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Ares AM, Bernal J, Janvier A, Toribio L. CHIRAL AND ACHIRAL SEPARATION OF TEN FLAVANONES USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. APPLICATION TO BEE POLLEN ANALYSIS. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Toribio L, Bernal J, Martín MT, Ares AM. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A valuable tool in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang Y, Jiang Z. Supercritical fluid chromatography using methacrylate-based monolithic column for the separation of polar analytes. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3324-3332. [PMID: 34213058 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was prepared in a 100 × 2.0 mm id stainless-steel column and was investigated for supercritical fluid chromatography. Optimization of its porosity was performed by changing the conditions of polymerization. Then, the chemical group of this column was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared column showed good repeatability based on the retention factor of adenine, uracil and cytosine to calculate their run-to-run, day-to-day, column-to-column, and batch-to-batch relative standard deviations. Those values were less than 1.9% (n = 10), 6.5% (n = 3), 5.6% (n = 3), and 1.7% (n = 3), respectively. In addition, the column was found to be stable within 3 and 10 days with relative standard deviations less than 6.5 and 8.5%, respectively. These results indicated that the columns showed good reproducibility and stability. Compared with liquid chromatogaphy, supercritical fluid chromatography provided better kinetic performance and selectivity. Finally, several neutral, acid, and basic polar analytes were utilized to test its application. The results demonstrated that the prepared column exhibited a good separation performance and showed great potential in supercritical fluid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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Concentration of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Various Sources by Using LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081120. [PMID: 32823794 PMCID: PMC7466375 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality extra virgin olive oils represent an optimal source of nutraceuticals. The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading olive oil producer, with the Mediterranean region as the main contributor. This makes the EU the greatest exporter and consumer of olive oil in the world. However, small olive oil producers also contribute to olive oil production. Beneficial effects on human health of extra virgin olive oil are well known, and these can be correlated to the presence of vitamin E and phenols. Together with the origin of the olives, extraction technology can influence the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of potentially bioactive compounds in Italian extra virgin olive oils from various sources. For this purpose, vitamin E and phenolic fractions were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence, photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection in fifty samples of oil pressed at industrial plants and sixty-six samples of oil produced in low-scale mills. Multivariate statistical data analysis was used to determine the applicability of selected phenolic compounds as potential quality indicators of extra virgin olive oils.
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Song L, Huang Y, Gou M, Crommen J, Jiang Z, Feng Y. Method development and validation for the determination of biogenic amines in soy sauce using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2728-2736. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Song
- Central LaboratoryGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Marie‐Jia Gou
- Laboratory for the Analysis of MedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCIRM, University of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory for the Analysis of MedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCIRM, University of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Central LaboratoryGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
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He PX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Supercritical fluid chromatography-a technical overview and its applications in medicinal plant analysis: an update covering 2012-2018. Analyst 2019; 144:5324-5352. [PMID: 31348475 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00826h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants with complex matrices are endowed with a wide scope of biological activities. The separation, quantification, characterization and purification of bioactive components from herbal medicine extracts have always challenged analysts. Fortunately, the advancement of various emerging techniques has provided potent support for improving the method selectivity, sensitivity and run speeds in medicinal plant analyses. In recent years, the advent of new-generation supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) instruments and a wide diversity of column chemistries, coupled with the intrinsic technical features of SFC, have made it an alternative and prominent analytical platform in the medicinal plant research area. This work aims to give a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, technical advancement and investigating parameters of SFC in combination with three prevalent detectors. Moreover, the latest research progress of SFC applications in medicinal plant analyses is illuminated, with focus on herbal medicine-related SFC papers on the analytical and preparative scale that were published during the period of 2012 to December 2018. The most relevant applications were classified based on the constituents to be analysed. As for the respective research cases, analytical protocols and data processing strategies were provided, along with the indicated restrictions or superiority of the method; thus, the current status of SFC in medicinal plant analysis was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xia He
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Zhang H, Zhou DD, Yang FQ, Qian ZM, Li CH, Li WJ, Wang SP, Wang YT. Modulation of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis by plant polyphenol-inspired gallic acid/polyethyleneimine coatings: Analysis of small molecules. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:7-16. [PMID: 31176269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols can form functional coatings on various materials through self-polymerization. In this paper, a series of modified capillary columns, which possess diversity of charge characteristics for modulating electroosmotic flow (EOF), were prepared by one-step co-deposition of gallic acid (GA), a plant-derived polyphenol monomer, and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI). The physicochemical properties of the prepared columns were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnitude and direction of EOF of GA/PEI co-deposited columns were modulated by changing a series of coating parameters, such as post-incubation of FeCl3, co-deposition time, and deposited amounts of GA and PEI with different relative molecular mass (PEI-600, PEI-1800, PEI-10000, and PEI-70000). Furthermore, the separation efficiencies of the prepared GA/PEI co-deposited columns were evaluated by separations of small molecules, including organic acids, polar nucleotides, phenols, nucleic acid bases and nucleosides. Results indicated that modulating of EOF plays an important role in enhancing the separation performance and reversing the elution order of the analytes. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to quantitative analysis of acidic compounds in four real samples. The recoveries were in the range of 73.5%-85.8% for citric acid, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid in beverage and fruit samples, 101.6%-104.9% for cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis sample, while 84.6%-97.8% for guanosine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, cytosine-5'- monophosphate and adenosine-5'-monophosphate in Cordyceps samples. These results indicated that the co-deposition of plant polyphenol-inspired GA/PEI coatings can provide new opportunities for EOF modulation of capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Qian
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China
| | - Chun-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Toribio L, Arranz S, Ares AM, Bernal J. Polymeric stationary phases based on poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(4-vinylpirydine) in the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography. Application to bee pollen. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:128-136. [PMID: 30150114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new polymer-based stationary phases; DCpak PBT (poly(butylene terephthalate)) and DCpak P4VP (poly(4-vinylpirydine)) were evaluated for the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The compounds studied included phenolic acids and flavonoids. The different variables that influence the chromatographic separation, such as type and percentage of organic modifier, additive, pressure and temperature were examined. Using the DCpak P4VP column the retention was exceptionally high, obtaining better results with the DCpak PBT column. The separation of nine polyphenols was achieved using a gradient of modifier (methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) from 5 to 50%, a pressure of 150 bar, a temperature of 35 °C and a flow-rate of 2 mL/min. The use of additives was necessary in order to obtain good peak shapes and efficiencies, achieving the best results with trifluoroacetic acid. LODs and LOQs values were lower than 5 μg/mL in all the cases; meanwhile, the %RSD values for method repeatability and inter-day reproducibility were lower than 3% and 10% respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of polyphenols in commercial bee pollen; four compounds, namely cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin and quercetin were identified and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Toribio
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Arranz
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ares
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Bernal
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
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Shulaev V, Isaac G. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry – A metabolomics perspective. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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