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Khalikova M, Jireš J, Horáček O, Douša M, Kučera R, Nováková L. What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:560-609. [PMID: 37503656 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small-molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS-based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Azizsoltani A, Hatami B, Zali MR, Mahdavi V, Baghaei K, Alizadeh E. Obeticholic acid-loaded exosomes attenuate liver fibrosis through dual targeting of the FXR signaling pathway and ECM remodeling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115777. [PMID: 37913732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage of liver fibrosis as a precancerous state could lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. Previous studies have indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, such as obeticholic acid (OCA) protect against hepatic injuries. However, free OCA administration results in side effects in clinical trials that could be alleviated by applying bio carriers such as MSC-derived exosomes (Exo) with the potential to mimic the biological regenerative effect of their parent cells, as proposed in this study. Loading OCA into the Exo was conducted via water bath sonication. Ex vivo bio distribution studies validated the Exo-loaded OCA more permanently accumulated in the liver. Using CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, we proposed whether Exo isolated from human Warton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a minimal dosage of OCA can facilitate liver recovery. Notably, Exo-loaded OCA exerted additive anti-fibrotic efficacy on histopathological features in CCL4-induced fibrotic mice. Compared to baseline, Exo-mediated delivery OCA results in marked improvements in the fibrotic-related indicators as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Accordingly, the synergistic impact of Exo-loaded OCA as a promising approach is associated with the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and Fxr-Cyp7a1 cascade on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, our data confirmed the additive protective effects of Exo-loaded OCA in fibrotic mice, which suggests a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the use of Exo for accurate drug delivery to the liver tissue can be inspiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Azizsoltani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hu C, Li Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Ding L. A Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Obeticholic Acid in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:545-550. [PMID: 34313291 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the determination of obeticholic acid in human plasma. Glimepiride was used as internal standard. For this method, liquid-liquid extraction was performed to extract analyte from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm, Agilent) column with isocratic elution using water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The mass detection was performed in negative mode. The precursor-product ion pairs for MRM were m/z 465.3 → 419.3 for obeticholic acid and m/z 489.3 → 224.8 for the IS. The method exhibited great linearity over the concentration range of 0.150-100 ng/mL for obeticholic acid. The sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability of this method were all within the acceptable limits. The method was successfully validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic studies in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single oral dose administration of obeticholic acid tablets of 10 mg, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of obeticholic acid in human were reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., Nanjing 211000, China
| | - Ya Li
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., Nanjing 211000, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Nanjing Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., Nanjing 211000, China
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Feng WD, Zhuo SM, Zhang FL. Synthesis and characterization of new impurities in obeticholic acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819875858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel and efficient synthetic strategies are developed for the first synthesis of two new impurities found in obeticholic acid. The synthetic routes to the impurities are designed without column purification using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as a selective protecting group. The impurities, which are obtained in good yields and high purity, are identified and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (Correlated Spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, and rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Song-Ming Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P.R. China
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An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of obeticholic acid in rat plasma and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1121:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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