin following peroral and intravenous administration to rats. The results of pharmacokinetics demonstrated rapid engeletin absorption (Tmax of 15min) after oral administration, extensive distribution after three different dosages and an absolute bioavailability of ∼1.53%. The developed method and pharmacokinetic data can provide a meaningful basis for further studies on engeletin.
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Bhateria M, Rachumallu R, Yerrabelli S, Saxena AK, Bhatta RS. Insight into stereoselective disposition of enantiomers of a potent antithrombotic agent, S002-333 following administration of the racemic compound to mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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