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Shi M, Han H, Yang L, Wang Z, Chen K. Development and validation of a dried blood spots assay for metabolic profiling of ginsenosides using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118136. [PMID: 38583731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer., a famous and valuable traditional Chinese medicine with thousand years of history for its healthcare and therapeutic effects. It is necessary and meaningful to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenosides in vivo as they are the most active components. Dried blood spots (DBS) are a mature and advanced blood collection method with meet the needs for the measurement of numerous analytes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the feasibility on DBS in the metabolic profile analysis of complex herbal products. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of ginsenosides. The preparation of DBS samples was conducted by spiking the whole blood with analytes to obtain 20 μL of blood spots on Whatman 903 collection card. A punched dish of 10 mm in diameter was extracted with 70 % methanol aqueous solution, digoxin was used as an internal standard. Target compounds were separated on a Waters T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with acetonitrile and water (0.1 % formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. RESULTS The various ginsenosides showed good linearity in the range of 1-2000 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries and matrix effects of the target analytes were above 82.2%. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision were within the limits of ≤15% for all tested concentrations. Moreover, the collected dried blood spot samples could be stably stored at room temperature for 14 days and 4 °C for 1 month without being affected. And it is delightful that the DBS-based analysis is compatible or even superior to the conventional protein precipitation in terms of sensitivity, linearity, and stability. In particular, the target analytes are stable in the DBS sampling under normal storing condition and the sensitivity for some trace metabolites of ginsenosides, such as 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, F1, Rk1, Rg5, etc. increases 3-4 folds as evaluated by LLOQ. CONCLUSIONS The established method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ginseng extract in mice, this suggests a more feasible strategy for pharmacokinetic study of traditional and natural medicines both in animal tests and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Kaixian Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Qu M, Xue P, Zhang Q, Lu T, Liu K, Hu B, Pang J, Xiao Q, Xu T, Wang Q, Cheng Z. Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability and metabolic analysis of solasodine in mice by dried blood spot LC-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 210:114542. [PMID: 34979491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solasodine, a major ingredient in Solanaceae family, has various biological functions such as inducing neurogenesis, anticonvulsant and anti-tumor. Its risk assessment has also drawn public attention. However, little is known about its oral bioavailability and metabolic process. In this study, an liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of solasodine in mice dried blood spot (DBS) samples. To block nonspecific adsorption, DBS samples were pretreated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and then extracted with ethyl acetate. This method was applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of solasodine. The absolute bioavailability was only 1.28%. Thereafter, its metabolites in mice were characterized using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QE-HRMS). Several isomeric metabolites were well separated and differentiated using their retention time, fragmentation pathways and correspondingly fragmentation rules of solasodine. As a result, 21 metabolites were characterized including 16 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites. The proposed metabolic pathways showed that solasodine mainly experienced oxidation, dehydration, dehydrogenation and sulfation. These results could help us to better understand the efficacy and safety of solasodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Tiantian Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Bingying Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Jingjing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Tongxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhongzhe Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
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Hotta K, Ishida T, Noritake KI, Kita K, Mano Y. Quantitative and qualitative application of a novel capillary microsampling device, Microsampling Wing™ (MSW), using antiepileptic drugs in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113788. [PMID: 33281005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel microsampling device, namely, the Microsampling Wing™ (MSW), was evaluated using three anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs): carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenytoin. A simultaneous assay method of the three AEDs was developed and qualified via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Using 2.8 μL plasma, the three AEDs were quantifiable from 1 or 2 ng/mL. According to the intra-assay reproducibility assessment and additional validation parameters, the established method is reproducible. To apply the device to a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in rats, a cocktail of the three AEDs was orally administered to rats. Whole blood samples were serially collected using the MSW device and a glass capillary from the tail vein, and plasma samples (each 2.8 μL) from each device were assayed to compare PK parameters. The PK parameters of the three AEDs were similar between the two devices. A metabolite identification study was also conducted after oral administration of carbamazepine to rats. At least seven metabolites were detected in plasma, and the major metabolite was carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide, which is in accordance with the reported results. These findings suggest that the MSW device is a useful microsampling device for PK and metabolite identification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hotta
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ishida
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Noritake
- Preclinical Safety Research Unit, Tsukuba R&D Supporting Division, Sunplanet Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Kenji Kita
- Bioanalysis Unit, Tsukuba R&D Supporting Division, Sunplanet Co., Ltd., Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuji Mano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan.
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Abstract
Conventional skin and blood sampling techniques for disease diagnosis, though effective, are often highly invasive and some even suffer from variations in analysis. With the improvements in molecular detection, the amount of starting sample quantity needed has significantly reduced in some diagnostic procedures, and this has led to an increased interest in microsampling techniques for disease biomarker detection. The miniaturization of sampling platforms driven by microsampling has the potential to shift disease diagnosis and monitoring closer to the point of care. The faster turnaround time for actionable results has improved patient care. The variations in sample quantification and analysis remain a challenge in the microsampling field. The future of microsampling looks promising. Emerging techniques are being clinically tested and monitored by regulatory bodies. This process is leading to safer and more reliable diagnostic platforms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current skin and blood microsampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson U W Lei
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia. .,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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