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Oyanna VO, Garcia-Torres KY, Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Call MR, Horváth M, Manwill PK, Graf TN, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Paine MF, Clarke JD. Goldenseal-Mediated Inhibition of Intestinal Uptake Transporters Decreases Metformin Systemic Exposure in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1483-1489. [PMID: 37562957 PMCID: PMC10586506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Goldenseal is a perennial plant native to eastern North America. A recent clinical study reported goldenseal decreased metformin Cmax and area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) by 27% and 23%, respectively, but half-life and renal clearance were unchanged. These observations suggested goldenseal altered processes involved in metformin absorption. The underlying mechanism(s) remain(s) unknown. One mechanism for the decreased metformin systemic exposure is inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract and three goldenseal alkaloids (berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, hydrastinine) were tested as inhibitors of organic cation transporter (OCT) 3, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and thiamine transporter (THTR) 2 using human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing each transporter. The goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of each transporter (IC50: 4.9, 13.1, and 5.8 μM for OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2, respectively). A pharmacokinetic study in mice compared the effects of berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, goldenseal extract, and imatinib (OCT inhibitor) on orally administered metformin. Goldenseal extract and imatinib significantly decreased metformin Cmax by 31% and 25%, respectively, and had no effect on half-life. Berberine and (-)-β-hydrastine had no effect on metformin pharmacokinetics, indicating neither alkaloid alone precipitated the interaction in vivo. A follow-up murine study involving intravenous metformin and oral inhibitors examined the contributions of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters to the goldenseal-metformin interaction. Goldenseal extract and imatinib had no effect on metformin AUC and half-life, suggesting lack of inhibition of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters. Results may have implications for patients taking goldenseal with drugs that are substrates for OCT3 and THTR2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Goldenseal is used to self-treat respiratory infections and digestive disorders. We investigated potential mechanisms for the clinical pharmacokinetic interaction observed between goldenseal and metformin, specifically inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters (OCT3, PMAT, THTR2) involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract inhibited all three transporters in vitro and decreased metformin systemic exposure in mice. These data may have broader implications for patients co-consuming goldenseal with other drugs that are substrates for these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Oyanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Kenisha Y Garcia-Torres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Baron J Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - M Ridge Call
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Miklós Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Preston K Manwill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
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Divya Bhargavi P, Lolla S, Sugunan S, Shiva Gubbiyappa K, Ali Khan A, Alanazi AM, Vijay Nayak B. The simultaneous quantification of Sitagliptin and Irbesartan in rat plasma using the validated LC-MS/MS method is applied to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123677. [PMID: 36958118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Irbesartan (IRB), an angiotensin II receptor AT1 blocker, is an antihypertensive agent commonly used with Sitagliptin (STG), a novel antidiabetic agent in diabetes. A finalised and validated LC-MS/MS method was used for the bioanalytical quantification of STG and IRB to be applicable to studies on the P.K drug-drug interactions between STG and IRB. Using a YMC triart C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 3 µm), both the drugs and the Tolbutamide were separated using a gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 ml/min with run time of 5 min. For analyte detection, an LC-MS/MS system with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The technique was validated across a concentration range of 5-1000 ng/ml, with the LLOQ for both analytes being 5 ng/ml. At all QC levels accuracies from spiked samples were > 83% for both drugs and internal standards. The accuracy for STG within-batch and between-batch was found within 98.4-107.2%, and for IRB was found within 92.4-102.5%. The precision for STG within batch and between batches was less than 12.3% CV, and for IRB was less than 10.2% CV at all concentration levels. The pharmacokinetic profiles of STG and IRB were successfully applied on simultaneous oral administration to rats. This method applies to pharmacokinetic multidrug interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Siddhartha Lolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sinoy Sugunan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India
| | - Kumar Shiva Gubbiyappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhukya Vijay Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India.
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Liu Y, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Shan Y, Gu J, Sun D. High-throughput bioanalysis of sitagliptin in plasma using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry and its application in the pharmacokinetic study thereof. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:631-637. [PMID: 34709732 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, a sensitive and high-throughput quantitative method based on the direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the bioanalysis of sitagliptin in rat plasma without chromatographic separation. Sitagliptin and its internal standard retagliptin were detected in positive ion mode by multiple reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 408.2→235.0 and 465.2→260.1, respectively. The method includes a simple solid-phase extraction sample preparation procedure, through which appropriate and reproducible analytical results within the linear concentration range of 20-2000 ng/mL have been achieved. The intra- and interday precisions were <10.6% and the accuracies were ranging from -8.17 to 2.60%. This method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of sitagliptin after single intravenous administration in rats. This approach shows considerable promise of direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry method in the high-throughput bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Linge Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Shan
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
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Erkmen C, Gebrehiwot WH, Uslu B. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC): Latest Applications in the Pharmaceutical Researches. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200402101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Significant advances have been occurred in analytical research since the 1970s
by Liquid Chromatography (LC) as the separation method. Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
(RPLC) method, using hydrophobic stationary phases and polar mobile phases, is the most commonly
used chromatographic method. However, it is difficult to analyze some polar compounds with this
method. Another separation method is the Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC), which involves
polar stationary phases with organic eluents. NPLC presents low-efficiency separations and
asymmetric chromatographic peak shapes when analyzing polar compounds. Hydrophilic Interaction
Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) is an interesting and promising alternative method for the analysis of
polar compounds. HILIC is defined as a separation method that combines stationary phases used in the
NPLC method and mobile phases used in the RPLC method. HILIC can be successfully applied to all
types of liquid chromatographic separations such as pharmaceutical compounds, small molecules, metabolites,
drugs of abuse, carbohydrates, toxins, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino acids and proteins.
Objective:
This paper provides a general overview of the recent application of HILIC in the pharmaceutical
research in the different sample matrices such as pharmaceutical dosage form, plasma, serum,
environmental samples, animal origin samples, plant origin samples, etc. Also, this review focuses on
the most recent and selected papers in the drug research from 2009 to the submission date in 2020,
dealing with the analysis of different components using HILIC.
Results and Conclusion:
The literature survey showed that HILIC applications are increasing every
year in pharmaceutical research. It was found that HILIC allows simultaneous analysis of many compounds
using different detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Erkmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara,Turkey
| | | | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara,Turkey
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Chaudhari K, Wang J, Xu Y, Winters A, Wang L, Dong X, Cheng EY, Liu R, Yang SH. Determination of metformin bio-distribution by LC-MS/MS in mice treated with a clinically relevant paradigm. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234571. [PMID: 32525922 PMCID: PMC7289415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-diabetes drug, has been recently emerging as a potential “anti-aging” intervention based on its reported beneficial actions against aging in preclinical studies. Nonetheless, very few metformin studies using mice have determined metformin concentrations and many effects of metformin have been observed in preclinical studies using doses/concentrations that were not relevant to therapeutic levels in human. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry protocol for metformin measurement in plasma, liver, brain, kidney, and muscle of mice. Young adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were voluntarily treated with metformin of 4 mg/ml in drinking water which translated to the maximum dose of 2.5 g/day in humans. A clinically relevant steady-state plasma metformin concentrations were achieved at 7 and 30 days after treatment in male and female mice. Metformin concentrations were slightly higher in muscle than in plasma, while, ~3 and 6-fold higher in the liver and kidney than in plasma, respectively. Low metformin concentration was found in the brain at ~20% of the plasma level. Furthermore, gender difference in steady-state metformin bio-distribution was observed. Our study established steady-state metformin levels in plasma, liver, muscle, kidney, and brain of normoglycemic mice treated with a clinically relevant dose, providing insight into future metformin preclinical studies for potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Pharmaceutical analysis core lab, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ali Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linshu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Y. Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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