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Ptolemy AS, Peake RWA, Kellogg MD. Turbulent Flow Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Antiepileptic Drug Quantitation in Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:33-41. [PMID: 38036808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that result in unprovoked seizures. Pharmacotherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AED) can help control the incidence of epileptic seizures. AED therapeutic regimens often need to be individually tailored. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AED is required to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the risk of any associated destructive toxicities. We describe a turbulent flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TFC-MS/MS) method for the detection of seven different AED in human serum. TFC-MS/MS testing was performed using a TLX-2 online sample preparation liquid chromatography (SPLC) system coupled to an API 5500 Q-Trap tandem mass spectrometer. Quantification of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, rufinamide, topiramate, and zonisamide was, respectively, performed using calibration curves (2-60 μg/mL, R2 > 0.99) with precisions of <10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Ptolemy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roy W A Peake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Kellogg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Kobel A, Schierscher T, Singh N, Salzmann L, Liesch F, Bauland F, Geistanger A, Risch L, Geletneky C, Seger C, Taibon J. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of levetiracetam in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1967-1977. [PMID: 37011038 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for levetiracetam quantification in human serum and plasma. METHODS Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) was used to characterize the RMP material to ensure traceability to SI units. To quantify levetiracetam, an LC-MS/MS method was optimized using a C8 column for chromatographic separation following protein-precipitation-based sample preparation. Spiked matrix samples of serum and plasma were used to test selectivity and specificity. Matrix effects were determined by performing a post-column infusion experiment and comparing standard line slopes. Precision and accuracy were evaluated over 5 days. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). RESULTS The RMP was proven to be highly selective and specific with no evidence of a matrix effect, allowing for quantification of levetiracetam within the range of 1.53-90.0 μg/mL. Intermediate precision was <2.2% and repeatability was 1.1-1.7% across all concentrations. The relative mean bias ranged from -2.5% to -0.3% across all levels and matrices within the measuring range. Diluted samples were found with a mean bias ranging from -0.1 to 2.9%. The predefined acceptance criterion for measurement uncertainty was met and determined for individual measurements independently of the concentration level and sample type to be ≤4.0% (k=2). CONCLUSIONS We present a novel LC-MS/MS)-based candidate RMP for levetiracetam in human serum and plasma. Its expanded measurement uncertainty of ≤4.0% meets the clinical needs in levetiracetam monitoring. Utilizing qNMR to characterize levetiracetam reference materials allowed metrological traceability to SI units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kobel
- Dr. Risch Ostschweiz AG, Buchs, Switzerland
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3
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Quantification of levetiracetam in plasma and urine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of traumatic brain injury patients. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:31-42. [PMID: 36927087 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug used to prevent or treat seizure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to develop and validate methodology suitable for measuring levetiracetam concentrations in human plasma and urine. Methods: Plasma or urine (10 μl) samples were spiked with [2H6]-levetiracetam and processed using an acetonitrile precipitation. ESI-LC-MS/MS was employed for analyte detection. Results: The levetiracetam calibration was linear from 0.1 to 50 mg/l in a combined matrix of plasma and urine. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision and accuracy in plasma were <7.7 and 109%, and in urine were <7.9 and 108%, respectively. Conclusion: The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of levetiracetam in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
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Yin DY, Lyu N, Qian ZT, Zhao LL, Wang L, Tang DQ, Du Y. Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on a New Monomer "2-(4-Vinylphenyl) Quinoline-4-Carboxylic Acid" for the Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Lamotrigine. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:195-202. [PMID: 35543326 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A new molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been prepared for the high selective extraction of lamotrigine (LTG), a widely used antiepileptic drug, in human serum. The MIPs were polymerized by bulk polymerization using our synthesized compound, 2-(4-vinylphenyl) quinolin-4-carboxylic acid, as functional monomer, which achieved better adsorption specificity than universal MIPs. Then, the molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) based on this material was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the detection of LTG in human serum. The results of method validation showed that the developed method presented a good precision and accuracy, and the linearity was in the range of 1.50-40.00 mg/mL with the limit of quantitation (LOQ) at 0.20 mg/mL. The recovery ranged from 80.8% to 83.8% with RSD ranges from 5.5% to 11.1%. The validated method was successfully used to determine the concentration of LTG in human simulate serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yang Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, the Seven Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Lyu
- The affiliated Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeng-Ting Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
- School of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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Development of a useful single-reference HPLC method for therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin and carbamazepine in human plasma. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:447-454. [PMID: 36637705 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A single reference high-performance liquid chromatographic (SR-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in plasma from patients. The analytical parameters evaluated were linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), selectivity, accuracy, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. The developed method shows good linearity (r2 > 0.999; LOQ-50 µg/mL), and LOQ values were 1.56 µg/mL for PHT and 0.40 µg/mL for CBZ at 254 nm. For the development of SR-HPLC method, we evaluated to improve the detection wavelength, stirred retention time, and stability for SR, and selected 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin for PHT (relative molar sensitivity, RMS = 0.848) and 10-methoxyiminostilbene for CBZ (RMS = 0.263). The established differential definite quantities of PHT and CBZ in plasma samples were similar using the RMS and absolute calibration methods based on RSD < 5.10%. A preliminary application was performed using chemiluminescent immunoassay and SR-HPLC method, in which the detectable values of the correlation coefficient and the slope of the intercept were PHT: 0.964 and 0.992647, and CBZ: 0.969 and 1.072089, respectively. Based on these results, we propose that the SR-HPLC method with RMS would be offered to the useful and accurate TDM of various medicines in plasma/serum samples.
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Yu H, Ren X, Liu L, Xiang D, Li X, Li J, Liu D, Gong X. Simultaneous determination of eight antiepileptic drugs and two metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological conditions and antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. High variation in pharmacokinetic profiles of several antiepileptic drugs highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring to estimate pharmacokinetic properties and consequently individualize drug posology. In this work, a simple, rapid and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine and its metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, gabapentin, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and its metabolite mono-hydroxy-derivative metabolite, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring. d
6
-Levetiracetam, d
4
-gabapentin and d
6
-valproic acid were used as internal standards. After addition of internal standards along with two-step protein precipitation and dilution sample preparation, plasma samples were analyzed on a C18 column using a gradient elution in 5 min without interference. The calibration curves were linear over a 100-fold concentration range, with determination coefficients (r
2
) greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The limit of quantification was 0.5 μg mL−1 (0.1 μg mL−1 for oxcarbazepine, 2 μg mL−1 for levetiracetam, and 10 μg mL−1 for valproic acid) with precision and accuracy ranging from 3% to 9% and from 94% to 112%, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were within 15% at low, medium and high quality control levels. No significant matrix effect was observed in the normal, hemolyzed, lipemic, and hyperbilirubin blood samples. This method was successfully used in the identification and quantitation of antiepileptic drugs in patients undergoing mono- or polytherapy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Feliu C, Konecki C, Candau T, Vautier D, Haudecoeur C, Gozalo C, Cazaubon Y, Djerada Z. Quantification of 15 Antibiotics Widely Used in the Critical Care Unit with a LC-MS/MS System: An Easy Method to Perform a Daily Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1214. [PMID: 34959617 PMCID: PMC8703964 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential under- or overdose of antibiotics may occur in intensive care units due to high variability in plasma concentrations. The risk is either treatment failure or toxicity. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics may guide dosing adjustment, maximising antibacterial efficacy and minimising toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the analysis of 15 antibiotics including beta-lactams, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, daptomycin, and clindamycin to have a complete panel in the management of infections. We proposed to develop a fast, sensitive, and quantitative method for the analysis of 15 antibiotics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) technology. this method required only 100 µL of plasma and consisted of a rapid liquid-liquid deproteinisation using methanol. Calibration curves ranged from 0.078 to 500 mg/L depending on the molecules, and were defined according to a therapeutic range. Inter- and intra-assay precisions values were less than 15%. This work described the development and the full validation of a precise, sensitive and accurate assay using UPLC-MS/MS technology. After validation, this new assay was successfully applied to routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Feliu
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Celine Konecki
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Tristan Candau
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Damien Vautier
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Haudecoeur
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Claire Gozalo
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Yoann Cazaubon
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Pharmacology, Montpellier University Hospital, Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Pharmacology, HERVI, EA 3801, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims University Hospital, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (C.F.); (C.K.); (T.C.); (D.V.); (C.H.); (C.G.)
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8
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pH-induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction method based on new switchable deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of three antiepileptic drugs from breast milk. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1087-1099. [PMID: 34275330 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A pH-induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) using a new switchable deep eutectic solvent has been used for the extraction of three antiepileptic drugs from breast milk samples. Methodology: This method is based on phase separation by changing pH. An ammonia solution and a phosphocholine chloride: hexanoic acid: p-aminophenol deep eutectic solvents were used as the phase separation agent and extraction solvent, respectively. Results: Significant factors were studied and the detection limits and enrichment factors were in the ranges of 0.009-0.19 ng ml-1 and 182-212 for the analytes, respectively. Also, linear ranges were wide (0.63-500 ng ml-1) and the method precision was acceptable. Conclusion: The introduced method was successfully applied for the determination of the analyte concentrations in breast milk samples.
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9
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Qu M, Ma S, Huang Y, Yuan H, Zhang S, Ouyang G, Zhao Y. LC-MS/MS-based non-isotopically paired labeling (NIPL) strategy for the qualification and quantification of monosaccharides. Talanta 2021; 231:122336. [PMID: 33965016 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigation into monosaccharides is critical for studies of oligosaccharides structure and function in biological processes. However, monosaccharides quantification is still challenge due to their isomeric structure and high hydrophilic properties. Besides, it was difficult to obtain isotopic internal standards (IS) of each monosaccharide in complex matrixes. Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the qualification and quantification of monosaccharides in urine using two structure analogs 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (MPMP) and1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as non-isotopically paired labeling (NIPL) reagents by liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The derivatized monosaccharides by NIPL method not only had sufficient retention time differences on reversed-phase column, but also exhibited predominant product ion pairs (m/z 189 & m/z 175) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In this method, PMP labeled standards were adopted as one-to-one internal standards (ISs). 12 urinary monosaccharides were successfully determined and the linear ranges expanded five orders of magnitude with limit of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.09 ng mL-1 to 0.36 ng mL-1 as well as the accuracy higher than 98.15% and the relative standard derivation (RSD) lower than 7.92%. With assistance of multivariate analysis, the targeted monosaccharide biomarkers were firstly obtained for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. By the inexpensive NIPL reagents-MPMP/PMP, the developed strategy possessed the specific advantages of low cost, simple operation, high sensitivity and high accuracy for the qualification and quantitation of monosaccharides. As expected, this method will provide an alternative application potential for targeted metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of CM, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, China.
| | | | | | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, China
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S S, Kumar L, Verma R. Lamotrigine-A Review of Analytical Methods Developed for Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1451-1460. [PMID: 33673783 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1886901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamotrigine owing to its excellent inhibitory property of neurotransmitter release especially glutamate is used in the treatment of epilepsy as a second-line antiepileptic drug. It differs from other antiepileptic drugs chemically and pharmacologically and is used as both monotherapy and adjunct therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. The present review focuses on two aspects (a) various analytical methods used in quantification of Lamotrigine in pharmaceutical formulations and (b) various analytical methods used to determine Lamotrigine in biological matrices. Here the various analytical methods are developed using different parameters and validation of employed methods is discussed. Estimated parameters like the linearity, LOD (Limit of detection) and LOQ (Limit of quantification) of validation are discussed for the individual method. The critical quality attributes like the wavelength of detection, mobile phase, columns, flow rate, retention time, and the sample preparation methods for the estimation of Lamotrigine by bioanalytical methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeeda S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Sommerfeld-Klatta K, Zielińska-Psuja B, Karaźniewcz-Łada M, Główka FK. New Methods Used in Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Monitoring of the First and Newer Generations of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs). Molecules 2020; 25:E5083. [PMID: 33147810 PMCID: PMC7663638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents data from the last few years on bioanalytical methods used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the 1st-3rd generation and the newest antiepileptic drug (AEDs) cenobamate in patients with various forms of seizures. Chemical classification, structure, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic data and therapeutic ranges for total and free fractions and interactions were collected. The primary data on bioanalytical methods for AEDs determination included biological matrices, sample preparation, dried blood spot (DBS) analysis, column resolution, detection method, validation parameters, and clinical utility. In conclusion, the most frequently described method used in AED analysis is the LC-based technique (HPLC, UHPLC, USLC) combined with highly sensitive mass detection or fluorescence detection. However, less sensitive UV is also used. Capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography have been rarely applied. Besides the precipitation of proteins or LLE, an automatic SPE is often a sample preparation method. Derivatization was also indicated to improve sensitivity and automate the analysis. The usefulness of the methods for TDM was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Barbara Zielińska-Psuja
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewcz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Franciszek K. Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM). Molecules 2020; 25:E4026. [PMID: 32899296 PMCID: PMC7504794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool used to integrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics knowledge to optimize and personalize various drug therapies. The optimization of drug dosing may improve treatment outcomes, reduce toxicity, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. To adequately implement TDM, accurate and precise analytical procedures are required. In clinical practice, blood is the most commonly used matrix for TDM; however, less invasive samples, such as dried blood spots or non-invasive saliva samples, are increasingly being used. The choice of sample preparation method, type of column packing, mobile phase composition, and detection method is important to ensure accurate drug measurement and to avoid interference from matrix effects and drug metabolites. Most of the reported procedures used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. High-performance chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods are also used when a simpler and more cost-effective methodology is desired for clinical monitoring. The application of high-performance chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) with and without derivatization processes and high-performance chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) techniques for the analysis of various drugs in biological samples for TDM have been described less often. Before chromatographic analysis, samples were pretreated by various procedures-most often by protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction, rarely by microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature (2010-2020) regarding the use of liquid chromatography with various detection techniques for TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Seyfinejad B, Meshkini A, Habibolahi P, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. Determination of phenytoin in exhaled breath condensate using electromembrane extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:666-677. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Meshkini
- Neuroscience Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Paria Habibolahi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical ChemistryAnkara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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