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Rabti H, Amrane M, Lalaouna A, Flilissa A, Benguerba Y. Optimization and validation of a bioanalytical HPLC-UV technique for simultaneous determination of underivatized phenylalanine and tyrosine in the blood for phenylketonuria diagnosis and monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5758. [PMID: 37795814 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a fast, accurate, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method for simultaneous analysis of underivatized phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) in biological samples. Separation of the analytes was accomplished using a Discovery HS F5-3 column, which offered better retention and peak symmetry for the tested analytes. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using central composite experimental design, and three factors were investigated: the concentration of ammonium acetate (A), the acetonitrile proportion in the mobile phase (B) and the column oven temperature (C). The approach was verified using β-expectation tolerance intervals for total error measurement that did not exceed 15%. Optimal settings were A = 50 mm, B = 24% and C = 28°C. The method applicability was determined using human plasma from 75 volunteers. The limits of detection and quantification of the technique were satisfactory at 9 and 29 μm for Phe and 4 and 13 μm for Tyr. The mean analytical bias in spiking levels was acceptable, ranging from -1.649 to +1.659% for both substances, with RSD <5% in all instances. The suggested approach was successfully used to analyze Phe and Tyr in human blood samples and calculate the Phe/Tyr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjira Rabti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mounira Amrane
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Mokhtari Abdelghani Cancer Center, Elbez, Setif, Algeria
| | - Abdeldjalil Lalaouna
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdenacer Flilissa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Biopharmacy and Pharmatechnie Laboratory (LBPT), Ferhat ABBAS University- Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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2
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Chiarentin L, Gonçalves C, Augusto C, Miranda M, Cardoso C, Vitorino C. Drilling into "Quality by Design" Approach for Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-42. [PMID: 37665603 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2253321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for consistency in analytical method development reinforces the dependence of pharmaceutical product development and manufacturing on robust analytical data. The Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD), akin to the product Quality by Design (QbD) endows a high degree of confidence to the method quality developed. AQbD involves the definition of the analytical target profile as starting point, followed by the identification of critical method variables and critical analytical attributes, supported on risk assessment and design of experiment tools for the establishment of a method operable design region and control strategy of the method. This systematic approach moves away from reactive troubleshooting to proactive failure reduction. The objective of this review is to highlight the elements of the AQbD framework and provide an overview of their implementation status in various analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical field. These methodologies include but are not limited to, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, supercritical fluid chromatography, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Finally, a critical appraisal is provided to highlight how regulators have encouraged AQbD principles application to boost the prevention of method failures and a better understanding of the method operable design region (MODR) and control strategy, ultimately resulting in cost-effectiveness and regulatory flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chiarentin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Cátia Augusto
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Margarida Miranda
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Egas Moniz Center of Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Cardoso
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Yeo S, Kim MJ, Yoon I, Lee WK. pH-Responsive Nano-transferosomes of Purpurin-18 Sodium Salt and Doxorubicin for Enhanced Anticancer Efficiency by Photodynamic and Chemo Combination Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16479-16490. [PMID: 37179623 PMCID: PMC10173428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and a major human health concern. Various combination treatments have been developed to combat cancer. To obtain superior cancer therapy, the objective of this study was to synthesize purpurin-18 sodium salt (P18Na) and design P18Na- and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loaded nano-transferosomes as a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy for cancer. The characteristics of P18Na- and DOX-loaded nano-transferosomes were assessed, and the pharmacological efficacy of P18Na and DOX was determined using the HeLa and A549 cell lines. The nanodrug delivery system characteristics of the product were found to range from 98.38 to 217.50 nm and -23.63 to -41.10 mV, respectively. Further, the release of P18Na and DOX from nano-transferosomes exhibited a sustained pH-responsive behavior and burst in physiological and acidic environments, respectively. Accordingly, the nano-transferosomes effectively delivered P18Na and DOX into cancer cells, with less leakage in the body, and exhibited pH-responsive release in cancer cells. A photo-cytotoxicity study to HeLa and A549 cell lines revealed a size-dependent anti-cancer effect. These results suggest that the combined nano-transferosomes of P18Na and DOX are effective in the combination of PDT and chemotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Yeo
- Center
for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea
- Yonsei
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- College
of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- . Phone: +82-32-749-4173. Fax: +82-32-479-4518
| | - Min Je Kim
- Center
for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- Center
for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea
- . Phone: +82-55-320-3871. Fax: +82-55-321-7034
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Center
for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea
- . Phone: +82-55-320-3875; Fax:+82-55-320-3875
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4
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Ntontis S, Tsanaktsidou E, Tzanavaras PD, Kachrimanis K, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK. Analytical quality by design approach for the determination of imidazole in sildenafil API and its formulations using zwitterionic HILIC stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115186. [PMID: 36455394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the development of a HILIC method for the determination of imidazole (Imp E) in sildenafil citrate API and its final formulations is reported. The main goal of this study was to develop a robust, application-specific HPLC method according to the Analytical Quality by Design principles for the analysis of the above impurity. After the risk assessment study, the high-risk method parameters were sequentially screened and optimized by using 2-level fractional factorial and Box-Behnken designs. The mathematical models were combined with the Monte-Carlo simulations to identify the Method Operable Design Region. The method was thoroughly validated between 25 % and 150 % of the target concentration limit of the imidazole using the total-error concept. The relative bias varied between 1.6 % and 5.6 % and the RSD values were lower than 5.8 % for repeatability and intermediate precision. The limit of detection and the lower limit of quantification were satisfactory and found to be 0.025 and 0.125 μg mL-1 imidazole, respectively. The applicability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated in the analysis of several sildenafil citrate API batches and final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Ntontis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsanaktsidou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine K Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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Xiao C, Zhang X, Wang W, Yang X, Sun Y, Zhang W, He S, Yang J, Lv Z, Hu C. Developing an improved UHPLC method for impurity profile analysis of ceftriaxone using analytical quality by design. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:639-647. [PMID: 36651613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method for comprehensively measuring impurities in ceftriaxone. The method was developed based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) HPLC method, which is limited by the lack of selectivity to potential impurities and a long running time. Screening experiments showed that octylamine concentration, mobile phase pH, and organic phase ratio were critical method parameters. Further optimisation and Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to map out the design space. The selected working conditions resulted in a complete separation of the impurity profile in approximately 10 min. A multivariate approach confirmed that the method was robust, and the proportion of acetonitrile should be carefully controlled. Additionally, the developed UHPLC method could be transferred back to HPLC in a single step using a Columns Calculator, providing a new approach for the rapid and effective development of the HPLC method. Our findings could serve as a reference for developing the next version of the ChP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiuyun Yang
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Changqin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
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Synthesis and Design of Purpurin-18-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Anticancer Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051064. [PMID: 35631650 PMCID: PMC9146874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin-18 (P18) is one of the essential photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but its hydrophobicity causes easy coalescence and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize P18 and design P18-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve its bioavailability. The characteristics of the synthesized P18 and SLNs were evaluated by particle characteristics and release studies. The effects of P18 were evaluated using the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay as a nonbiological assay and a phototoxicity assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines as a biological assay. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the SLNs were 164.70–762.53 nm and −16.77–25.54 mV, respectively. These results indicate that P18-loaded SLNs are suitable for an enhanced permeability and retention effect as a passive targeting anti-cancer strategy. The formulations exhibited a burst and sustained release based on their stability. The DPBF assay indicated that the PDT effect of P18 improved when it was entrapped in the SLNs. The photocytotoxicity assay indicated that P18-loaded SLNs possessed light cytotoxicity but no dark cytotoxicity. In addition, the PDT activity of the formulations was cell type- and size-dependent. These results suggest that the designed P18-loaded SLNs are a promising tool for anticancer treatment using PDT.
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Analytical Quality-by-Design optimization of UHPLC method for the analysis of octreotide release from a peptide-based hydrogel in-vitro. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yeo S, Yoon I, Lee WK. Design and Characterisation of pH-Responsive Photosensitiser-Loaded Nano-Transfersomes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010210. [PMID: 35057105 PMCID: PMC8781809 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and tumour-specific therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) (essential ingredients in PDT) aggregate easily owing to their lipophilic properties. The aim of this study was to synthesise a PS (methyl pheophorbide a, MPa) and design a biocompatible lipid-based nanocarrier to improve its bioavailability and pharmacological effects. MPa-loaded nano-transfersomes were fabricated by sonication. The characteristics of synthesised PS and nano-transfersomes were assessed. The effects of PDT were evaluated by 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran assay and by measuring photo-cytotoxicity against HeLa and A549 cell lines. The mean particle size and zeta potential for nano-transfersomes ranged from 95.84 to 267.53 nm and −19.53 to −45.08 mV, respectively. Nano-transfersomes exhibited sustained drug release for 48 h in a physiological environment (as against burst release in an acidic environment), which enables its use as a pH-responsive drug release system in PDT with enhanced photodynamic activity and reduced side effects. The formulations showed light cytotoxicity, but no dark toxicity, which meant that light irradiation resulted in anti-cancer effects. Additionally, formulations with the smallest size exhibited photodynamic activity to a larger extent than those with the highest loading capacity or free MPa. These results suggest that our MPa-loaded nano-transfersome system is a promising anti-cancer strategy for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Yeo
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (I.Y.); (W.K.L.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3871 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.); Fax: +82-55-321-7034 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.)
| | - Il Yoon
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (I.Y.); (W.K.L.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3871 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.); Fax: +82-55-321-7034 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.)
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (I.Y.); (W.K.L.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3871 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.); Fax: +82-55-321-7034 (S.Y. & I.Y.); +82-55-320-3875 (W.K.L.)
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Sarısaltık Yaşın D, Arslantürk Bingül A, Karaküçük A, Teksin ZŞ. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method Using an Experimental Design for Analysis of Amlodipine Besylate and Enalapril Maleate in a Fixed-dose Combination. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:306-318. [PMID: 34157820 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.89725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a simple, cost-effective, and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method by taking an experimental design approach to the assay and dissolution analysis of amlodipine besylate and enalapril maleate from a fixed-dose combination tablet. Materials and Methods The chromatographic analysis was performed on a C18 column (4.6x250 mm id., particle size of 5 μm). The injection volume was 5 μL, and the detection wavelength was 215 nm. A Box-Behnken design was used to test the robustness of the method. The flow rate (1, 1.2, and 1.4 mL/min), column temperature (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C), methanol ratio of the mobile phase (5, 10, and 15%), and pH of the mobile phase (2.8, 3, and 3.2) were selected as independent variables. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Dissolution of the tablets was performed by using USP apparatus 2 and analyzed using the optimized HPLC method. Multivariate linear regression analysis and ANOVA were used in the statistical evaluation. Results Linear models were fitted for all variables. The flow rate was the most significant factor affecting the APIs' concentrations. The optimized method included the following parameters: Column temperature of 25°C, 10% methanol as the mobile phase, pH of 2.95, and flow rate of 1.205 mL/min. Retention times were 3.8 min and 7.9 min for enalapril and amlodipine, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.8-24 μg/mL (R2 >0.999) and 1.6-48 μg/mL (R2 >0.999) for amlodipine and enalapril, respectively. Both APIs were dissolved more than 85% within 10 min. Conclusion The experimental design was proved as a useful tool for the determination and separation of enalapril maleate and amlodipine besylate in dosage forms. The optimized method can be used for in vitro performance and quality control tests of fixed-dose tablet combinations containing enalapril maleate and amlodipine besylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Sarısaltık Yaşın
- Dicle University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Alptuğ Karaküçük
- Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey,Ankara Medipol University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Şafak Teksin
- Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Wang Z. Ginsenoside Contents in Ginseng: Quality by Design-Coupled Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Technique. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:164-172. [PMID: 34013323 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Red ginseng and white ginseng, with different chemical constituents, exhibit different antioxidative, anticancer, antiasthmatic and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Ro) in red and white ginseng. A rapid and comprehensive method was developed using the quality-by-design (QbD) and heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) techniques. The temperature (25°C), mobile phase constituent (0.1%H3PO4), flow rate (0.35 mL/min) and concentrations of the final (45%) and initial (19.5%) organic solvents were optimized to efficient chromatography-based isolation method. The gradient program was optimized by QbD Fusion AE system. A selective column (Thermo Acclaim RSLC Polar Advantage II 2.2 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm) was used for the studies. The ginsenoside Rb1, Rc and Ro exhibiting poor separation resolution were separated using the heart-cutting 2D-LC technique. The average Rb1, Rb2 and Rc contents in red ginseng were significantly higher than the average Rb1, Rb2 and Rc contents in white ginseng. Ginsenoside Ro can be potentially used as a marker to evaluate the qualities of white and red ginseng. This comprehensive and rapid method can be potentially used to screen the quality of the markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Volta e Sousa L, Gonçalves R, Menezes JC, Ramos A. Analytical Method Lifecycle Management in Pharmaceutical Industry: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:128. [PMID: 33835304 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) and Analytical Method Lifecycle Management (AMLM) concepts to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products has been applied and proposed over the last few years. These concepts are based on knowledge gained from the application of scientific and quality risk management approaches, throughout method lifecycle to assure continuous improvement and high reliability of analytical results. The overall AMLM starts with the definition of the method's intended use through the Analytical Target Profile definition, including three stages: (1) Method Design, taking advantage of the well-known concept of QbD; (2) Method Performance Qualification; (3) Continued Method Performance Verification. This is intended to holistically align method variability with product requirements, increasing confidence in the data generated, a regulatory requirement that the pharmaceutical industry must follow. This approach views all method-related activities, such as development, validation, transfer, and routine use as a continuum and interrelated process, where knowledge and risk management are the key enablers. An increase in method robustness, cost reduction, and decreased risk failures are some of the intrinsic benefits from this lifecycle management. This approach is clearly acknowledged both by regulators and industry. The roadmap of the regulatory and industry events that mark the evolution of these concepts helps to capture the current and future expectation of the pharmaceutical framework.
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12
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Multi-Element Determination of Toxic and Nutrient Elements by ICP-AES after Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction with Modified Graphene Oxide. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel graphene-oxide-derived material was synthesized after modification of graphene oxide with sodium hydroxide and used for the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) of different elements (Pb, Cd, Ba, Zn, Cu and Ni) prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The prepared nanomaterial was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Full factorial design and Derringer’s type desirability function were used for the optimization of the d-SPE procedure. Pareto charts illustrated the effects of each of the examined factors and their interactions on the determination of the elements. Under the optimum conditions, detection limits (LODs) for the elements ranged between 0.01 and 0.21 μg g−1, intra-day repeatability (n = 5) was lower than 1.9% and inter-day repeatability (n = 5 × 3) was lower than 4.7%. Relative recovery values ranged between 88.1 and 117.8%. The method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of trace elements in poultry, pork and beef samples from the local market. The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and the novel sorbent can be used at least ten times.
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13
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Tome T, Obreza A, Časar Z. Developing an Improved UHPLC Method for Efficient Determination of European Pharmacopeia Process-Related Impurities in Ropinirole Hydrochloride Using Analytical Quality by Design Principles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112691. [PMID: 32531959 PMCID: PMC7321168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the development of a reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining process-related impurities in ropinirole hydrochloride drug substance applying the analytical quality by design approach. The current pharmacopeial method suffers from selectivity issues due to two coelutions of two pairs of impurities. The development of a new method began with preliminary experiments, based on which the Acquity UPLC BEH C8 was selected as the most appropriate column. The effects of six different critical method parameters (CMPs) were then investigated using a fractional factorial screening design. Column temperature, the ratio of methanol in mobile phase B, and gradient slope turned out to be highly significant CMPs in achieving critical resolutions, and they were further evaluated using a central composite face-centered response-surface design. Mathematical models were created by applying a multiple linear regression method. Based on the elution order of an unknown degradation impurity and impurity C, two design spaces were established, and for each design space an optimal combination of CMPs was determined. The method developed was validated for precision, accuracy, linearity, and sensitivity, and it was proven suitable for determining nine process-related impurities of ropinirole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tome
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia;
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, Ljubljana SI-1526, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: (A.O.); or (Z.Č.); Tel.: +386-1-476-9677 (A.O.); +386-1-580-2079 (Z.Č.)
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia;
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, Ljubljana SI-1526, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (A.O.); or (Z.Č.); Tel.: +386-1-476-9677 (A.O.); +386-1-580-2079 (Z.Č.)
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Development of a Unified Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for Efficient Determination of EP and USP Process-Related Impurities in Celecoxib Using Analytical Quality by Design Principles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040809. [PMID: 32069880 PMCID: PMC7070322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the development of a reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of process-related impurities in a celecoxib drug substance following Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) principles. The method from European Pharmacopeia (EP) for celecoxib drug substance does not sufficiently separate celecoxib from its EP impurity B because the system suitability criterion is not achieved (resolution NLT 1.8). The same issue was observed with the proposed method from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for celecoxib capsules, where EP impurity A elutes under the main peak. A new HPLC method was developed that eliminates the disadvantages of the two pharmacopeial methods and is capable of efficiently separating and determining all seven impurities listed in EP and the proposed USP monographs. The development of a new HPLC method started with method scouting, in which various C18 and phenyl stationary phases were tested. Improved selectivity was obtained only with a chiral stationary phase. An immobilized Chiralpak IA-3 column used in RP mode turned out to be the most appropriate for method optimization. The ratio of acetonitrile in the mobile phase, flow rate, and column temperature were recognized as critical method parameters (CMPs) and were further investigated using a central composite face response-surface design. A multiple linear regression (MLR) method was applied to fit the mathematical models on the experimental data to determine factor-response relationships. The models created show adequate fit and good prediction abilities. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to establish the design space. The method developed was verified in terms of precision, sensitivity, accuracy, and linearity, and the results showed that the new method is suitable for determination of seven process-related impurities of celecoxib.
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of 1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde in eliglustat tartrate active pharmaceutical ingredient. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112988. [PMID: 31812805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) are a series of compounds that could potentially damage DNA. Therefore, a sensitive method is needed for detection and quantification. The present work described and validated a method for the quantification of one PGI (namely 1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde) in Eliglustat tartrate (EGT) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) substances using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as sample preparation to remove matrix effect and detected by HPLC-UV. Parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency were systematically investigated. The combined application of DLLME and HPLC-UV provided the sensitivity of the method. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were adequate for the specific purpose and found to be 1.29 μg g-1 and 2.58 μg g-1, respectively. This simple and effective methodology offers a key advantage in the ease of removing matrix effect and improves sensitivity obviously. In addition, no costly instrumentation and skilled personnel are needed when using this method, which is available and can be successfully implemented in routine factory drug quality control analysis.
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Tantawy MA, Alweshahy S, Elshabasy DA, Youssef NF. Simultaneous Determination of Co-administrated Deflazacort, Aprepitant and Granisetron in Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma by RP-HPLC/PAD. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:790-798. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A selective reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC/PAD) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of the three co-administrated deflazacort, aprepitant and granisetron drugs used with chemotherapy. The three cited drugs have been chromatographed on C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.2% v/v triethylamine (80:20 v/v, pH of 6.6 ± 0.05) with isocratic elution and monitored by photodiode array at 220 nm. International conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines were followed to validate the developed method. Successful application of the developed method was assessed by the simultaneous determination of the studied drugs in pure forms, dosage forms and plasma samples in the ranges of 0.2–20, 0.4–40 and 0.2–20 μg/mL for deflazacort, aprepitant and granisetron, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Soheir Alweshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Elshabasy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 Abu Hazem St., Pyramids Avenue, P.O. 29, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia F Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 Abu Hazem St., Pyramids Avenue, P.O. 29, Giza, Egypt
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Tome T, Žigart N, Časar Z, Obreza A. Development and Optimization of Liquid Chromatography Analytical Methods by Using AQbD Principles: Overview and Recent Advances. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tome
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Žigart
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nalawade V, Vora A. Box-Behnken design directed optimization for sensitivity assessment of anti-platelet drugs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1515-1522. [PMID: 31267803 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1634092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of electrospray ionization (ESI) parameters is routinely carried out by one factor at a time (OFAT) or auto-tune software (ATS). Design of experiments (DOE) approach has been reported to be an excellent alternative to OFAT or ATS. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was successfully used to optimize ESI parameters like nebulizing gas flow rate, desolvation line temperature, heat block temperature, and drying gas flow rate for [M + H]+ intensity of Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) and Ticlopidine (TLP). BBD model was found to be significant with p < .0001 for both CLP and TLP. The predicted and optimized (OL) ESI parameters were used for chromatographic analysis and were compared against three levels of ESI parameters, i.e. low level (LL), medium level (ML), and high level (HL). The OL ESI parameters were subjected to chromatographic analysis and its mean peak area was significantly higher than mean peak area for LL, ML, and HL ESI in case of CLP and TLP (p < .001). However, no significant difference was observed between the mean peak area for ML and OL of TLP. Thus, BBD can be considered with 29 trials to optimize four mass spectrometric parameters. The liquid chromatographic parameters percentage of methanol, percentage of formic acid and flow rate were also optimized using BBD. However, the optimized method did not significantly influence the peak response over the non-optimized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Nalawade
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance , SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management , Mumbai , India
| | - Amisha Vora
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management , Mumbai , India
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Shelke M, Deshpande SS, Sharma S. Quinquennial Review of Progress in Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling: An Instrumental Perspective Statistics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:226-253. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1615863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Shelke
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Yehia AM, Elshabasy DA, Youssef NF. High-performance thin-layer chromatography for the simultaneous determination of co-administrated granisetron, aprepitant, and deflazacort used with chemotherapy: Application onto dosage forms and spiked plasma by liquid–liquid extraction. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Yehia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdelrazeq Elshabasy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 Abu Hazem St., Pyramids Avenue, P.O. 29, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia Fayek Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 Abu Hazem St., Pyramids Avenue, P.O. 29, Giza, Egypt
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Chaudhari SR, Shirkhedkar AA. Design of experiment avenue for development and validation of RP-HPLC-PDA method for determination of apremilast in bulk and in in-house tablet formulation. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Feng WD, Zhuo SM, Zhang FL. Isolation, identification, characterization, synthesis and quality control strategy of new process-related impurities in ambrisentan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 165:325-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ibrahim AM, Hendawy HA, Hassan WS, Shalaby A, El-sayed HM. Six Sigma quality approach for HPLC-UV method optimization. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Deidda R, Orlandini S, Hubert P, Hubert C. Risk-based approach for method development in pharmaceutical quality control context: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:110-121. [PMID: 30145448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical regulatory bodies increasingly require the implementation of systematic approaches in pharmaceutical product development. Quality control methods play a key role in the control strategy of drugs manufacturing to assure their quality. A risk-based approach in the analytical method development is strongly recommended to ensure that the method performances fit the purpose of the method during its entire life-cycle. In the last decade, analytical quality by design (AQbD), as risk management oriented methodology, has been progressively integrated with method development for fulfilling this objective. This approach has successfully allowed the quality to be designed into the analytical processes by obtaining a deep understanding of the procedures. In this paper the AQbD workflow and its application in the development of methods to be used for pharmaceutical quality control have been treated and discussed. Recent publications regarding how AQbD has been applied in separation techniques were reviewed. The different development strategies have been also showcased, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, in order to give a useful overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Deidda
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Serena Orlandini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
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