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Pyo A, Yun M, Song B, Kwon SY, Min JJ, Kim DY. Synthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled procainamide as a PET imaging agent for malignant melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129528. [PMID: 37852422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has an aggressive nature and a high metastatic propensity resulting in the highest mortality rate of any skin cancer. In this study, we synthesized 18F-labeled procainamide (PCA) for detection of melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET), and evaluated its biological characteristics. The non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-PCA was 10-15% and its in vitro stability was over 98% for 2 h. At 1 h, cellular uptake of 18F-PCA was 3.8-fold higher in a group with the presence of l-tyrosine than in a non-l-tyrosine-treated group. Furthermore, 18F-PCA permitted visualization of B16F10 (mouse melanoma) xenografts on microPET after intravenous injection, and was retained in the tumor for 60 min, with a high tumor-to-liver uptake ratio. 18F-PCA showed specific melanoma uptake in primary lesions with a high melanin targeting ability in small animal models. 18F-PCA may have potential as a PET imaging agent for direct melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Pyo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Yun
- Hygenic Safety-Material Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreum Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Young Kwon
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Trencsényi G, Enyedi KN, Mező G, Halmos G, Képes Z. NGR-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Angiogenesis Imaging: A Preclinical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12675. [PMID: 37628856 PMCID: PMC10454655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumour progression and metastatic spread; therefore, the development of specific vectors targeting angiogenesis has attracted the attention of several researchers. Since angiogenesis-associated aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is highly expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells of new blood vessels and a wide range of tumour cells, it holds great promise for imaging and therapy in the field of cancer medicine. The selective binding capability of asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif containing molecules to APN/CD13 makes radiolabelled NGR peptides promising radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive, real-time imaging of APN/CD13 overexpressing malignancies at the molecular level. Preclinical small animal model systems are major keystones for the evaluation of the in vivo imaging behaviour of radiolabelled NGR derivatives. Based on existing literature data, several positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radioisotopes have been applied so far for the labelling of tumour vasculature homing NGR sequences such as Gallium-68 (68Ga), Copper-64 (64Cu), Technetium-99m (99mTc), Lutetium-177 (177Lu), Rhenium-188 (188Re), or Bismuth-213 (213Bi). Herein, a comprehensive overview is provided of the recent preclinical experiences with radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.E.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.E.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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3
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Képes Z, Hajdu I, Fenyvesi F, Trencsényi G. Insights into recent preclinical studies on labelled cyclodextrin-based imaging probes: towards a novel oncological era. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122978. [PMID: 37121492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As malignancies remain one of the major health concerns worldwide, increasing focus has been centered around the application of cyclodextrins (CDs) in cancer imaging and therapy due to their outstanding inclusion forming capability. Albeit the physicochemical properties of CDs were intensively elucidated, the spread of their clinical application is limited by the relative paucity of knowledge about their pharmacokinetic profile, especially biodistribution. Studies applying fluorescently- CDs, or CD-based MRI contrast agents revealed much about pharmacokinetics and diagnostic applications; however, derivatives labelled with positron emitters seem superior molecular probes in the investigation of the route of CDs in biological niche. In vivo imaging based on preclinical tumor-bearing model systems are well-suited to evaluate the whole-body distribution of the two most frequently assessed CDs: randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). Exploiting the firm signaling interaction between cancer-related cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and RAS oncoprotein, radioconjugated, PGE2-affine CDs project the establishment of novel imaging probes and therapeutic agents. Currently, we provide an overview of the preclinical studies on CD pharmacokinetics highlighting the significance of the integration of translational discoveries into human patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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Lambidis E, Lumén D, Koskipahta E, Imlimthan S, Lopez BB, Sánchez AIF, Sarparanta M, Cheng RH, Airaksinen AJ. Synthesis and ex vivo biodistribution of two 68Ga-labeled tetrazine tracers: Comparison of pharmacokinetics. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:151-161. [PMID: 35680503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pretargeted PET imaging allows the use of radiotracers labeled with short-living PET radionuclides for tracing drugs with slow pharmacokinetics. Recently, especially methods based on bioorthogonal chemistry have been under intensive investigation for pretargeted PET imaging. The pharmacokinetics of the radiotracer is one of the factors that determine the success of the pretargeted strategy. Here, we report synthesis and biological evaluation of two 68Ga-labeled tetrazine (Tz)-based radiotracers, [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PEG4-Tz ([68Ga]4) and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG4-Tz ([68Ga]6), aiming for development of new tracer candidates for pretargeted PET imaging based on the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) ligation between a tetrazine and a strained alkene, such as trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Excellent radiochemical yield (RCY) was obtained for [68Ga]4 (RCY > 96%) and slightly lower for [68Ga]6 (RCY > 88%). Radiolabeling of HBED-CC-Tz proved to be faster and more efficient under milder conditions compared to the DOTA analogue. The two tracers exhibited excellent radiolabel stability both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, [68Ga]4 was successfully used for radiolabeling two different TCO-functionalized nanoparticles in vitro: Hepatitis E virus nanoparticles (HEVNPs) and porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Lambidis
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Dave Lumén
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Elina Koskipahta
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Brianda B Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
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5
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Dénes N, Kis A, Szabó JP, Jószai I, Hajdu I, Arató V, Enyedi KN, Mező G, Hunyadi J, Trencsényi G, Kertész I. In vivo preclinical assessment of novel 68Ga-labelled peptides for imaging of tumor associated angiogenesis using positron emission tomography imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109778. [PMID: 34004593 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation and growth of metastases require a new vascular network. Angiogenesis plays an essential role in the expansion and progression of most malignancies. A high number of molecular pathways regulate angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), αvβ3 integrin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), or aminopeptidase N. The aim of this study is to involve new, easily accessible peptide sequences into the of neo-angiogenesis in malignant processes. Labelling of these peptide ligands with 68Ga enable PET imaging of neo-vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Dénes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kis
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jószai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hunyadi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Standardization of the [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 Radiolabeling Protocol in an Automatic Synthesis Module: Assessments for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050385. [PMID: 33918987 PMCID: PMC8142994 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a glycoprotein present in the prostate, that is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, PSMA-directed radiopharmaceuticals have been developed, allowing the pinpointing of tumors with the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. The aim of the present work was to standardize and validate an automatic synthesis module-based radiolabeling protocol for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, as well as to produce a radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of PCa malignancies. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was evaluated to determine the radiochemical purity (RCP), stability in saline solution and serum, lipophilicity, affinity to serum proteins, binding and internalization to lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cells, and ex vivo biodistribution in mice. The radiopharmaceutical was produced with an RCP of 99.06 ± 0.10%, which was assessed with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The product was stable in saline solution for up to 4 h (RCP > 98%) and in serum for up to 1 h (RCP > 95%). The lipophilicity was determined as -3.80 ± 0.15, while the serum protein binding (SPB) was <17%. The percentages of binding to LNCaP cells were 4.07 ± 0.51% (30 min) and 4.56 ± 0.46% (60 min), while 19.22 ± 2.73% (30 min) and 16.85 ± 1.34% (60 min) of bound material was internalized. High accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was observed in the kidneys, spleen, and tumor, with a tumor-to-contralateral-muscle ratio of >8.5 and a tumor-to-blood ratio of >3.5. In conclusion, an automatic synthesis module-based radiolabeling protocol for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was standardized and the product was evaluated, thus verifying its characteristics for PET imaging of PCa tumors in a clinical environment.
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Klika KD, Da Pieve C, Kopka K, Smith G, Makarem A. Synthesis and application of a thiol-reactive HBED-type chelator for development of easy-to-produce Ga-radiopharmaceutical kits and imaging probes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1722-1726. [PMID: 33527964 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In radiopharmaceutical syntheses, maleimide is commonly used for linking thiol-bearing bioactive molecules to metal-complexing ligands (chelators). However, due to instability of the resulting linkage, phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone (PODS) was developed as an alternative to maleimide. This coupling strategy has never been attempted with HBED which is a powerful chelator for gallium-radiolabeling especially at ambient temperature. Here we present HBED-CC-PODS as a bifunctional chelator scaffold for the site-selective conjugation of thiol-bearing vectors and [68Ga]Ga-radiolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel D Klika
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Structure Analysis, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Graham Smith
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ata Makarem
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Kis A, Dénes N, Szabó JP, Arató V, Jószai I, Enyedi KN, Lakatos S, Garai I, Mező G, Kertész I, Trencsényi G. In vivo assessment of aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) specificity of different 68Ga-labelled NGR derivatives using PET/MRI imaging. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119881. [PMID: 32946975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) plays an important role in neoangiogenic process in malignancies. Our previous studies have already shown that 68Ga-labelled NOTA conjugated asparagine-glycine-arginine peptide (c[KNGRE]-NH2) specifically bind to APN/CD13 expressing tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the APN/CD13 specificity of newly synthesized 68Ga-labelled NGR derivatives in vivo by PET/MRI imaging using hepatocellular carcinoma (He/De) and mesoblastic nephroma (Ne/De) tumor models. PET/MRI and ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed 11 ± 1 days after subcutaneous injection of tumor cells and 90 min after intravenous injection of 68Ga-NOTA-c(NGR), 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR), 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) (MG1) or 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) (MG2). The APN/CD13 selectivity was confirmed by blocking experiments and the APN/CD13 expression was verified by immunohistochemistry. 68Ga-labelled c(NGR) derivatives were produced with high specific activity and radiochemical purity. In control animals, low radiotracer accumulation was found in abdominal and thoracic organs. Using tumor-bearing animals we found that the 68Ga-NOTA-c(NGR), 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR), and 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) (MG1) derivatives showed higher uptake in He/De and Ne/De tumors, than that of the accumulation of 68Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) (MG2). APN/CD13 is a very promising target in PET imaging, however, the selection of the appropriate 68Ga-labelled NGR-based radiopharmaceutical is critical for the precise detection of tumor neo-angiogenesis and for monitoring the efficacy of anticancer therapy.
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Key Words
- (68)Ga
- Aminopeptidase N
- Angiogenesis
- CD13
- CID: 2796029, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt)
- CID: 3036142, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)
- CID: 33032, L-Glutamic acid
- CID: 5962, L-Lysine
- CID: 6228, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
- CID: 6267, L-Asparagine
- CID: 6322, L-Arginine
- CID: 6422, triflouroacetic acid (TFA)
- CID: 750, Glyicine
- NGR
- PET/MRI imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Kis
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Noémi Dénes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jószai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Lakatos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Scanomed LTD, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Abstract
With the emergence of new therapeutic modalities, the diagnosis of melanoma at the earliest practicable stage has become more important for improving the survival of patients. We developed a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]DMPY2) and evaluated diagnostic performance in animal models. [18F]DMPY2 PET exhibited excellent performance in detecting primary and metastatic melanomas, demonstrating strong/prolonged tumoral uptake and rapid background clearance. This suggests that this radiotracer could be used as a novel PET imaging agent to obtain outstanding image quality in the diagnosis of melanoma. This is the pioneering report of pyridine-based benzamide derivative with reduced alkyl chains in the amine residue and ultrasensitive detection of melanoma lesions in living subjects compared to conventional PET imaging agents. Malignant melanoma has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Clinical staging of the disease at the time of diagnosis is very important for the prognosis and outcome of melanoma treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the 18F-labeled pyridine-based benzamide derivatives N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]DMPY2) and N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6-[18F]fluoronicotinamide ([18F]DMPY3) to detect primary and metastatic melanoma at an early stage and evaluated their performance in this task. [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were synthesized by direct radiofluorination of the bromo precursor, and radiochemical yields were ∼15–20%. Cell uptakes of [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were >103-fold and 18-fold higher, respectively, in B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells than in negative control cells. Biodistribution studies revealed strong tumor uptake and retention of [18F]DMPY2 (24.8% injected dose per gram of tissue [ID/g] at 60 min) and [18F]DMPY3 (11.7%ID/g at 60 min) in B16F10 xenografts. MicroPET imaging of both agents demonstrated strong tumoral uptake/retention and rapid washout, resulting in excellent tumor-to-background contrast in B16F10 xenografts. In particular, [18F]DMPY2 clearly visualized almost all metastatic lesions in lung and lymph nodes, with excellent image quality. [18F]DMPY2 demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-liver ratio than [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and the previously reported benzamide tracers N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]P3BZA) and N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-4-[18F]fluorobenzamide ([18F]FBZA) in B16F10-bearing or SK-MEL-3 (human melanoma)-bearing mice. In conclusion, [18F]DMPY2 might have strong potential for the diagnosis of early stage primary and metastatic melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET).
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11
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Kumar P, Tripathi SK, Chen CP, Wickstrom E, Thakur ML. Evaluating Ga-68 Peptide Conjugates for Targeting VPAC Receptors: Stability and Pharmacokinetics. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:130-139. [PMID: 29802552 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the use of gallium-68 labeled receptor-specific peptides for imaging oncologic diseases. The objective was to examine the stability and pharmacokinetics of [68Ga]NODAGA and DOTA-peptide conjugate targeting VPAC [combined for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)] receptors on tumor cells. PROCEDURES A VPAC receptor-specific peptide was chosen as a model peptide and conjugated to NODAGA and DOTA via solid-phase synthesis. The conjugates were characterized by HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Following Ga-68 chelation, the radiochemical purity of Ga-68 labeled peptide conjugate was determined by radio-HPLC. The stability was tested against transmetallation using 100 nM Fe3+/Zn2+/Ca2+ ionic solution and against transchelation using 200 μM DTPA solution. The ex vivo and in vivo stability of the Ga-68 labeled peptide conjugate was tested in mouse plasma and urine. Receptor specificity was determined ex vivo by cell binding assays using human breast cancer BT474 cells. Positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, tissue distribution, and blocking studies were performed in mice bearing BT474 xenografts. RESULTS The chemical and radiochemical purity was greater than 95 % and both conjugates were stable against transchelation and transmetallation. Ex vivo stability at 60 min showed that the NODAGA-peptide-bound Ga-68 reduced to 42.1 ± 3.7 % (in plasma) and 37.4 ± 2.9 % (in urine), whereas the DOTA-peptide-bound Ga-68 was reduced to 1.2 ± 0.3 % (in plasma) and 4.2 ± 0.4 % (in urine) at 60 min. Similarly, the in vivo stability for [68Ga]NODAGA-peptide was decreased to 2.1 ± 0.2 % (in plasma) and 2.2 ± 0.4 % (in urine). For [68Ga]DOTA-peptide, it was decreased to 1.4 ± 0.3 % (in plasma) and 1.2 ± 0.4 % (in urine) at 60 min. The specific BT474 cell binding was 53.9 ± 0.8 % for [68Ga]NODAGA-peptide, 25.8 ± 1.4 % for [68Ga]-DOTA-peptide, and 18.8 ± 2.5 % for [68Ga]GaCl3 at 60 min. Inveon microPET/CT imaging at 1 h post-injection showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher tumor to muscle (T/M) ratio for [68Ga]NODAGA-peptide (3.4 ± 0.3) as compared to [68Ga]DOTA-peptide (1.8 ± 0.6). For [68Ga]GaCl3 and blocked mice, their ratios were 1.5 ± 0.6 and 1.5 ± 0.3 respectively. The tissue distributions data were similar to the PET imaging data. CONCLUSION NODAGA is superior to DOTA in terms of radiolabeling kinetics. The method of radiolabeling was reproducible and yielded higher specific activity. Although both agents have relatively low in vivo stability, PET/CT imaging studies delineated BC tumors with [68Ga]NODAGA-peptide, but not with [68Ga]DOTA-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- Departments of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sushil K Tripathi
- Departments of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C P Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Eric Wickstrom
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Departments of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH Suite 359, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. .,Departments of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Makarem A, Klika KD, Litau G, Remde Y, Kopka K. HBED-NN: A Bifunctional Chelator for Constructing Radiopharmaceuticals. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7501-7508. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ata Makarem
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, INF 223, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karel D. Klika
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Structure Analysis, INF 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - German Litau
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, INF 223, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Remde
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, INF 223, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, INF 223, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Hajdu I, Angyal J, Szikra D, Kertész I, Malanga M, Fenyvesi É, Szente L, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I, Váradi J, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vasvári G, Rusznyák Á, Trencsényi G, Fenyvesi F. Radiochemical synthesis and preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-labeled NODAGA-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (68Ga-NODAGA-HPBCD). Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pyo A, Kim HS, Kim HS, Yun M, Kim DY, Min JJ. N-(2-(Dimethylamino)Ethyl)-4- 18F-Fluorobenzamide: A Novel Molecular Probe for High-Contrast PET Imaging of Malignant Melanoma. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:924-929. [PMID: 30552204 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.221416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive and serious form of skin cancer, with prognosis and treatment outcome depending heavily on the clinical stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Here, we synthesized a novel 18F-labeled benzamide derivative to target melanoma and then evaluated its biologic characteristics in small-animal models. Methods: N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-4-18F-fluorobenzamide (18F-DMFB) was synthesized by reaction of N-succinimidyl 4-18F-fluorobenzoate with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine. The binding affinity of 18F-DMFB was measured in B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells with or without l-tyrosine. Small-animal PET imaging with 18F-DMFB was performed on B16F10 xenograft and metastasis mouse models. Results: The overall non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-DMFB was approximately 10%-15%. Uptake of 18F-DMFB was melanin-specific, as cellular uptake in B16F10 increased more than 18-fold in the presence of l-tyrosine. Biodistribution studies revealed that 18F-DMFB accumulated, and was retained, in B16F10 xenografts for 120 min (10, 30, 60, and 120 min: 9.24, 10.80, 13.0, and 10.59 percentage injected dose/g, respectively) after radiotracer injection. Liver uptake of 18F-DMFB decreased from 10 to 120 min and showed fast clearance (10, 30, 60, and 120 min: 11.19, 5.7, 2.47, and 0.4 percentage injected dose/g). Furthermore, 18F-DMFB allowed visualization of metastatic lesions immediately after injection and was retained in lesions for over 60 min, with a high tumor-to-background ratio. Conclusion: 18F-DMFB demonstrated a high melanin-targeting ability and tumor-specific tumor uptake in both primary and metastatic lesions in animal models bearing malignant melanoma. 18F-DMFB may be a potential PET imaging agent for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Pyo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeon Sik Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Misun Yun
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo Q, Cai W. PET and SPECT imaging of melanoma: the state of the art. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:132-150. [PMID: 29085965 PMCID: PMC5700861 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to rise worldwide. 18F-FDG PET imaging has transformed diagnostic nuclear medicine and has become an essential component in the management of melanoma, but still has its drawbacks. With the rapid growth in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, a variety of promising probes that enable early diagnosis and detection of melanoma have been developed. The substantial preclinical success of melanin- and peptide-based probes has recently resulted in the translation of several radiotracers to clinical settings for noninvasive imaging and treatment of melanoma in humans. In this review, we focus on the latest developments in radiolabeled molecular imaging probes for melanoma in preclinical and clinical settings, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Quanyong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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