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Homochiral iron-based γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for stereoisomer separation in the open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 215:114777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ZHANG W, HONG D, LEI M, HU X, HOU J, XIE W, XU D, YI X, LI Y. [Separation and determination of clenbuterol enantiomers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1347-1354. [PMID: 34812007 PMCID: PMC9404038 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.06045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol enantiomers differ greatly in their bioactivities. By optimizing the conditions for chromatographic separation and method validation, ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) was adopted to separate the enantiomers of clenbuterol. Standard solutions of (+)-clenbuterol and (-)-clenbuterol were stored at -18 ℃ for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, and then, their stability was monitored. The impacts of different chromatographic columns, cosolvents, system backpressure, and chromatographic column temperature on the separation of the two enantiomers were investigated. Acquity Trefoil AMY1 (150 mm×3.0 mm, 2.5 μm) was used for separation, and CO2-0.5% (v/v) ammonium acetate was used as the mobile phase. Gradient elution at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min was adopted. The detection wavelength was set to 241 nm, and the injection volume was set to 10 μL. The backpressure was set to 13.8 MPa, and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃. The two enantiomers showed good linear relationships in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9997. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of (+)-clenbuterol and (-)-clenbuterol were both 0.5 mg/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) for the peak area of the 10.0 mg/L mixed standard working solution with six replicate injections ranged from 0.65% to 0.76%. The effectiveness and practicability of this method were demonstrated by using it to detect standard clenbuterol racemate. The (+)-clenbuterol and (-)-clenbuterol contents were 5.6 mg/L and 5.5 mg/L, respectively, in the standard clenbuterol racemates, as determined by the external standard method of quantification. The detection results suggested that the content ratio of (+)-clenbuterol and (-)-clenbuterol was close to 1.02∶1.00, which is consistent with the literature data. The established method has the advantages of rapid analysis, good separation effect, and low consumption of organic solvents, and it is suitable for the separation of clenbuterol enantiomers. This method can also provide technical support for the separation of other chiral drugs, analysis of the effects of chiral drugs, and assessment of product quality.
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[Determination of the enantiomers of salmeterol xinafoate in salmeterol fluticasone powder inhalant by chiral nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1355-1361. [PMID: 34812008 PMCID: PMC9404210 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.06002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
昔萘酸沙美特罗是目前治疗哮喘夜间发作和哮喘维持治疗的理想药物之一,它在临床上以外消旋体形式给药。昔萘酸沙美特罗的两个对映体在药理活性和毒理作用等方面差异较大,建立昔萘酸沙美特罗对映体的手性分离分析方法对提高手性药物质量、保证临床用药安全有效具有重要意义。该文以L(+)-酒石酸-硼酸络合酸为手性选择剂,建立了测定沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂中昔萘酸沙美特罗对映体含量的非水毛细管电泳法。实验考察了L(+)-酒石酸浓度、硼酸浓度和表观pH(apparent pH, pH* )对手性分离效果的影响。优化的缓冲溶液为:含120.0 mmol/L L(+)-酒石酸和120.0 mmol/L硼酸的甲醇溶液,pH* 为0.93;其他实验条件为:未涂层弹性熔融石英毛细管(内径50.0 μm,总长度64.5 cm,有效长度55.5 cm),重力进样17.5 cm×10.0 s,检测波长225 nm,室温,工作电压20.0 kV。在优化的实验条件下,昔萘酸沙美特罗的两个对映体在18.0 min内获得了2.18的分离度;在27.5~800.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内,与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.9990;检出限和定量限分别为7.5和25.0 mg/L;加标回收率为98.1%~101.9%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~1.9%。随机购买市面上出售的沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂,对其昔萘酸沙美特罗对映体的含量进行了分析检测。结果显示,昔萘酸沙美特罗对映体1和对映体2的标示量百分含量均为98.7%, RSD分别为2.5%和2.7%。该方法操作简便易行,结果准确可靠,消耗低,可用于市售沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂中昔萘酸沙美特罗对映体的含量测定。
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Bernardo-Bermejo S, Sánchez-López E, Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML. Chiral capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Synthesis and application of tetramethylammonium-carboxymethylated-β-cyclodextrin: A novel ionic liquid in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends During 2017⁻2018. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061135. [PMID: 30901973 PMCID: PMC6471358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation is an important process in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. From the analytical chemistry perspective, chiral separation is required for assessing the fit-for-purpose and the safety of chemical products. Capillary electrophoresis, in the electrokinetic chromatography mode is an established analytical technique for chiral separations. A water-soluble chiral selector is typically used. This review therefore examines the use of various chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography during 2017–2018. The chiral selectors were both low and high (macromolecules) molecular mass molecules as well as molecular aggregates (supramolecules). There were 58 papers found by search in Scopus, indicating continuous and active activity in this research area. The macromolecules were sugar-, amino acid-, and nucleic acid-based polymers. The supramolecules were bile salt micelles. The low molecular mass selectors were mainly ionic liquids and complexes with a central ion. A majority of the papers were on the use or preparation of sugar-based macromolecules, e.g., native or derivatised cyclodextrins. Studies to explain chiral recognition of macromolecular and supramolecular chiral selectors were mainly done by molecular modelling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Demonstrations were predominantly on drug analysis for the separation of racemates.
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Wang L, Hou X, Zhang F, Liu Y, Ren Y, Yan H. Chiral Separation by NACE Using Polyol Derivative-Boric Acid Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:383-389. [PMID: 31069747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) is an effective method for chiral separation. Many polyol derivatives (e.g., D-(+)-xylose, lactobionic acid, diacetone-D-mannitol, L-sorbose, and D-gluconic acid δ-lactone) can react with boric acid in methanol to produce polyol derivative-boric acid complexes which can be utilized as chiral selectors of enantioseparations. The enantiomers of more than a dozen basic analytes can be resolved under the optimized NACE using these chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Xu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yimeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Yu F, Zhao Q, Zhang D, Yuan Z, Wang H. Affinity Interactions by Capillary Electrophoresis: Binding, Separation, and Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 91:372-387. [PMID: 30392351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
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