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Stress degradation study on entrectinib and characterization of its degradation products using HRMS and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114459. [PMID: 34768159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Entrectinib is a potent inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. It is designated as an orphan drug. There exists no report of comprehensive degradation profiling of the drug in the literature. Therefore, the present study focused on establishment of its stress degradation chemistry under hydrolytic (acidic, alkaline, neutral), oxidative (H2O2), photolytic and thermal conditions. For the purpose, the stressed solutions were subjected to HPLC studies on a C8 column by employing a gradient elution method, in which acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate were used as the mobile phase components. The results showed that entrectinib was labile to alkaline, H2O2, and photoneutral conditions in the solution state. The drug proved to be stable under acidic, solid-state photolytic, and thermal conditions. A total of sixteen degradation products were formed, which were characterized with the help of high resolution mass spectrometry, and in one case additional help was taken of 1D and -2D NMR data. The knowledge of the structures of the degradation products helped in establishment of degradation pathway of the drug and the involved mechanisms. Also, the toxicity profile of the drug and its degradation products was predicted using ADMET Predictor™ software, which indicated mutagenic potential of atleast five degradation products.
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Ladumor MK, Paudel A, Modhave D, Sharma S, Balhara A, Singh DK, Ramalingam M, Shah R, Pavankumarraju S, Kurmi M, Mariappan TT, Bhutani H, Prasad B. A Tribute to Professor Saranjit Singh - A Critical Thinker, Innovator, Mentor, and Educator. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1224-1231. [PMID: 34699842 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This commentary presents contributions and accomplishments of Professor Saranjit Singh, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India, to pharmaceutical research and education. Prof. Singh completed his successful tenure in October 2021. Over his 40+ years of illustrious academic career, he trained 147 Masters and 15 PhD students in the fields of drug stability testing, degradation chemistry, impurity and metabolite characterization, and advanced analytical technologies. He has published ∼250 research articles, reviews, editorials, patent, book, and book chapters, and received numerous awards, including the Professor M.L. Khorana Memorial Lecture Award from the Indian Pharmaceutical Association (IPA) and the Outstanding Analyst and Eminent Analyst awards from the Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association (IDMA). This commentary highlights Prof. Singh's inspiring personal and renowned professional journey, including early life, education, career, accomplishments, as well as his services to academia, industry, and regulatory. By sharing the contributions and accomplishments of Prof. Singh, we strongly believe that his story will inspire the next generation of scientists to continue his legacy to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur K Ladumor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dilip K Singh
- Sandoz Development Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ravi Shah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Moolchand Kurmi
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Synegene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - T Thanga Mariappan
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Synegene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India; Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Hemant Bhutani
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA.
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Lavra ZMM, de Medeiros FPM, da Silva RMF, Rosa TA, Wanderley Sales VDA, Barros Silva LCPB, de Sousa ALMD, de Lima LG, Rolim LA, Neto PJR. Formulation, Development and Scale-Up of Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets Containing Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine. Curr HIV Res 2019; 17:360-367. [DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190927162155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The development of antiretroviral associations in a single dosage form aims
to ensure improved efficacy, low costs and better adherence to treatment.
Objective:
This work performed the pharmacotechnical development, coating, and stability studies
of fixed-dose combination tablets of zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine (300 + 200 + 150 mg,
respectively).
Methods:
Qualitative and quantitative planning of diluents (101 and 250 microcrystalline cellulose,
spray-dried monohydrate lactose and corn starch) and coating polymers (Opadry white II HP® and
Instacoat Aqua Moistshield II®) were analyzed, and direct compression (DC) and wet granulation
(WG) methods were tested aiming the development of the pharmaceutical form. Quality control was
carried out according to the specifications set by official compendia. The chosen formulation was
scaled-up and the industrial batches were submitted to accelerated and long-term stability studies.
Results:
The batches obtained by WG met the requirements, using 101 microcrystalline cellulose,
corn starch and Opadry white II HP®
as excipients. The DC trial was not possible due to the need of
a greater ratio of excipients to improve formulation properties.
Conclusion:
Thus, this study brings a new therapeutic alternative for HIV treatment, contributing to
the development of another possibility to simplify drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zênia Maria Maciel Lavra
- Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs - Ministry of Health, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rosali Maria Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Talita Atanazio Rosa
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Pharmacy Collegiate, Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
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Bhayani D, Naik H, Nathaniel TN, Khan S, Mehta P. Simulated space radiation: Investigating ionizing radiation effects on the stability of amlodipine besylate API and tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104982. [PMID: 31276739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious pharmaceuticals with the adequate shelf life are essential for the well-being of the space explorers and successful completion of a space mission. Space is brimming with different types of radiations, which penetrate inside the spacecraft despite the shielding material. Such radiations can alter the stability of the pharmaceuticals during long duration space missions. The literature reporting the space radiation effects on the pharmaceuticals is scarce in a public domain. Ground-based simulation studies can be useful to predict the influence of the space radiations on the stability of the pharmaceuticals. Based upon these facts, the main objective of the present preliminary work was to investigate the effect of different types of ionizing radiations on the stability of amlodipine besylate API and tablets. Amlodipine besylate samples were irradiated by protons, neutrons (thermal and fast), gamma and heavy ion (56Fe) radiations with their different doses. The samples were also irradiated with UV-visible radiation to compare the effect of selected ionizing radiations with photodegradation. The physical stability was examined through organoleptic evaluation and the chemical stability was evaluated by FTIR and HPLC. The results of the organoleptic evaluation showed colour changes from colourless to yellow in proton irradiated solid API and gamma irradiated API aqueous solution. The FTIR spectrum of proton irradiated API showed one additional absorption band at 1728 cm-1 due to degradation products. HPLC analysis revealed that amlodipine degraded up to 10% and 21% after the highest doses of proton and gamma irradiation, respectively. No physical or chemical changes were observed after neutron and 56Fe irradiation. The structures of major radiolytic products were elucidated using LC-MS/MS. Two new impurities were found in the API aqueous solution as a result of gamma irradiation. The drug degradation pathways were postulated by proposing the plausible mechanism of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Bhayani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Haladhara Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T Newton Nathaniel
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Priti Mehta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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