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Schierscher T, Salzmann L, Singh N, Bachmann M, Bauland F, Geistanger A, Risch L, Geletneky C, Seger C, Taibon J. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of carbamazepine in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1301-1313. [PMID: 38095314 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) was developed and validated to accurately measure serum and plasma concentrations of carbamazepine. METHODS Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the absolute content of the reference material, ensuring its traceability to SI units. The separation of carbamazepine from potential interferences, whether known or unknown, was achieved using a C18 column. A protein precipitation protocol followed by a high dilution step was established for sample preparation. Assay validation and determination of measurement uncertainty were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), and the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). In order to demonstrate equivalence to the already existing RMP a method comparison study was performed. RESULTS The RMP was proven to be highly selective and specific with no evidence of a matrix effect, allowing for quantification of carbamazepine within the range of 0.800-18.0 μg/mL. Intermediate precision and repeatability (n=60 measurements) was found to be <1.6 % and <1.3 % over all concentration levels and independent from the matrix. The relative mean bias ranged from -0.1 to 0.6 % for native serum and from -0.3 to -0.1 % for Li-heparin plasma levels. The measurement uncertainties for single measurements and target value assignment were found to be <1.8 % and <1.3 %, respectively. Method comparison showed a good agreement between the Joint Committee of Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) listed RMP and the candidate RMP resulting in a Passing-Bablok regression equation with a slope of 1.01 and an intercept of -0.01. The bias in the patient cohort was found to be 0.9 %. CONCLUSIONS We present a novel LC-MS/MS-based candidate RMP for carbamazepine in human serum and plasma which provides a traceable and reliable platform for the standardization of routine assays and evaluation of clinically relevant samples.
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Karas LK, Patterson C, Fuller ZJ, Karschner EL. Automated extraction and LC-MS-MS analysis of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol isomers and prevalence in authentic urine specimens. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:197-203. [PMID: 38581658 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THCCOOH) is the most frequently detected illicit drug metabolite in the military drug testing program. An increasing number of specimens containing unresolved Δ8-THCCOOH prompted the addition of this analyte to the Department of Defense drug testing panel. A method was developed and validated for the quantitative confirmation of the carboxylated metabolites of Δ8- and Δ9-THC in urine samples utilizing automated pipette tip dispersive solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Analytes were separated isocratically over an 8.5-min runtime and detected on an MS-MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source operated in negative mode. A single point calibrator (15 ng/mL) forced through zero demonstrated linearity from 3 to 1,000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were ≤9.1%, and bias was within ±14.1% for Δ8-THCCOOH and Δ9-THCCOOH. No interferences were found after challenging the method with different over-the-counter drugs, prescription pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and several cannabinoids and cannabinoid metabolites, including Δ10-THCCOOH. Urine specimens presumptively positive by immunoassay (n = 2,939; 50 ng/mL Δ9-THCCOOH cutoff) were confirmed with this analytical method. Δ8-THCCOOH and Δ9-THCCOOH were present together above the 15 ng/mL cutoff in 33% of specimens. However, nearly one-third of the specimens analyzed were positive for Δ8-THCCOOH only. This manuscript describes the first validated automated extraction and confirmation method for Δ8- and Δ9-THCCOOH in urine that provides adequate analyte separation in urine specimens with extreme isomer abundance ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K Karas
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Courtney Patterson
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Zachary J Fuller
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Erin L Karschner
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Division of Forensic Toxicology, Dover AFB, 115 Purple Heart Drive, Dover, DE 19902, USA
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3
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Hrichi H, Kouki N, Elkanzi NAA. Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of the Antipsychotic Drug Clozapine and Its Major Metabolites: A Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae016. [PMID: 38576210 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ), a second-generation antipsychotic, can effectively reduce schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression symptoms. This review provides an overview of all reported chromatographic methods (62 references) for the quantification of CLZ and its two main metabolites, norclozapine and clozapine N-oxide in pharmaceutical formulations, biological matrices and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Hrichi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Kouki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Isabella Cestaro B, Cavalcanti Machado K, Batista M, José Gonçalves da Silva B. Hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction for determination of fluoxetine in human serum by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124018. [PMID: 38286102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a personalized care tool based on the determination of a target drug concentration in human serum. An antidepressant drug of interest for such investigations is fluoxetine (FXT), due to a severe impact of genetic polymorphisms on its metabolism. A bioanalytical method employed for TDM purposes must exhibit satisfactory selectivity and detectability, which becomes more difficult due to highly complex biological matrices. In this study, a highly selective bioanalytical method for the determination of FXT in human serum is proposed, which provides excellent clean-up efficiency based on a low cost hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) sample preparation step and nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-LC-HRMS). HF-LPME was performed using a two-phase "U" configuration, with 6 cm fiber, 20 µL of 1-octanol acting as supported liquid membrane, and ammonium hydroxide (pH 10) as the donor phase with NaCl (10 % m/v) and methanol (5 % v/v) as additives, requiring only 250 µL of the sample. The procedure was conducted for 30 min under a 750 rpm stirring rate. Gradient elution was carried out employing an acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, the composition of 30:70 to 100:00 (v/v) for 15 min, using formic acid 0.1 % (v/v) as an additive. MS1 was acquired in an Orbitrap mass analyzer, while MS2 was acquired in a linear trap quadrupole. Satisfactory linearity (Pearson's r = 0.99709) was obtained for a concentration range of 0.02 to 2.5 µg mL-1, which is compatible with the therapeutic and toxic range for FXT. The developed method presents adequate precision (1.61 to 7.45 %) and accuracy (95 to 114 %) and allows the dilution of high concentration samples in a 1:4 ratio (v/v), enabling its application for forensic serum samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a method based on HF-LPME and nano-LC-HRMS with any analytical purpose, especially with a TDM focus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
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5
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Cardoso AT, Martins RO, Lanças FM, Chaves AR. Molecularly imprinted polymers in online extraction liquid chromatography methods: Current advances and recent applications. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341952. [PMID: 37996153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the primary objectives in green analytical practices is the seamless integration of extraction and separation steps, resulting in the augmentation of both analytical throughput and method performance. Consequently, the exploration of prospective sorbent materials has drawn significant attention in the scientific community, particularly concerning the potential for online procedures. Employing the optimal sorbent material within an automated analytical approach holds the promise of elevating the precision of the analytical evaluation. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) excel in specific analyte interaction within complex matrices. However, MIPs' full potential was not widely exploring especially for online analytical methodologies. RESULTS Here is presented a comprehensive overview of the current applications of MIPs as sorbent materials within integrated and automated separation methodologies applied to diverse matrices including biological, food, and environmental samples. Notably, their primary advantage, as evidenced in the literature, lies in their exceptional selectivity for the target analyte discussed according to the adopted synthesis protocol. Furthermore, the literature discussed here illustrates the versatility of MIPs in terms of modification with one or more phases which are so-called hybrid materials, such as molecularly imprinted monoliths (MIM), the molecularly imprinted ionic liquid polymer (IL-MIP), and restricted access to molecularly imprinted polymer (RAMIP). The reported advantages enhance their applicability in integrated and automated separation procedures, especially to the column switching methods, across a broader spectrum of applications. SIGNIFICANCE This revision aims to demonstrate the MIP's potential as a sorbent phase in integrated and automated methods, this comprehensive overview of MIP polymers in integrated and automated separation methodologies can be used as a valuable guide, inspiring new research on developing novel horizons for MIP applications to have their potential emphasized in analytical science and enhanced to the great analytical methods achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Timóteo Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Kul A, Sagirli O. A new method for the therapeutic drug monitoring of chlorpromazine in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1343-1354. [PMID: 37847049 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlorpromazine is the first antipsychotic drug developed and is included in the list of 'essential drugs' prepared by the WHO. Therapeutic drug monitoring is an important point for psychotropic drugs because of significant genetic variability in their metabolism and poor compliance of the patients with treatment. Method: We developed a novel GC-MS method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the therapeutic monitoring of chlorpromazine. Results: The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. The developed method's lower limit of quantification was set as 30 ng/ml. The calibration curve of chlorpromazine was validated between 30 and 600 ng/ml, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.99. Conclusion: The developed method was applied to real human patient plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Soares S, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. Solid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041055. [PMID: 37111541 PMCID: PMC10142207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring is an established practice for a small group of drugs, particularly those presenting narrow therapeutic windows, for which there is a direct relationship between concentration and pharmacological effects at the site of action. Drug concentrations in biological fluids are used, in addition to other clinical observation measures, to assess the patient's status, since they are the support for therapy individualization and allow assessing adherence to therapy. Monitoring these drug classes is of great importance, as it minimizes the risk of medical interactions, as well as toxic effects. In addition, the quantification of these drugs through routine toxicological tests and the development of new monitoring methodologies are extremely relevant for public health and for the well-being of the patient, and it has implications in clinical and forensic situations. In this sense, the use of new extraction procedures that employ smaller volumes of sample and organic solvents, therefore considered miniaturized and green techniques, is of great interest in this field. From these, the use of fabric-phase extractions seems appealing. Noteworthy is the fact that SPME, which was the first of these miniaturized approaches to be used in the early '90s, is still the most used solventless procedure, providing solid and sound results. The main goal of this paper is to perform a critical review of sample preparation techniques based on solid-phase microextraction for drug detection in therapeutic monitoring situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses-Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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8
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Olędzka I, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bączek T, Roszkowska A. Analytical aspects of sample handling during the quantification of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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9
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Green bioanalysis: an innovative and eco-friendly approach for analyzing drugs in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:881-909. [PMID: 35946313 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green bioanalytical techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the hazardous waste produced by bioanalytical technologies. A well-organized and practical approach towards bioanalytical method development has an enormous contribution to the green analysis. The selection of the appropriate sample extraction process, organic mobile phase components and separation technique makes the bioanalytical method green. UHPLC-MS is the best option, whereas supercritical fluid chromatography is one of the most effective green bioanalytical procedures. Nevertheless, there remains excellent scope for further research on green bioanalytical methods. This review details the various sample preparation techniques that follow green analytical chemistry principles. Furthermore, it presents green solvents as a replacement for conventional organic solvents and highlights the strategies to convert modern analytical techniques to green methods.
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10
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Roszkowska A, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bączek T, Olędzka I. Recent advancements in techniques for analyzing modern, atypical antidepressants in complex biological matrices and their application in biomedical studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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de Faria HD, Silveira AT, Carvalhodo Prado B, Nacif JLM, Rosa MA, da Rocha dos Santos J, Santos PCJL, Figueiredo EC, Martins I. ONLINE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE PREPARATION WITH RESTRICTED ACCESS HYBRID CARBON NANOTUBES FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTI-SMOKING DRUGS. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Carasek E, Morés L, Huelsmann RD. Disposable pipette extraction: A critical review of concepts, applications, and directions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Gan L, Zhao YG, Yu C, Ye ML, Lu Y, Xiao SM, Zhang Y. Nano-titania modified cupric-based metal–organic frameworks for the on-line pass-through cleanup of phenothiazine drugs and metabolites in human plasma. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SEM (A) and TEM (B) images of NTMCu-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Zhejiang University Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Cun Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ming-Li Ye
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | | | - Yun Zhang
- NingboTech. University, Ningbo 315100, China
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14
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Soares S, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. New Method for the Monitoring of Antidepressants in Oral Fluid Using Dried Spot Sampling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121284. [PMID: 34959684 PMCID: PMC8709135 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the consumption of antidepressants is a public health problem worldwide, as these are a class of compounds widely used in the treatment of several illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. This work aimed to develop and optimize a method for the quantification of a number of antidepressants and their metabolites (fluoxetine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, and paroxetine) in 100 µL of oral fluid using the dried saliva spots (DSS) sampling approach and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method was validated, presenting linearity within the studied range, with detection and quantification limits ranging between 10 and 100 ng/mL, and coefficients of determination (R2) of at least 0.99 for all analytes. Recoveries were between approximately 13 and 46%. The analysis of precision and accuracy presented acceptable coefficients of variation and relative errors, considering the criteria usually accepted in the validation of bioanalytical procedures. The method herein described is the first to be reported using DSS for the extraction of antidepressants, proving to be a sensitive, simple, and fast alternative to conventional techniques, and capable of being routinely applied in clinical and forensic toxicology scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-127-532-9002
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15
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Chen L, Wang J, Xu T, Feng X, Huang C, Shen X. Recent sample pretreatment methods for determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114364. [PMID: 34543943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), fluvoxamine (FLV) and citalopram (CIT) have been the first treatment drugs for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Quantitative analysis of SSRIs in biological samples is extremely needed in public health and clinical practice. During the analysis, sample pretreatment is an important step that can obtain an accurate quantitative analysis of SSRIs in the complex samples. The present paper discussed the recent development of sample preparation methods for SSRI analysis. Traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), which have been widely used in the separation of SSRIs in biological samples, were extensively presented. Moreover, the new sample preparation techniques including liquid phase microextraction (LPME), solid phase microextraction (SPME), electromembrane extraction (EME) and other miniaturized extraction techniques, which are becoming highly popular in SSRI analysis, were also critically reviewed. In this review, both the advantages and disadvantages of these sample pretreatment methods were addressed. As a summary, we prospected the challenges and promising directions for the future of sample pretreatment methods in SSRI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tyllis Xu
- Shanghai American School, 258 Jinfeng Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201107, China; Wuhan Egaotech Company Lmt., 9F, Building 3, Science and Technolge new energy Base, East Lake High-Tech District, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Su C, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Gu J, Wang E, Sun D. High-throughput and trace analysis of diazepam in plasma using DART-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application. Anal Biochem 2021; 635:114435. [PMID: 34715069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput quantitative analytical method based on Direct Analysis in Real Time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the determination of diazepam in rat plasma, whereby analyzing of each sample needs merely 25 μL plasma, simple solid phase extraction sample preparation and 15 s acquisition time. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions at m/z 285.2 → 193.1 and 316.0 → 270.0 were selected for the monitoring of diazepam and its internal standard clonazepam respectively. A good linearity within the range of 10-2000 ng/mL, an intra- and inter-day precisions within <7.78% as to an accuracy ranging from 1.04% to 7.92% have been achieved. The method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of diazepam in rats' plasma after a single intragastric administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results indicate that this method fulfills the requirements of the bioanalysis in sensitivity and accuracy. It shows considerable promise for application of DART-MS to the quantitative investigation of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, PR China
| | - Chong Su
- Zhuhai United Laboratories co.,LTD, PR China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yaoshuang Li
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, PR China
| | - Ensi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, PR China.
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17
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Turoňová D, Kujovská Krčmová L, Švec F. Application of microextraction in pipette tips in clinical and forensic toxicology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez JM. Dual mixed-mode poly (vinylpyridine-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)-based sorbent for acidic and basic drug extraction from oral fluid samples. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1167:338604. [PMID: 34049628 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a dual mixed-mode polymer sorbent was prepared via one-step thermally initiated polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (VP), methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of basic and acidic drugs. The use of VP and MAA as ionizable functional monomers allowed the tailoring of ion-exchange and hydrophobic features of the polymer. The obtained polymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Next, the retention behavior of dual mixed-mode polymer towards basic and acidic drugs was investigated. Moreover, the practical capability of this novel material was tested for the extraction of relevant drugs such as cocaine, 3-methylmethcathinone, and diazepam in oral fluid samples. Recovery values (at different spiked levels in blank oral fluid samples), ranging from 69 to 99%, and limits of detection (LODs), between 0.10 and 0.25 μg L-1, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Sorribes-Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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19
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He X, Sun T, Wang L, Jiang X. Pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction based on melamine-foam@polydopamine followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for detection of psychotropic drugs in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1163:122499. [PMID: 33388524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction (PT-μSPE) which packed by melamine-foam@polydopamine (MF@PDA) coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) was developed for extraction and determination of psychotropic drugs in serum samples. Considering the operation back pressure, the melamine-foam as carrier material with 3D cross-linked grid structure can provide high permeability and contact surface. MF@PDA was prepared by self-polymerization reaction of dopamine under weak alkaline conditions and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface group of PDA containing catechol structure, quinone structure and amine group has multi-interaction with psychotropic drugs which can increase the adsorption capacity. Moreover, the parameters affecting extraction efficiencies such as extraction and desorption cycle, pH value, eluent type, ionic strength and amount of sorbent were investigated. Based on the high sensitivity and accuracy mass measurement by TOF/MS, under the optimized extraction condition, the limits of detection (LOD) of this method were obtained in the range of 0.002-0.1 ng ml-1. The linearity was ranged from 0.01 ng ml-1 to 600 ng ml-1, and all the correlation coefficients (R2) were above 0.993. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 80.04% to 109.18% in real sample test and RSD values obtained from 0.95% to 9.85%. The results demonstrate that MF@PDA-PT-μSPE-UHPLC-QTOF is a sample and reliable method for the detection of psychotropic drugs in serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tangqiang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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20
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Li D, Xiong X, Zhuang S, Du Z, Xiong C, Jiang H. Preparation of bovine serum albumin restricted access octadecyl/phenyl-mixed-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles for magnetic solid phase extraction of antidepressants in aquatic products followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2021; 221:121458. [PMID: 33076080 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widespread in aquatic ecosystem, which may pose a potential threat to fish and human. In the study, a robust and reliable magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) restricted access octadecyl/phenyl-mixed-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (BSA-C18/Ph-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) as sorbent was developed for the extraction of venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline and diphenhydramine from the muscle extracts of aquatic products followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection. The homemade sorbent showed appropriate compatibility in aqueous solution and good performance in reducing matrix interference of snakehead muscle tissue extracts with absolute matrix effect ranging in 95.4%-105.5%. The protocol was validated in analyte-free snakehead muscle with favorable recoveries ranging in 91.6%-103.6% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 9.5%. Limits of detection (LODs) of the drugs were lower than 0.018 μg kg-1. Short-term drug-exposure experiments at low and high doses were conducted on snakeheads, and the measured contents of analytes were in the range 0.029-9.58 μg kg-1 with appropriate recoveries (90.0%-114.0%). The approach was extensively applied for the analysis of twelve species of market-sale aquatic products (total 37 samples), and up to 1.868 and 0.521 μg kg-1 of diphenhydramine and venlafaxine were measured, respectively. The approach shows remarkable potential in biological complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Simin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
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21
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Tan SC, Lee HK. Fully automated graphitic carbon nitride-based disposable pipette extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of six polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461824. [PMID: 33383240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated online emulsification-enhanced disposable pipette extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (EE-DPX-GC-MS) method has been developed for the extraction of six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from environmental waters. An in-house prepared material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was used as sorbent in a home-packed DPX device. The six PCBs studied include PCB 10, 28, 52, 153, 138 and 180. g-C3N4 was characterized successfully by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. As a C-N analogue of graphite, the two-dimensional structure of g-C3N4 allows rapid analyte adsorption and desorption to take place. With a significant number of nitrogen functionalities in g-C3N4, the material dispersed well in aqueous sample, increasing the active surface area of contact between the sorbent and the sample. When coupled with a pre-emulsification step, PCBs in each portion of sample could be efficiently extracted by g-C3N4 within 20 s of gentle turbulence. Under the most favorable conditions, the automated online EE-DPX-GC-MS method achieved wide dynamic working ranges with good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.998) for all analytes. Limits of detection ranging between 4.35 and 7.82 ng L-1 were attained, with enrichment factors of between 34 and 57 and relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra- and inter-day precision of ≤ 8.95% and ≤ 12.6%, respectively. Absolute recoveries were between 69.3% and 109%. The fully automated online EE-DPX-GC-MS approach was applied to industrial wastewaters and reservoir waters where good relative recoveries of PCBs of between 89.3% and 105% were obtained, with RSDs ≤ 11.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chieh Tan
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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22
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Tu X, Chen W. Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235703. [PMID: 33287211 PMCID: PMC7729831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main source of nutrients for the important pollinator honeybee, bee pollen is crucial for the health of the honeybee and the agro-ecosystem. In the present study, a new sample preparation procedure has been developed for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The neonicotinoid pesticides were extracted using miniaturized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (mini-SALLE), followed by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for the clean-up of analytes. Effects of DPX parameters on the clean-up performance were systematically investigated, including sorbent types (PSA, C18, and silica gel), mass of sorbent, loading modes, and elution conditions. In addition, the clean-up effect of classical dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) was compared with that of the DPX method. Results indicated that PSA-based DPX showed excellent clean-up ability for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The proposed DPX method was fully validated and demonstrated to provide the advantage of simple and rapid clean-up with low consumption of solvent. This is the first report of DPX method applied in bee pollen matrix, and would be valuable for the development of a fast sample preparation method for this challenging and important matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Tu
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Yee WLS, Drum CL. Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Loong Sherman Yee
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
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24
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Lu Z, Fang N, Zhang Z, Hou Z, Lu Z, Li Y. Residue analysis of fungicides fenpicoxamid, isofetamid, and mandestrobin in cereals using zirconium oxide disposable pipette extraction clean-up and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461004. [PMID: 32143875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a fast multiresidue method determining three novel fungicides fenpicoxamid, isofetamid, and mandestrobin in cereals was developed and validated for the first time using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted by QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology, and cleaned up using the disposable pipette extraction (DPX) tips containing primary secondary amine (PSA) and silica gel modified with zirconium oxide (Z-Sep) in less than 1 min. Linearity (r > 0.99) of three fungicides in the calibration range of 0.001-0.1 µg mL-1 was satisfactory. Mean recoveries (n = 15) from all matrices were between 84.8% and 100.3% as the corresponding intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10.6%. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) of all analytes in different matrices were defined at 0.01 mg kg-1. The results indicate this method can serve as a sensitive and rapid approach to monitoring contents of fenpicoxamid, isofetamid, and mandestrobin in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Ginseng and Antler Products, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Nan Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhongbei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Yueru Li
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Ginseng and Antler Products, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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25
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for four antidepressants and one metabolite in clinical plasma and urine samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 12:35-52. [PMID: 31849264 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended since common antidepressant combinations increase the risk of drug-drug interactions or overlapping toxicity. Materials & methods: A magnetic solid-phase extraction by using C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) as sorbent was proposed for rapid extraction of venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and sertraline from clinical plasma and urine samples followed by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS assay. Results: The synthesized C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs showed high magnetization and efficient extraction for the analytes. After cleanup by magnetic solid-phase extraction, no matrix effects were found in plasma and urine matrices. The analytes showed LODs among 0.15-0.75 ng ml-1, appropriate linearity (R ≥ 0.9990) from 2.5 to 1000 ng ml-1, acceptable accuracies 89.1-110.9% with precisions ≤11.0%. The protocol was successfully applied for the analysis of patients' plasma and urine samples. Conclusion: It shows high potential in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clinical biological samples.
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26
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Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Neto ES, Nazario CED, Lanças FM. New materials in sample preparation: Recent advances and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers for chlorpromazine and bromopromazine prepared by multi-step swelling and polymerization method—The application for the determination of chlorpromazine and its metabolites in rat plasma by column-switching LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:248-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Jia W, Shi L, Zhang F, Chang J, Chu X. High-throughput mass spectrometry scheme for screening and quantification of flavonoids in antioxidant nutraceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460408. [PMID: 31378531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant nutraceuticals functional characteristic science is a challenging field for combining sensitivity and comprehensiveness. A untargeted screening and quantification method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry has been developed for determination of multiple classes of flavonoids in eight-three nutraceuticals samples. The data acquisition is based on a non-target approach of sequential full scan and variable data independent acquisition of twenty consecutive fragmentation events. The flavonoids include flavanols, flavones, flavanones, anthocyanidins, flavonols and isoflavones. A processing strategy is introduced to implementing filtering methods based on data feature extraction, common ion selection, shoulder peak removal, response threshold adjustment, mass shift and characteristic structural fragments evaluation. Confirmation is based on both accurate mass and isotopic assignment of standards, and further quantification is achieved by fragmentation. This scheme allows in depth characterization of flavonoids with the entire fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China.
| | - James Chang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA, United States.
| | - Xiaogang Chu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China.
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Schizophrenia: recent advances in LC-MS/MS methods to determine antipsychotic drugs in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:215-231. [PMID: 30663320 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating and costly illnesses worldwide. First-generation antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol succeeded in controlling the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but had significant extrapyramidal effects that led to the search for new agents and the release of second-generation (or atypical) antipsychotics. These drugs had a lower risk of adverse motor symptoms. Therapeutic drug monitoring has become a useful tool to optimize schizophrenia treatment and HPLC-MS/MS has been considered the primary technique to monitor antipsychotics. This review comprises three sections: schizophrenia pathophysiology and treatment; recent advances in LC-MS/MS methods designed to measure levels of antipsychotics and their metabolites in plasma samples (selectivity, matrix effect and sensitivity); and the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring.
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30
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Mafra G, Spudeit D, Brognoli R, Merib J, Carasek E. Expanding the applicability of cork as extraction phase for disposable pipette extraction in multiresidue analysis of pharmaceuticals in urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Determination of Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, and Sulpiride in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:5807218. [PMID: 30245722 PMCID: PMC6139205 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5807218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective In this study, turbo-ion spray as an interface of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed for sensitive and accurate quantification of chlorpromazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, olanzapine, risperidone, and sulpiride in plasma samples. Methods Separation was performed by gradient reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase containing ammonium formiate 2 mM, pH 2.7, and acetonitrile flowing through a Restek PFP Propyl C18 analytical column (50 mm×2.1 mm i.d.) with particle size of 5 µm, at a flow rate of 800 µL/min. Positive ion fragments were detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample preparation was achieved by solid phase extraction (SPE) (Oasis HLB). Results Mean extraction recoveries ranged from 82.75% to 100.96%. The standard calibration curves showed an excellent linearity, covering subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic ranges. Intraday and interday validation using quality control (QC) samples were performed. The inaccuracy and imprecision were below 12% at all concentration levels. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for all analytes were under therapeutic ranges for all tested analytes. Thus, the proposed method was sensitive enough for the detection and determination of subtherapeutic levels of these antipsychotics in plasma samples. No interference of endogenous or exogenous molecules was observed and no carryover effects were recorded. Conclusion According to the results, the proposed method is simple, specific, linear, accurate, and precise and can be applied for antipsychotic analysis in clinical routine. This method was applied for the determination of the tested antipsychotics in plasma samples taken from 71 individuals.
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32
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An effective and high-throughput analytical methodology for pesticide screening in human urine by disposable pipette extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Corazza G, Merib J, Magosso HA, Bittencourt OR, Carasek E. A hybrid material as a sorbent phase for the disposable pipette extraction technique enhances efficiency in the determination of phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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