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De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Bartolini M, Davani L, Andrisano V. Advanced analytical methodologies in Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heider F, Pantsar T, Kudolo M, Ansideri F, De Simone A, Pruccoli L, Schneider T, Goettert MI, Tarozzi A, Andrisano V, Laufer SA, Koch P. Pyridinylimidazoles as GSK3β Inhibitors: The Impact of Tautomerism on Compound Activity via Water Networks. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1407-1414. [PMID: 31620226 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is involved in many pathological conditions and represents an attractive drug target. We previously reported dual GSK3β/p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and identified N-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (1) as a potent dual inhibitor of both target kinases. In this study, we aimed to design selective GSK3β inhibitors based on our pyridinylimidazole scaffold. Our efforts resulted in several novel and potent GSK3β inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. 5-(2-(Cyclopropanecarboxamido)pyridin-4-yl)-4-cyclopropyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (6g) displayed very good kinase selectivity as well as metabolical stability and inhibited GSK3β activity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Interestingly, we observed the importance of the 2-methylimidazole's tautomeric state for the compound activity. Finally, we reveal how this crucial tautomerism effect is surmounted by imidazole-2-carboxamides, which are able to stabilize the binding via enhanced water network interactions, regardless of their tautomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatu Pantsar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS 95900-00, Brazil
| | - Marcia Inês Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS 95900-00, Brazil
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Tan R, Cheng H, Li H, Tu Y. Clinical Chemistry Route for Investigation of Alzheimer's Disease: A Label-Free Electrochemiluminescent Biosensor for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3758-3768. [PMID: 31322849 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for the detection of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). A simple and feasible sensor was prepared by a two-step process. A polymeric coordination layer of phosphorylated poly vinyl with Zr4+ was used as the sensory hosting matrix because it efficiently formed a complex. The exterior Zr4+ can further combine with another phosphate through coordination, and GSK-3β catalyzes the phosphorylation of protein molecules. Thus, the biosensor can detect GSK-3β using luminol as an ECL probe. The ECL intensity of the proposed sensor responded proportionally to the concentration of GSK-3β under direct immersion mode with a linear response in a logarithmic scale over the wide range from 0.5 to 91.5 ng L-1 and a detection limit of 0.055 ng L-1. Excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility were achieved using the prepared biosensor, which has a simple preparation, low cost, and disposable suitability. This work aims to provide a novel tool for early diagnosis and pathological mechanism exploration about AD by detecting inchoate change of GSK-3β content in body fluid, thus to precaution the risk of Alzheimer's disease. It is of great importance for clinical chemistry for the investigation of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Wei M, Liu Y, Pi Z, Yue K, Li S, Hu M, Liu Z, Song F, Liu Z. Investigation of plasma metabolomics and neurotransmitter dysfunction in the process of Alzheimer's disease rat induced by amyloid beta 25-35. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18308-18319. [PMID: 35515227 PMCID: PMC9064735 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the major diseases endangering the health of the elderly. Clarifying the features of each AD animal model is valuable for understanding the onset and progression of diseases and developing potential treatments in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we aimed to clarify plasma metabolomics and neurotransmitter dysfunction in the process of AD model rat induced by amyloid beta 25-35 (Aβ 25-35). Firstly, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was used to investigate cognitive impairment in AD rat after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of modelling. Based on this, the effects on levels of AD-related enzymes and eight neurotransmitters were analyzed. And plasma metabolomics analysis based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to research the metabolic disturbances in the process of AD rat. The results shown the injury on the spatial learning ability of AD rats was gradually aggravated within 4 weeks, reached the maximum at 4 weeks and then was stable until 8 weeks. During 8 weeks of modeling, the levels of enzymes including β-secretase, γ-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were significant increased in the plasma of AD rats. The neurotransmitter dysfunction was mainly involved in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetyl choline (Ach), glutamic acid (Glu), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). 17 endogenous metabolites correlated with AD were successfully detected in the metabolomics analysis. These metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acids, sphingolipids, and sterols metabolisms, vitamin metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These metabolites might be the potential biomarkers that correctly mark different stages of AD. The study on peripheral plasma indices reflecting the process of AD laid the foundation for understand the pathophysiology of AD and find an effective and radical cure. And the rules of endogenous metabolic disorder in AD rats also have a certain guiding significance for the future study of food–drug interactions at different stages of AD. The cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease (AD) related enzymes, neurotransmitters and endogenous metabolites shown a dynamic change in AD model rat induced by amyloid beta 25-35.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Kexin Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shizhe Li
- Guangdong Univ Technol
- Inst Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci
- Guangzhou 510006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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