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Henderson A, Heaney LM, Rankin-Turner S. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for drug and toxin analysis: A review of the recent literature. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38326879 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) is a form of mass spectrometry whereby analyte ionisation occurs outside of a vacuum source under ambient conditions. This enables the direct analysis of samples in their native state, with little or no sample preparation and without chromatographic separation. The removal of these steps facilitates a much faster analytical process, enabling the direct analysis of samples within minutes if not seconds. Consequently, AIMS has gained rapid popularity across a diverse range of applications, in particular the analysis of drugs and toxins. Numerous fields rely upon mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of drugs, including clinical diagnostics, forensic chemistry, and food safety. However, all of these fields are hindered by the time-consuming and laboratory-confined nature of traditional techniques. As such, the potential for AIMS to resolve these challenges has resulted in a growing interest in ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis. Since the early 2000s, forensic science, diagnostic testing, anti-doping, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis and food safety have all seen a marked increase in AIMS applications, foreshadowing a new future for drug testing. In this review, some of the most promising AIMS techniques for drug analysis will be discussed, alongside different applications of AIMS published over a 5-year period, to provide a summary of the recent research activity for ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Henderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Liu S, Xu W, Zhai Y. Swab-in-Capillary Electrospray Ionization and a Miniature Mass Spectrometer for In Situ Drug Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16987-16995. [PMID: 37948617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ analysis of drugs has been in increasing demand in many fields. As an updated version of capillary-in-capillary electrospray ionization (CC-ESI) developed previously, a disposable swab-in-capillary electrospray ionization (SC-ESI) source was designed in this study. With a micro medical swab for sampling and an integrated filter membrane for online filtration, SC-ESI was able to directly sample and MS analyze complex samples without the need for pretreatment. Coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer, SC-ESI was applied for direct analysis of effective ingredients in therapeutic drugs (in tablet, capsule, and liquid droplet) and drugs in saliva and quantitation of therapeutic drugs in blood. The limits of detection in absolute amounts were obtained as 1 ng for fentanyl and 0.5 ng for cocaine in saliva. Combining with an internal standard method, SC-ESI acquired linear quantitation ranges of 100-5000 ng/mL for imatinib in whole blood and 100-2000 ng/mL for clozapine in serum with high accuracies and precisions. The entire analysis process, from sampling to data acquisition, can be completed in less than 2 min. As demonstrated as a cheap, portable, and sampling-effective ionization source, SC-ESI has shown great potential for in situ drug analysis, especially in border drug screening and clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Looby N, Roszkowska A, Yu M, Rios-Gomez G, Pipkin M, Bojko B, Cypel M, Pawliszyn J. In vivo solid phase microextraction for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacometabolomic fingerprinting of lung during in vivo lung perfusion of FOLFOX. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1195-1204. [PMID: 38024854 PMCID: PMC10657970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo lung perfusion (IVLP) is a novel isolated lung technique developed to enable the local, in situ administration of high-dose chemotherapy to treat metastatic lung cancer. Combination therapy using folinic acid (FOL), 5-fluorouracil (F), and oxaliplatin (OX) (FOLFOX) is routinely employed to treat several types of solid tumours in various tissues. However, F is characterized by large interpatient variability with respect to plasma concentration, which necessitates close monitoring during treatments using of this compound. Since plasma drug concentrations often do not reflect tissue drug concentrations, it is essential to utilize sample-preparation methods specifically suited to monitoring drug levels in target organs. In this work, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (in vivo SPME) is proposed as an effective tool for quantitative therapeutic drug monitoring of FOLFOX in porcine lungs during pre-clinical IVLP and intravenous (IV) trials. The concomitant extraction of other endogenous and exogenous small molecules from the lung and their detection via liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) enabled an assessment of FOLFOX's impact on the metabolomic profile of the lung and revealed the metabolic pathways associated with the route of administration (IVLP vs. IV) and the therapy itself. This study also shows that the immediate instrumental analysis of metabolomic samples is ideal, as long-term storage at -80 °C results in changes in the metabolite content in the sample extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Looby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German Rios-Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mauricio Pipkin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, TGH, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, TGH, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Mirabelli MF. Direct Coupling of SPME to Mass Spectrometry. EVOLUTION OF SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY 2023:290-314. [DOI: 10.1039/bk9781839167300-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction devices are normally analyzed by gas or liquid chromatography. Their use has become increasingly widespread since their introduction in 1990, and nowadays most analytical laboratories use or have used SPME as an efficient and green method to perform analyte extraction and sample clean-up in one step. The SPME technique is intrinsically flexible, and allows for a high degree of optimization with regard to the extracting phase, as well as the way sample is analyzed. Since its introduction, researchers have been trying different ways to transfer analytes extracted from the solid phase to a mass spectrometer, with the aim to increase throughput and reduce solvent, gas usage and costs associated with conventional chromatographic techniques. Furthermore, but not less important, for pure fun of developing new, more efficient and sensitive analytical strategies! This chapter aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the most relevant non-chromatographic mass spectrometric approaches developed for SPME. Technical aspects of each SPME-MS approach will be discussed, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages and future potential developments. Particular emphasis will be given on the most recent direct coupling approaches using novel ionization approaches, and a concise overview of the existing applications will also be provided.
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5
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Rickert D, Gómez-Ríos GA, Singh V, Pawliszyn J. Understanding the effect of spatial positioning of coated blade spray devices relative to the mass spectrometry inlet on different instrument platforms and its application to quantitative analysis of fentanyl and related analogs. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9388. [PMID: 36039809 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We evaluated the effect that the spatial positioning of coated-blade spray (CBS) devices with respect to the mass spectrometry (MS) inlet has when coupling to diverse MS platforms (i.e., triple quadrupole, linear ion trap and time of flight). Furthermore, as a proof of concept, we evaluated CBS-MS as a tool for quantitation of fentanyl and four analogues on said instruments. METHODS Custom-made MS interfaces were made to accurately position the blade in front of the MS inlet. CBS devices, coated with hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced particles, were used for both the optimization of the CBS position and the quantitation of fentanyl and analogues in urine and plasma samples on all instruments. RESULTS The SCIEX triple quadrupole instrument was the most sensitive to the position of the blade due to the presence of a curtain gas flowing laminarly out of the MS inlet. After optimization, the analytical capabilities of CBS on each instrument were assessed and the results obtained on both SCIEX and Waters platforms matched the performance obtained using a more advanced instrument by ThermoFisher Scientific. Furthermore, excellent figures of merit were attained for the quantitation of fentanyl and analogues on both triple quadrupole and linear ion trap platforms. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that optimization of MS parameters on different instrument vendors and front ends, such as the position of the CBS tip regarding the MS inlet, is vital to exploit the full quantitative potential of this technology. Application of the technology to screen and quantify fentanyl and analogues showed great potential when considering its coupling with portable mass spectrometers for therapeutic drug monitoring and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Zhou W, Nazdrajić E, Pawliszyn J. Rapid Screening and Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse by Both Positive and Negative Modes via Coated Blade Spray-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1187-1193. [PMID: 35609124 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-direct mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be an efficient tool for the rapid screening and quantitation of target compounds at trace levels. However, it is challenging to perform screening using both positive and negative modes in one analytical run without compromising scanning speed and detection sensitivity. To take advantage of the special geometry of a coated blade spray (CBS) blade, which consists of two flat sides coated with the same SPME coating, we developed a CBS-MS method that enables desorption and ionization to be performed in positive ionization mode on one side of a coated blade and negative ionization mode on the other side of the same blade. By simply flipping the blade 180°, MS analysis in both ionization modes on different sides can be completed in 40 s. Combining this approach with an automated Concept 96-blade-based SPME system allowed analysis for one sample in positive and negative modes to be completed in less than 1 min. The workflow was optimized by using a biocompatible polyacrylonitrile as an undercoating layer and a binder of polyacrylonitrile/hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) particles, which enabled the rapid analysis of 20 drugs of abuse in saliva samples in both positive and negative modes. The proposed method provided low limits of quantification (between 0.005 and 10 ng/mL), with calibration linear correlation coefficients ⩾ 0.9925, accuracy between 72% and 126%, and relative precision < 15% for three validation points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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7
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Mohamed HM. Solventless Microextration Techniques for Pharmaceutical Analysis: The Greener Solution. Front Chem 2022; 9:785830. [PMID: 35096766 PMCID: PMC8792605 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.785830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made in the last decades to simplify the holistic sample preparation process. The idea of maximizing the extraction efficiency along with the reduction of extraction time, minimization/elimination of hazardous solvents, and miniaturization of the extraction device, eliminating sample pre- and posttreatment steps and reducing the sample volume requirement is always the goal for an analyst as it ensures the method’s congruency with the green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles and steps toward sustainability. In this context, the microextraction techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), in-tube extraction dynamic headspace (ITEX-DHS), and PAL SPME Arrow are being very active areas of research. To help transition into wider applications, the new solventless microextraction techniques have to be commercialized, automated, and validated, and their operating principles to be anchored to theory. In this work, the benefits and drawbacks of the advanced microextraction techniques will be discussed and compared, together with their applicability to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in different matrices.
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8
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Mikhail IE, Tehranirokh M, Gooley AA, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Hyphenated sample preparation-electrospray and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for biofluid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1646:462086. [PMID: 33892255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stand-alone electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been advancing through enhancements in throughput, selectivity and sensitivity of mass spectrometers. Unlike traditional MS techniques which usually require extensive offline sample preparation and chromatographic separation, many sample preparation techniques are now directly coupled with stand-alone MS to enable outstanding throughput for bioanalysis. In this review, we summarize the different sample clean-up and/or analyte enrichment strategies that can be directly coupled with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS for the analysis of biological fluids. The overview covers the hyphenation of different sample preparation techniques including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), slug flow micro-extraction/nano-extraction (SFME/SFNE), liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA), extraction electrospray, extraction using digital microfluidics (DMF), and electrokinetic extraction (EkE) with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E Mikhail
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Andrew A Gooley
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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9
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Rapid determination of tacrolimus and sirolimus in whole human blood by direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via microfluidic open interface. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1144:53-60. [PMID: 33453797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to decrease immune system activity (e.g. of patients undergoing solid organ transplant). Concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) in circulating blood must be closely monitored during the period of immunosuppression therapy due to adverse effects that take place when concentration levels fall outside of the very narrow therapeutic concentration range of these drugs. This study presents the rapid determination of four relevant immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A) in whole human blood by directly coupling solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via the microfluidic open interface (Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS). The BioSPME-MOI-MS/MS method offers ≤ 10% imprecision of in-house prepared quality controls over a 10-day period, ≤ 10% imprecision of ClinCal® Recipe calibrators over a three-day period, and single total turnaround time of ∼ 60 min (4.5 min for high throughput). The limits of quantification were determined to be 0.8 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.7 ng mL-1 sirolimus, 1.0 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.8 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine. The limits of detection were determined to be 0.3 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.2 ng mL-1 for sirolimus, 0.3 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.3 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. The R2 values for all analytes were above 0.9992 with linear dynamic range from 1.0 mL-1 to 50.0 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus while from 2.5 ng mL-1 to 500.0 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. To further evaluate the performance of the present method, 95 residual whole blood samples of tacrolimus and sirolimus from patients undergoing immunosuppression therapy were used to compare the Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS method against a clinically validated reference method based on chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, showing acceptable results. Our results demonstrated that Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS can be considered as a suitable alternative to existing methods for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs in whole blood providing faster analysis, better selectivity and sensitivity, and a wider dynamic range than current existing approaches.
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10
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Jager J, Gerssen A, Pawliszyn J, Sterk SS, Nielen MWF, Blokland MH. USB-Powered Coated Blade Spray Ion Source for On-Site Testing Using Transportable Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2243-2249. [PMID: 33086002 PMCID: PMC7659368 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-site testing in food analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) requires miniaturization of vacuum systems, mass analyzers, sample cleanup, and ionization sources. In this study, a simple coated blade spray (CBS) ion source was developed that enables high voltage generation on the blade by ubiquitous certified (micro-)USB On-The-Go devices like smartphones, tablets, and power banks. CBS is capable of performing both analyte enrichment by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) material coated on the metal substrate and direct-spray ionization. The USB-CBS device was used on two different MS systems, a transportable single-quadrupole and a benchtop triple-quadrupole tandem MS. Various characteristics of the USB-CBS device, including high voltage generation and angular positioning, were studied. The potential of the newly developed device for food safety applications is demonstrated by banned and regulated veterinary drugs such as β-agonists and sulfonamide antibiotics, covering a wide range of molecular weights and polarities. The results highlight the potential of the developed, simplified, inexpensive (less than 10 USD), and universal vendor-independent USB-powered CBS ion source coupled with MS(/MS) systems for semiquantitative applications, in laboratories, and in future on-site food quality and safety testing. Apart from that, most likely on-site environmental, biomedical, and forensic testing will also benefit from this USB-CBS instrumental development that is compatible with any atmospheric inlet MS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josha Jager
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Saskia S. Sterk
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H. Blokland
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Frey BS, Damon DE, Badu-Tawiah AK. Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:336-370. [PMID: 31491055 PMCID: PMC7875099 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the sensitivity of chemical instrumentation have led to increased interest in the use of microsamples for translational and biomedical research. Paper substrates are by far the most widely used media for biofluid collection, and mass spectrometry is the preferred method of analysis of the resultant dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Although there have been a variety of review papers published on DBS, there has been no attempt to unify the century old DBS methodology with modern applications utilizing modified paper and paper-based microfluidics for sampling, storage, processing, and analysis. This critical review will discuss how mass spectrometry has expanded the utility of paper substrates from sample collection and storage, to direct complex mixture analysis to on-surface reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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12
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Moreira BJ, Schiave LCA, Martinez R, Dias SG, Masetto de Gaitani C. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by green high-performance liquid chromatography for fluconazole determination in cerebrospinal fluid with the aid of chemometric tools. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3106-3114. [PMID: 32930170 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method, simple and fast, for fluconazole (FLU) quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and an eco-friendly mobile phase for HPLC-PDA was developed. The study of DLLME extraction condition covered the investigation of 12 combinations of extraction and disperser solvents followed by a fractional factorial design 2(7-3) to determine the influence of seven factors. After this stage, a central composite design was performed for three factors and a response surface was obtained. Aiming a compromise between a good recovery and a low organic solvent use it was established an extraction condition that consists of: 100 μL of chloroform, 100 μL of isopropyl alcohol, 200 μL of CSF, 200 μL of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.3 and centrifugation for 5 min at 2200g and 4 °C. The HPLC analysis used an Ascentis® Express C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and an Ascentis® Express C18 guard column (3 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), ethanol : water (15 : 85, v/v) as mobile phase, temperature of 45 °C, flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 and phenacetin as internal standard. The method validation was performed according to European Agency's Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation Methodology and a linear range was obtained from 0.25 to 62.5 μg mL-1, with precision and accuracy within the recommended limits and recovery of 70% for FLU and 81% for phenacetin. Samples were stable in the studies performed and the method showed to be selective and with no carryover effect. The feasibility of the obtained method was confirmed by FLU determination at a CSF from a patient who was treated for neuromycosis. Therefore, here is described a method that meets many principles of green analytical chemistry and is useful for FLU therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Juliana Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letà Cia Aparecida Schiave
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Generoso Dias
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Yee WLS, Drum CL. Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Loong Sherman Yee
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
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14
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Swiner DJ, Jackson S, Burris BJ, Badu-Tawiah AK. Applications of Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Diagnostics: The Influence of Turnaround Time. Anal Chem 2020; 92:183-202. [PMID: 31671262 PMCID: PMC7896279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This critical review discusses how the need for reduced clinical turnaround times has influenced chemical instrumentation. We focus on the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS) and its application in clinical diagnosis. With increased functionality that takes advantage of novel front-end modifications and computational capabilities, MS can now be used for non-traditional clinical analyses, including applications in clinical microbiology for bacteria differentiation and in surgical operation rooms. We summarize here recent developments in the field that have enabled such capabilities, which include miniaturization for point-of-care testing, direct complex mixture analysis via ambient ionization, chemical imaging and profiling, and systems integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Swiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sierra Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Benjamin J. Burris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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15
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Kasperkiewicz A, Gómez-Ríos GA, Hein D, Pawliszyn J. Breaching the 10 Second Barrier of Total Analysis Time for Complex Matrices via Automated Coated Blade Spray. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13039-13046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dietmar Hein
- Professional Analytical System (PAS) Technology, 99441 Magdala, Germany
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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17
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18
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A critical outlook on recent developments and applications of matrix compatible coatings for solid phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Looby NT, Tascon M, Acquaro VR, Reyes-Garcés N, Vasiljevic T, Gomez-Rios GA, Wąsowicz M, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction coupled to mass spectrometry via a microfluidic open interface for rapid therapeutic drug monitoring. Analyst 2019; 144:3721-3728. [PMID: 30968079 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic used during cardiac surgery that presents high inter-patient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita T. Looby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Vinicius R. Acquaro
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Tijana Vasiljevic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | | | - Marcin Wąsowicz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management
- Toronto General Hospital
- Toronto
- Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
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20
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Roszkowska A, Miękus N, Bączek T. Application of solid-phase microextraction in current biomedical research. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:285-302. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology; Faculty of Biology; University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
- Department of Nursing; Faculty of Health Sciences; Pomeranian University of Słupsk; Słupsk Poland
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21
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Al-Ghobashy MA, Kamal SM, El-Sayed GM, Attia AK, Nagy M, ElZeiny A, Elrakaiby MT, Nooh MM, Abbassi M, Aziz RK. Determination of voriconazole and co-administered drugs in plasma of pediatric cancer patients using UPLC-MS/MS: A key step towards personalized therapeutics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:489-498. [PMID: 30008305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Untreated invasive aspergillosis results in high mortality rate in pediatric cancer patients. Voriconazole (VORI), the first line of treatment, requires strict dose monitoring because of its narrow therapeutic index and individual variation in plasma concentration levels. Commonly co-administered drugs; either Esomeprazole (ESO) or Ondansetron (OND) have reported drug-drug interaction with VORI that should adversely alter therapeutic outcomes of the latter. Although VORI, ESO and OND are co-administered to pediatric cancer patients, the combined effect of ESO and OND on the plasma concentration levels of VORI has not been fully explored. In this study, an accurate, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of VORI, ESO, and OND in ultra-low sample volumes (25 μL) of plasma of pediatric cancer patients. Based on the physicochemical properties of the studied drugs and internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction was successfully adopted with methyl t-butyl ether. Consistent and reproducible recovery of the three drugs and the internal standard were calculated using plasma and matrix matched samples (RE% > 72.97%, RSD < 8.29%). Chromatographic separation was carried out using UPLC with C18 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water:methanol (70:25:5 V/V/V) at 0.3 mL/min. Mass spectrometric determination at positive electrospray ionization in the MRM mode was employed. The analysis was achieved within 4 min over a linear concentration range of 1.00-200.00 ng/mL for the three drugs. The assay validity was assessed as per the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, and satisfactory results were obtained. The accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits for the three drugs in both quality control and incurred plasma samples. Matrix effect and process efficiency were investigated in neat solvent, post-extraction matrix, and plasma. Correlation of the plasma concentration levels of the three drugs revealed differences from the reported drug-drug interactions. This confirmed the need for simultaneous determination of VORI and co-administered drugs in order to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. To achieve this, analysis results of this study, genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and clinical data will be used to establish one model incorporating all possible factors that might lead to variation in therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat A Al-Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; Bioanalysis Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Egypt.
| | - Samah M Kamal
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Ghada M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ali K Attia
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Children's Cancer Hospital (57357), Egypt
| | - Ahmed ElZeiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Children's Cancer Hospital (57357), Egypt
| | - Marwa T Elrakaiby
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Maggie Abbassi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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22
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Varona M, Ding X, Clark KD, Anderson JL. Solid-Phase Microextraction of DNA from Mycobacteria in Artificial Sputum Samples To Enable Visual Detection Using Isothermal Amplification. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6922-6928. [PMID: 29757616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) technologies for the detection of pathogens in clinical samples are highly valued due to their speed, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, they are ideally suited for resource-limited settings where expensive and sophisticated laboratory equipment may not be readily available. In this study, a rapid method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of mycobacterial DNA with subsequent isothermal amplification and visual detection was developed. Direct coupling of the SPME desorption solution (1 M NaCl) to the isothermal reaction system was achieved to circumvent dilution steps and improve detection limits. Using this method, DNA was preconcentrated from lysed mycobacteria in just 2 min, subjected to isothermal multiple-self-matching-initiated amplification (IMSA), and the amplicons were detected visually. With a total analysis times of less than 2 h, the optimized method was capable of extracting and visually detecting mycobacterial DNA from artificial sputum samples containing clinically relevant concentrations of mycobacteria (107 colony forming units/mL), demonstrating its potential for future POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Xiong Ding
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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23
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How much separation for LC–MS/MS quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and metabolites? J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Wei SC, Fan S, Lien CW, Unnikrishnan B, Wang YS, Chu HW, Huang CC, Hsu PH, Chang HT. Graphene oxide membrane as an efficient extraction and ionization substrate for spray-mass spectrometric analysis of malachite green and its metabolite in fish samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1003:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Coated blade spray: shifting the paradigm of direct sample introduction to MS. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:257-271. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coated blade spray (CBS) is a solid-phase microextraction-based technology that can be directly coupled to MS to enable the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex matrices. The goal of this mini review is to concisely introduce CBS's operational fundamentals and to consider how it correlates/contrasts with existing direct-to-MS technologies suitable for bioanalytical applications. In addition, we provide a fair comparison of CBS to other existing solid-phase microextraction-to-MS approaches, as well as an overview of recent CBS applications/strategies that have been developed to analyze diverse compounds present in biofluids.
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26
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Hu B, So PK, Yang Y, Deng J, Choi YC, Luan T, Yao ZP. Surface-Modified Wooden-Tip Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Detection of Analytes in Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1759-1766. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- University Research Facility in Life Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong
Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry,
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous
Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State
Key
Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation
and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi-Ching Choi
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State
Key
Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation
and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional
Molecules, (Yanbian University) Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
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27
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Quantitative analysis of biofluid spots by coated blade spray mass spectrometry, a new approach to rapid screening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16104. [PMID: 29170449 PMCID: PMC5701014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the quantitative capabilities of coated blade spray (CBS) mass spectrometry (MS) for the concomitant analysis of multiple target substances in biofluid spots. In CBS-MS the analytes present in a given sample are first isolated and enriched in the thin coating of the CBS device. After a quick rinsing of the blade surface, as to remove remaining matrix, the analytes are quickly desorbed with the help of a solvent and then directly electrosprayed into the MS analyzer. Diverse pain management drugs, controlled substances, and therapeutic medications were successfully determined using only 10 µL of biofluid, with limits of quantitation in the low/sub ng·mL−1 level attained within 7 minutes.
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28
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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29
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Poole JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Boyaci E, Reyes-Garcés N, Pawliszyn J. Rapid and Concomitant Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Treated Wastewater by Coated Blade Spray Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12566-12572. [PMID: 28990769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pharmaceuticals in both human and animal populations, and the resultant contamination of surface waters from the outflow of water treatment facilities is an issue of growing concern. This has raised the need for analytical methods that can both perform rapid sample analysis and overcome the limitations of conventional analysis procedures, such as multistep workflows and tedious procedures. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a solid-phase microextraction based technique that enables the direct-to-mass-spectrometry analysis of extracted compounds via the use of limited organic solvent to desorb analytes and perform electrospray ionization. This paper documents how CBS can be applied for the concomitant tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of nine pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater. The total analysis times of less than 11 min provided limits of detection lower than 50 ng L-1 for all target compounds in river water. The CBS methodology was then compared to a conventional solid-phase extraction technique for the analysis of the final effluent of six wastewater treatment facilities. The experimental results strongly suggest that CBS offers scientists a viable alternative method for analyzing water samples that is both rapid and relatively solvent-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justen J Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada , N2L 3G1
| | - German A Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada , N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada , N2L 3G1
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada , N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada , N2L 3G1
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30
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Li X, Ma W, Li H, Ai W, Bai Y, Liu H. Sampling and analyte enrichment strategies for ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:715-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Liu C, Gómez-Ríos GA, Schneider BB, Le Blanc J, Reyes-Garcés N, Arnold DW, Covey TR, Pawliszyn J. Fast quantitation of opioid isomers in human plasma by differential mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry via SPME/open-port probe sampling interface. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 991:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Tascon M, Gómez-Ríos GA, Reyes-Garcés N, Poole J, Boyacı E, Pawliszyn J. High-Throughput Screening and Quantitation of Target Compounds in Biofluids by Coated Blade Spray-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8421-8428. [PMID: 28715206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most contemporary methods of screening and quantitating controlled substances and therapeutic drugs in biofluids typically require laborious, time-consuming, and expensive analytical workflows. In recent years, our group has worked toward developing microextraction (μe)-mass spectrometry (MS) technologies that merge all of the tedious steps of the classical methods into a simple, efficient, and low-cost methodology. Unquestionably, the automation of these technologies allows for faster sample throughput, greater reproducibility, and radically reduced analysis times. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a μe technology engineered for extracting/enriching analytes of interest in complex matrices, and it can be directly coupled with MS instruments to achieve efficient screening and quantitative analysis. In this study, we introduced CBS as a technology that can be arranged to perform either rapid diagnostics (single vial) or the high-throughput (96-well plate) analysis of biofluids. Furthermore, we demonstrate that performing 96-CBS extractions at the same time allows the total analysis time to be reduced to less than 55 s per sample. Aiming to validate the versatility of CBS, substances comprising a broad range of molecular weights, moieties, protein binding, and polarities were selected. Thus, the high-throughput (HT)-CBS technology was used for the concomitant quantitation of 18 compounds (mixture of anabolics, β-2 agonists, diuretics, stimulants, narcotics, and β-blockers) spiked in human urine and plasma samples. Excellent precision (∼2.5%), accuracy (≥90%), and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) were attained for all the studied compounds, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were within the range of 0.1 to 10 ng·mL-1 for plasma and 0.25 to 10 ng·mL-1 for urine. The results reported in this paper confirm CBS's great potential for achieving subsixty-second analyses of target compounds in a broad range of fields such as those related to clinical diagnosis, food, the environment, and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Justen Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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