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UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS assay for quantification of endocannabinoids in cerebrospinal fluid using surrogate calibrant and surrogate matrix approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang Y, Hao Z, Pan L. Evaluation of multiple hydrophilic interaction chromatography columns and surrogate matrix for arginine quantification in saliva by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3580-3593. [PMID: 34405941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine, a pivotal ingredient in many biochemical synthetic pathways, can be used as a biomarker for many oral care clinical applications. It is still a challenge to develop a sensitive and reliable chromatographic method to quantify arginine as a biomarker in saliva, with or without arginine product pretreatment. The current method solved two critical issues for arginine quantitation in human saliva. The first issue was how to optimize arginine peak shape. A hydrophilic interaction chromatography method based on the column selection, pH and pKa relationship, mobile phase ionic strength, organic solvent consideration, and temperature effects was developed. An optimized chromatographic condition for arginine quantitation in the saliva matrix was obtained. The second issue was how to build confidence in the use of a simple surrogate matrix methodology to replace the more complex traditional standard addition methodology. The surrogate matrix methodology we developed is applicable to the measurement of arginine as a potential non-invasive biomarker in human saliva. The method detection and quantification limit reached 2 and 6 ng/mL. The tailing factor was within the 0.9-1.1 range even though arginine had three pKa values at 2.18, 9.09, and 13.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhigang Hao
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Jang SI, Eom HY, Hwang JH, Kim L, Lee JH. Simultaneous Quantification of 3'- and 6'-Sialyllactose in Rat Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041177. [PMID: 33671827 PMCID: PMC7926300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL), an acidic oligosaccharide, has immune-protective effects against pathogens and helps with the development of the immune system and intestinal microorganisms. To elucidate the pharmacokinetic characterization after oral administration to rats, the simultaneous quantification method for 3'-SL and 6'-SL in rat plasma was validated, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in an electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Several types of columns [C18, amide, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) phase] were used to separate the peaks of 3'-SL and 6'-SL, which improved chromatographic selectivity. Ultimately, the HILIC phase column had a good peak shape and quick resolution, with a mobile phase comprising ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile obtained by gradient elution. In addition, the simultaneous quantification of 3'-SL and 6'-SL in rat plasma samples were adequately applied to pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-In Jang
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
| | - Han Young Eom
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, Daejeon 53212, Korea;
| | - Lila Kim
- GeneChem Inc., A-501, 187 Techno 2-ro, Daejeon 34025, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8092
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Eom HY, Jang SI, Hwang JH, Kim L, Kang JS, Lee JH. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method of analyzing 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in minipig plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113827. [PMID: 33358084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL) is an acidic oligosaccharide, consisting of a combination of sialic acid and lactose. It is found in human milk. It has immune-protective effects against pathogens in newborns and helps with the development of the immune system and intestinal microorganisms. We developed and validated a method by which 3'-SL and 6'-SL levels were simultaneously analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the materials after systemic delivery to minipigs. To improve chromatographic selectivity, several types of columns (C18, amide, and HILIC phase) were used to separate the peaks of 3'-SL and 6'-SL. Ultimately the HILIC phase column was selected, as it had a good peak shape and quick resolution. The mobile phase comprised ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile with gradient elution. MS was performed in the negative ion and multiple reaction monitoring modes. Plasma samples were prepared using the protein precipitation method with methanol. A surrogate matrix was used for quantification because SLs are endogenous plasma compounds. The method developed was validated according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance. A pharmacokinetic study was performed with intravenous administration of 3'-SL and 6'-SL in minipigs (Sus scrofa/Yucatan). The concentrations of 3'-SL and 6'-SL were readily measurable in the plasma samples, which suggests that the method adequately determined systemic exposure in minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Eom
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-In Jang
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Lila Kim
- GeneChem Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34025, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical Method for 3′- and 6′-Sialyllactose in Minipig Liver and Kidney Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Analysis of Tissue Distribution. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235721. [PMID: 33287423 PMCID: PMC7731434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), including sialyllactose (SL). SL is composed of sialic acid and lactose, and is divided into 3′-SL and 6′-SL according to the binding position. SL has immunoprotective effects against bacteria and viruses, and acts as a probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method for simultaneous analysis of 3′-SL and 6′-SL in liver and kidney tissues of Yucatan minipigs using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) under conditions optimized in our previous study. LC-MS/MS was performed using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A surrogate matrix method using water was applied for analysis of endogenous SL. The developed method was validated with regard to selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, the matrix effect, recovery, parallelism, dilution integrity, carryover, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. We performed a tissue distribution study of minipigs, and analyzed liver and kidney tissues using the developed method to determine the tissue distribution of 3′-SL and 6′-SL. The tissue concentrations of 3′-SL and 6′-SL were readily measurable, suggesting that the method would be useful for evaluating the tissue distributions of these compounds in minipigs.
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Pyaram A, Rampilla M, Deore J, Sengupta P. Challenges and Strategies for Quantification of Drugs in the Brain: Current Scenario and Future Advancement. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:93-105. [PMID: 32687414 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1791041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The site of action of centrally acting drugs lies inside the brain and therefore, needs to reach the brain to exert their therapeutic efficacy. Discovery and development process of such types of drugs demands their quantification in brain to establish the dose, study pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and optimize the overall efficacy. Moreover, some drugs of other categories also have potential to cross blood-brain barrier resulting in various adverse events by acting centrally. However, the collection of a matrix to analyze the amount of drugs present in brain is highly challenging. In this review, we have summarized different bioanalytical strategies to quantitate drugs inside the brain. A detailed discussion on various in vivo and in vitro techniques for monitoring drugs inside the brain has been incorporated. In addition, various sampling techniques have been discussed in brief with case studies. Therefore, this review can guide the researcher to choose appropriate bioanalytical techniques for analyzing drugs in brain depending upon the specific need and quantification threshold considering the commonly associated difficulties of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Pyaram
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Madhuri Rampilla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Jayshri Deore
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
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Blanco ME, Mayo OB, Bandiera T, De Pietri Tonelli D, Armirotti A. LC-MS/MS analysis of twelve neurotransmitters and amino acids in mouse cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108760. [PMID: 32428622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, analytical investigation of neuroactive molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rodent models has been limited to rats, given the intrinsic anatomic difficulties related to mice sampling and the corresponding tiny amounts of CSF obtained. This poses a challenge for the research in neuroscience, where many, if not most, animal models for neuronal disorders rely on mice. NEW METHOD We introduce a new, sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS method to analyze a panel of twelve neuroactive molecules (NM) from mouse CSF (aspartic acid, serine, glycine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine and its metabolite 1-metylhistamine). The paper describes the sampling procedure that allows the collection of 1-2 microliters of pure CSF from individual mouse specimens. RESULTS To test its applicability, we challenged our method on the field, by sampling 37 individual animals, thus demonstrating its strength and reliability. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared to other methods, our procedure does not involve any extraction nor derivatization steps: samples are simply diluted and analyzed as such by LC-MS/MS, using a dedicated ion pairing agent in the chromatographic setup. The panel of neuroactive molecules that is analyzed in a single run is also significantly higher compared to other methods. CONCLUSIONS Given the number of mouse models used in the neuroscience research, we believe that our work will pave new ways to more advanced research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Encarnación Blanco
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; D3-Pharmachemistry, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Olga Barca Mayo
- Neuro miRNA Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3-Pharmachemistry, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Armirotti
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Analytical Chemistry and In-vivo Pharmacology Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Virág D, Király M, Drahos L, Édes AE, Gecse K, Bagdy G, Juhász G, Antal I, Klebovich I, Dalmadi Kiss B, Ludányi K. Development, validation and application of LC-MS/MS method for quantification of amino acids, kynurenine and serotonin in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113018. [PMID: 31851908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Altered serotonergic neurotransmission is a key factor in several neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as migraine. Human and animal studies suggest that chronically low interictal serotonin levels of plasma and brain may facilitate increased activity of the trigeminovascular pathway, and may contribute to development of repeated migraine attacks. However, brain serotonin synthesis is affected by the concentration of tryptophan, its metabolites and a number of amino acids. In this work a simple and robust LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, serotonin and kynurenine in human plasma has been developed and validated. Sample preparation was achieved by protein precipitation, using trifluoroacetic acid. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Supelco Ascentis® Express C18 column (3.0 mm i.d. × 150 mm, 2.7 μm) equipped with an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 guard-column under isocratic conditions at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, over a 6.5 min run time. Mobile phase was 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid - acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). The eight analytes and two internal standards were ionized by positive electrospray ionization and detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode. A "fit-for-purpose" validation approach was adopted using surrogate matrix for the preparation of calibration samples. The calibration curves of all analytes showed excellent linearities with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.998 or better. Spiked surrogate matrix samples and pooled human plasma were used as quality control samples. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 11.8% and 14.3%, and accuracies were within the ranges of 87.4-114.3% and 87.7-113.3%, respectively. Stability of the components in standard solutions, surrogate matrix, pooled plasma and processed samples were found to be acceptable under all relevant conditions. No significant carryover effect was observed. The surrogate matrix behaved parallel to human plasma when assessed by standard addition method and diluting the authentic matrix with surrogate matrix. The method was successfully applied for analysis of 800 human plasma samples to support a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Virág
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - Márton Király
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Andrea Edit Édes
- SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Kinga Gecse
- SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - György Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhász
- SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - Imre Klebovich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - Borbála Dalmadi Kiss
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ludányi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest H-1092, Hungary.
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Sun N, Wu Y, Zhao L, He H, Mei D, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang X. A rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of endogenous creatine biosynthesis precursors in plasma of children with viral myocarditis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:148-156. [PMID: 31039544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 4 of amino acids, guanidinoacetic acid, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in human plasma was developed and validated. The method requires no tedious sample preparation, derivatization reagents or ion-pairing reagents. Samples were prepared by combining plasma with a chilled mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water, followed by centrifugation and diluting the supernatant with 2 volumes of water. Analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring using a positive scan mode with electrospray ionization (ESI). In the assay, all the analytes showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99). The accuracy expressed in relative error (RE) was between -5.0% and 13.2%, and the precision expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.6% to 14.7%. In the two spiked levels (low and high), the averaged recoveries of analytes were between 45.0% and 110.9% and the recovery of internal standard was 92.0%. This method was successfully applied to studying the concentration changes of endogenous creatine (Cr) synthesis precursors in the plasma of children with viral myocarditis after intravenous administration of phosphocreatine (PCr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Huan He
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Shuyv Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China.
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A Metabonomics Investigation into the Therapeutic Effects of BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules on Reversing the Amino Acid-Protein Interaction Network of Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7258624. [PMID: 31015890 PMCID: PMC6446104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7258624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Amino acids (AAs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play a pivotal role in cerebral ischemia (CI). BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules (BNC) are widely prescribed in Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Methods In order to investigate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of BNC on reversing CI from a system level, an amino acid-protein interaction imbalanced network of CI containing metabolites of AAs, key regulatory enzymes, and proteins was constructed for the first time. Furthermore, a novel method for detecting the ten AAs in CSF was developed by UPLC-QQQ-MS in an effort to validate the imbalanced networks and the therapeutic effects of BNC via analysis of metabolites. Results Based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, the dynamic levels of amino acids in CSF 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after MCAO were analyzed. Up to 24 h, the accumulated nine AA biomarkers were found to significantly change in the MCAO group compared to the sham group and exhibited an obvious tendency for returning to baseline values after BNC treatment. In addition, based on the imbalanced network of CI, four key enzymes that regulate the generation of BNC-mediated AA biomarkers were selected and validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Finally, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) was found to be one of the putative targets for BNC-mediated protection against CI. Conclusion This study provides new strategies to explore the mechanism of cerebral ischemia and help discover the potential mechanism of BNC.
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Development and validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of ibrutinib and its dihydrodiol-metabolite in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1093-1094:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Barca-Mayo O, Pons-Espinal M, Follert P, Armirotti A, Berdondini L, De Pietri Tonelli D. Astrocyte deletion of Bmal1 alters daily locomotor activity and cognitive functions via GABA signalling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14336. [PMID: 28186121 PMCID: PMC5309809 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are controlled by a network of clock neurons in the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Core clock genes, such as Bmal1, are expressed in SCN neurons and in other brain cells, such as astrocytes. However, the role of astrocytic clock genes in controlling rhythmic behaviour is unknown. Here we show that ablation of Bmal1 in GLAST-positive astrocytes alters circadian locomotor behaviour and cognition in mice. Specifically, deletion of astrocytic Bmal1 has an impact on the neuronal clock through GABA signalling. Importantly, pharmacological modulation of GABAA-receptor signalling completely rescues the behavioural phenotypes. Our results reveal a crucial role of astrocytic Bmal1 for the coordination of neuronal clocks and propose a new cellular target, astrocytes, for neuropharmacology of transient or chronic perturbation of circadian rhythms, where alteration of astrocytic clock genes might contribute to the impairment of the neurobehavioural outputs such as cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barca-Mayo
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- NetS3 Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Philipp Follert
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Berdondini
- NetS3 Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide De Pietri Tonelli
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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