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Gil-Martínez L, Mut-Salud N, Ruiz-García JA, Falcón-Piñeiro A, Maijó-Ferré M, Baños A, De la Torre-Ramírez JM, Guillamón E, Verardo V, Gómez-Caravaca AM. Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071505. [PMID: 37048326 PMCID: PMC10094647 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of the phytochemicals present in a blackberry fruit extract by HPLC-TOF-MS has been carried out. The main compounds in the extract were ursane-type terpenoids which, along with phenolic compounds, may be responsible for the bioactivity of the extract. In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed through Folin–Ciocalteu (31.05 ± 4.9 mg GAE/g d.w.), FRAP (637.8 ± 3.2 μmol Fe2+/g d.w.), DPPH (IC50 97.1 ± 2.4 μg d.w./mL) and TEAC (576.6 ± 8.3 μmol TE/g d.w.) assays. Furthermore, the extract exerted remarkable effects on in vitro cellular antioxidant activity in HUVEC cells at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was also tested. Most sensible microorganisms were Gram-positive bacteria, such as E. faecalis, B. cereus and Gram-negative E. coli (MBC of 12.5 mg/mL). IC50 values against colon tumoral cells HT-29 (4.9 ± 0.2 mg/mL), T-84 (5.9 ± 0.3 mg/mL) and SW-837 (5.9 ± 0.2 mg/mL) were also obtained. Furthermore, blackberry extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-8 cytokines in two cellular models (HT-29 and T-84) in a concentration-dependent manner. These results support that blackberry fruits are an interesting source of bioactive compounds that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of different diseases, mainly related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gil-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Mut-Salud
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio Ruiz-García
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Falcón-Piñeiro
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Guillamón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avd. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avd. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
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Man G, Xu L, Wang Y, Liao X, Xu Z. Profiling Phenolic Composition in Pomegranate Peel From Nine Selected Cultivars Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS. Front Nutr 2022; 8:807447. [PMID: 35141267 PMCID: PMC8819070 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.807447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate is widely cultivated across China, and the phenolics in its peel are principal components associated with health benefits. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-QQQ-MS) were used in this study, aiming at profiling the total phenolic composition in pomegranate peel from nine selected cultivars in 7 production areas. Sixty-four phenolic compounds were identified or annotated, and 23 of them were firstly reported in pomegranate peel. Principal component analysis (PCA) plots show differences and similarities of phenolics among nine cultivars. Furthermore, 15 phenolic compounds were quantified with the standards, and punicalagin, ellagic acid, gallocatechin, punicalin, catechin, and corilagin were found to be dominant. Punicalagin weighed the highest content (28.03–104.14 mg/g). This study can provide a deeper and more detailed insight into the phenolic composition in pomegranate peel and facilitate the health-promoting utilization of phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Man
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Liao
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Zhenzhen Xu
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Leporini M, D'Urso G, Gagliano Candela R, Falco T, Piacente S, Bruno M, Sottile F. Almond ( Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini) Skin Confectionery By-Products: New Opportunity for the Development of a Functional Blackberry ( Rubus ulmifolius Schott) Jam. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1218. [PMID: 34439465 PMCID: PMC8388876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes for the first time a model for reusing almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini from Sicily, Southern Italy) skin to formulate a new functional blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) jam. For this purpose, blackberries were analysed fresh and as jam, traditionally prepared with a minimum fruit amount of 80%. Different percentages of almond skin (20, 15, and 10% w/w) were added to jam. The phytochemical profile of enriched jam was investigated by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS analyses. Anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins, and triterpenoids were identified in a blackberry extract, while proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and oxylipins were identified in an almond extract. The n-hexane extract of P. dulcis skin, investigated by GC-MS, evidenced linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids as the main abundant compounds. Samples were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, β-carotene, and FRAP tests. The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects were studied by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory assays. In order to evaluate the effect of thermal process on enriched jam bioactivity, pasteurisation was applied. An increase in activities for all samples was observed, in particular for jam enriched with 20% w/w of almond skin. Based on obtained data, and supported by sensory analysis, we propose enriched jam as a promising source of compounds useful for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Gilda D'Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rossella Gagliano Candela
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Falco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Gutiérrez-Albanchez E, Gradillas A, García A, García-Villaraco A, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Ramos-Solano B. Elicitation with Bacillus QV15 reveals a pivotal role of F3H on flavonoid metabolism improving adaptation to biotic stress in blackberry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232626. [PMID: 32374762 PMCID: PMC7202615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the involvement of the flavonol-anthocyanin pathway on plant adaptation to biotic stress using the B.amyloliquefaciens QV15 to trigger blackberry metabolism and identify target genes to improve plant fitness and fruit quality. To achieve this goal, field-grown blackberries were root-inoculated with QV15 along its growth cycle. At fruiting, a transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq was performed on leaves and fruits of treated and non-treated field-grown blackberries after a sustained mildew outbreak; expression of the regulating and core genes of the Flavonol-Anthocyanin pathway were analysed by qPCR and metabolomic profiles by UHPLC/ESI-qTOF-MS; plant protection was found to be up to 88%. Overexpression of step-controlling genes in leaves and fruits, associated to lower concentration of flavonols and anthocyanins in QV15-treated plants, together with a higher protection suggest a phytoanticipin role for flavonols in blackberry; kempferol-3-O-rutinoside concentration was strikingly high. Overexpression of RuF3H (Flavonol-3-hidroxylase) suggests a pivotal role in the coordination of committing steps in this pathway, controlling carbon flux towards the different sinks. Furthermore, this C demand is supported by an activation of the photosynthetic machinery, and boosted by a coordinated control of ROS into a sub-lethal range, and associated to enhanced protection to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gutiérrez-Albanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (BRS); (EGA)
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Villaraco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gutierrez-Mañero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramos-Solano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (BRS); (EGA)
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Xu JD, Xu MZ, Zhou SS, Kong M, Shen H, Mao Q, Zhu H, Chan G, Liu LF, Zhang QW, Li SL. Effects of chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric parameters on the ionization and fragmentation of triterpene saponins of Ilex asprella in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460418. [PMID: 31420179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) is widely used to qualitatively characterize the chemical profiles of herbal medicines, in which the generated adducts and fragments are crucial for confirming molecular ion (deprotonated/protonated ion) and deducing structure of detected components. However, how chromatographic and mass spectrometric (LC-MS) conditions/parameters affect the quantity and intensity of adducts and fragments of detected components is scarcely concerned. In present study, three types of triterpene saponins from the root of Ilex asprella (RIA) were selected as a case study to systematically investigate the effects of LC/MS conditions/parameters on their ionization and fragmentation, so as to obtain higher intensity (higher detection sensitivity) and quantity (rich information) of adducts and fragments for the characterization of components in RIA. It was found that for LC conditions, methanol as organic phase was more benefit for generating more adducts with higher intensity; formic acid as a modifier suppressed the formation of [M-2H]2-, thus promoted the generation of other types of adducts at lower concentration but inhibited the generation when the concentration exceeded 0.1%. MS parameters affect scarcely the quantity but mainly intensity of adducts, cone voltage, source temperature and desolvation gas flow have relatively higher impacts when compared with other parameters. Collision energy affected both quantity and intensity of fragments. MS parameters at the medium value largely increased the quantity and intensity of adducts and fragments. Three-types of triterpene saponins presented structurally specific ionization and fragmentation due to their amounts of acidic substitutes. A total of 55 components were detected and definitely or tentatively identified in RIA under the optimized LC-MS conditions, among which 35 triterpene saponins were firstly discovered. This is the first report that proposes and validates a systematic approach for assessing the effects of LC/MS conditions/parameters on the ionization and fragmentation of analytes, which could be helpful for the optimization of LC-MS conditions for effective chemical profiling analysis of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhe Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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He Y, Ni T, Liu Z, Ye Y, Sun H. Rapid annotation and structural characterization of saponins in the active fraction of Albizia julibrissin by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry based on accurate mass database. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2922-2941. [PMID: 31298460 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin was proved to be a promising adjuvant candidate for vaccine. In this study, a simple, convenient, and practical strategy was established for characterizing the saponins in this purified active fraction. The personal accurate mass database including chemical structure, molecular formula, and theoretical mass was first constructed by collecting 110 reported known saponins from genus Albizia species. The raw data was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The potential compounds were extracted from raw data, and matched with the accurate mass databases. A series of saponin compounds were predicted and their chemical structures were characterized by interpreting the tandem mass spectrometry data. A total of 29 saponins including 10 new compounds and 5 first found saponins from A. julibrissin were successfully characterized in this purified active fraction using this new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei He
- Laboratory of Natural Drug, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Ni
- Laboratory of Natural Drug, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Natural Drug, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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