A novel and sensitive HILIC-CAD method for glucosamine quantification in plasma and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study

Variation in the pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in healthy individuals

OBJECTIVES

Clinical trial data for the efficacy of glucosamine in OA are conflicting. Reportedly, Rotta-manufactured glucosamine products are more likely to be effective, and a possible explanation is greater bioavailability than other brands. Specifically, the aim was to compare the steady-state pharmacokinetics of Rotta- and non-Rotta-manufactured glucosamine products in healthy volunteers and examine the interindividual variability.

METHODS

In a crossover design, healthy adult participants ingested 1500 mg/day of a Rotta (DONA powder sachets; imported by Mylan Health, Carole Park, QLD, Australia) and a non-Rotta (glucosamine sulphate 1500 mg one-a-day tablet; Blackmores, Warriewood, NSW, Australia) glucosamine product/brand individually for 6 days. Blood samples were collected immediately before and for 12 h after the ingestion of the last dose of each brand and analysed to determine plasma levels of glucosamine. The pharmacokinetic parameters at steady state [including the minimum (Css min) and maximum (Css max) plasma concentration of glucosamine, time to reach Css max post-dosing (Tss max) and area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUCss 0-12)] for each brand were calculated and statistically compared.

RESULTS

Fourteen participants [mean age 35.5 years (s.d. 8.8)] were recruited (64.2% males). No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two brands. However, for both brands, the coefficient of variation for Css min, Tss max and AUCss 0-12 exceeded 20%, indicating considerable differences in the parameters between participants. No significant association of the pharmacokinetic parameters was observed with various dosing- and participant-related variables.

CONCLUSION

Substantial interindividual differences in the absorption and elimination of glucosamine could be a cause of variable clinical outcomes in OA.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618000699268p.aspx), number ACTRN12618000699268p.

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC): Latest Applications in the Pharmaceutical Researches

Background:

Significant advances have been occurred in analytical research since the 1970s by Liquid Chromatography (LC) as the separation method. Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC) method, using hydrophobic stationary phases and polar mobile phases, is the most commonly used chromatographic method. However, it is difficult to analyze some polar compounds with this method. Another separation method is the Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC), which involves polar stationary phases with organic eluents. NPLC presents low-efficiency separations and asymmetric chromatographic peak shapes when analyzing polar compounds. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) is an interesting and promising alternative method for the analysis of polar compounds. HILIC is defined as a separation method that combines stationary phases used in the NPLC method and mobile phases used in the RPLC method. HILIC can be successfully applied to all types of liquid chromatographic separations such as pharmaceutical compounds, small molecules, metabolites, drugs of abuse, carbohydrates, toxins, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino acids and proteins.

Objective:

This paper provides a general overview of the recent application of HILIC in the pharmaceutical research in the different sample matrices such as pharmaceutical dosage form, plasma, serum, environmental samples, animal origin samples, plant origin samples, etc. Also, this review focuses on the most recent and selected papers in the drug research from 2009 to the submission date in 2020, dealing with the analysis of different components using HILIC.

Results and Conclusion:

The literature survey showed that HILIC applications are increasing every year in pharmaceutical research. It was found that HILIC allows simultaneous analysis of many compounds using different detectors.