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Benoune RA, Dems MA, Boulcina R, Bensouici C, Robert A, Harakat D, Debache A. Synthesis, biological evaluation, theoretical calculations, QSAR and molecular docking studies of novel arylaminonaphthols as potent antioxidants and BChE inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107598. [PMID: 38959645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A completely green protocol was developed for the synthesis of a series of arylaminonaphthol derivatives in the presence of N-ethylethanolamine (NEEA) as a catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation and solventless conditions. The major assets of this methodology were the use of non-toxic organic medium, available catalyst, mild reaction condition, and good to excellent yield of desired products. All of the synthesized products were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and Ferric-phenanthroline assays and it was found that most of them are potent antioxidant agents. Also, their butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity has been investigated in vitro. All tested compounds exhibited potential inhibitory activity toward BuChE when compared to standard reference drug galantamine, however, compounds 4r, 4u, 4 g and 4x gave higher butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory with IC50 values of 14.78 ± 0.65 µM, 16.18 ± 0.50 µM, 20.00 ± 0.50 µM, and 20.28 ± 0.08 µM respectively. On the other hand, we employed density functional theory (DFT), calculations to analyze molecular geometry and global reactivity descriptors, and MESP analysis to predict electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation was conducted on the antioxidant and butyrylcholinesterase properties of 25 arylaminonaphthol derivatives, resulting in robust and satisfactory models. To evaluate their anti-Alzheimer's activity, compounds 4 g, 4q, 4r, 4u, and 4x underwent docking simulations at the active site of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), revealing why these compounds displayed superior activity, consistent with the biological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racha Amira Benoune
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Raouf Boulcina
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria; Department of Engineering Process, Faculty of Technology, Mostefa Benboulaïd-Batna 2 University, 5000 Batna, Algeria.
| | | | - Anthony Robert
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, URCATech, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, URCATech, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Abdelmadjid Debache
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Nunavath RS, Bhadram KC, Nagappan K. Characterization, quantification and a multi-computational in silico toxicity assessment of impurity (feruloyl methane) in synthetic curcumin using RP-HPLC-UV technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115614. [PMID: 37572596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Feruloyl Methane (FM) is a common impurity in Synthetic Curcumin (SC) that affects its purity and potency. The identification and quantification of FM is crucial to ensure the quality and safety of SC based drugs. The current study aims to develop and validate a simple, rapid and cost-effective analytical technique for the precise and accurate quantification of FM in SC using RP-HPLC with a UV-Vis detector (Ultraviolet/Visible) and assessment of its toxicity by multi-computational methods. The developed HPLC method with a UV-Vis detector enabled accurate identification and quantification of FM in SC. The optimized method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines Q2(R1) and all parameters were found to be within the standard acceptance range. The ideal run time was determined to be 10 min and the impurity eluting at a retention time of 2.65 min was characterized using spectral techniques viz., mass spectrometry, FTIR and 1 H NMR, confirming the presence of FM. The amount of FM in SC was estimated to be 8.26 µg/kg. In addition, toxicity assessments using in silico tools such as ProTox- II, ADMETlab 2.0 and PASS Online indicated that the presence of FM in SC is not safe for human consumption. In conclusion, the developed method is not only capable of quantifying FM but also aids in distinguishing Natural Curcumin (NC) adulterated with SC and can be applied to a wide range of fields such as natural drug analysis, food analysis and toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Shekhar Nunavath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalyan Chekraverthy Bhadram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaveni Nagappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kundu S, N S, T DAK. Discovery of pharmacological agents for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37713334 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2250449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Global burden of breast cancer is expected to cross 26 million new cases by 2030. The term 'triple negative breast cancer' (TNBC) refers to lack of expression of hormone receptors (ER, PR and HER2). 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition promotes breast cancer apoptosis, ferroptosis and inhibits metastases. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induces cell survival in breast cancer through stimulation of angiogenesis. Therefore, inhibiting NF-B signalling can stop the growth of tumours. In light of these facts, an attempt is made to investigate binding characteristics of LOX inhibitors against 5-LOX (PDB-IDs 3V99 and 6N2W) and NF-κB (PDB-IDs 4KIK and 3DO7) through molecular docking, MM-GBSA calculation, molecular dynamic simulations (MDSs) and drug-likeness analysis. The eight lead molecules A169, A156, A162, A154, A102, A240, A86 and A58 were identified. The higher NF-B inhibiting potential of A169 was discovered through the sequential HTVS, SP docking and XP docking study. The hydrophobic interaction of Leu607, Phe610, Gln557 and Asn554 with 3V99 and Cys99, Glu97 and Arg20 of 4KIK is crucial for the inhibition. The LE, LLE and FQ values of A169 suggest their optimal binding with the target. This study strongly suggests the LOX and NF-κB inhibitory potential of A169, further lead optimisation and biological validation requires for the confirmations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Kundu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi N
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Durai Ananda Kumar T
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Cerqua I, Musella S, Peltner LK, D’Avino D, Di Sarno V, Granato E, Vestuto V, Di Matteo R, Pace S, Ciaglia T, Bilancia R, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Di Micco S, Bifulco G, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Rodriquez M, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Campiglia P, Ostacolo C, Roviezzo F, Werz O, Rossi A, Bertamino A. Discovery and Optimization of Indoline-Based Compounds as Dual 5-LOX/sEH Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Characterization. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14456-14480. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cerqua
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lukas Klaus Peltner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Danilo D’Avino
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Granato
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rita Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rossella Bilancia
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simone Di Micco
- European Biomedical Research Institute (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi 50, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Rodriquez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi 50, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Sobiech M, Giebułtowicz J, Woźnica M, Jaworski I, Luliński P. Theoretical and experimental model of molecularly imprinted polymer surface microenvironment for selective stationary phase – Exemplary of S-pramipexole for potential pharmaceutical analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Recent trends in pharmaceutical analysis to foster modern drug discovery by comparative in-silico profiling of drugs and related substances. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bošković J, Ružić D, Čudina O, Nikolic K, Dobričić V. Design of Dual COX-2 and 5-LOX Inhibitors with Iron-Chelating Properties
Using Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Methods. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210714161908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation is a critical component of many disease progressions, such as malignancy,
cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. The inhibition of inflammatory mediators synthesis by
modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways provides challenging strategy
for development of more effective drugs.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to design dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors with iron-chelating
properties using a combination of ligand-based (three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship
(3D-QSAR)) and structure-based (molecular docking) methods.
Methods:
The 3D-QSAR analysis was applied on a literature dataset consisting of 28 dual COX-2 and 5-
LOX inhibitors in Pentacle software. The quality of developed COX-2 and 5-LOX 3D-QSAR models
were evaluated by internal and external validation methods. The molecular docking analysis was performed
in GOLD software, while selected ADMET properties were predicted in ADMET predictor software.
Results:
According to the molecular docking studies, the class of sulfohydroxamic acid analogues, previously
designed by 3D-QSAR, were clustered as potential dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors with ironchelating
properties. Based on the 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, 1j, 1g and 1l were selected as the
most promising dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. According to the in silico ADMET predictions, all
compounds had ADMET_Risk score less than 7 and CYP_Risk score lower than 2.5. Designed compounds
were not estimated as hERG inhibitors and 1j had improved intrinsic solubility (8.704) in comparison
to the dataset compounds (0.411-7.946).
Conclusion:
By combining 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, three compounds (1j, 1g and 1l) were
selected as the most promising designed dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors, for which good activity, as
well as favourable ADMET properties and toxicity, are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bošković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ružić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Čudina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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ALSaeedy M, Al-Adhreai A, Öncü-Kaya EM, Şener E. An Overview of Advances in the Chromatography of Drugs Impurity Profiling. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1455-1471. [PMID: 35180027 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2032587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A systematic literature survey published in several journals of pharmaceutical chemistry and of chromatography used to analyze impurities for most of the drugs that have been reviewed. This article covers the period from 2016 to 2020, in which almost of chromatographic techniques have been used for drug impurity analysis. These chromatography techniques are important in the analysis and description of drug impurities. Moreover, some recent developments in forced impurity profiling have been discussed, such as buffer solutions, mobile phase, columns, elution modes, and detectors are highlighted in drugs used for the study. This primarily focuses on thorough updating of different analytical methods which include hyphenated techniques for detecting and quantifying impurity and degradation levels in various pharmaceutical matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed ALSaeedy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Arwa Al-Adhreai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, India
| | - Elif Mine Öncü-Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Erol Şener
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Jahani M, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Akaberi M, Rajabi O, Hadizadeh F. Recent Progresses in Analytical Perspectives of Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling in Pharmaceutical Developments: An Updated Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1094-1115. [PMID: 35108132 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2008226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation studies have been used to simplify analytical methodology development and achieve a deeper knowledge about the inherent stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and drug products. This provides insight into degradation species and pathways. Identification of impurities in pharmaceutical products is closely related to the selection of the most appropriate analytical methods like HPLC-UV, LC-MS/MS, LC-NMR, GC-MS, and capillary electrophoresis. Herein, recent trends in analytical perspectives during 2018-April 14, 2021, are discussed based on forced and impurity degradation profiling of pharmaceuticals. Literature review showed that several methods have been used for experimental design and analysis conditions such as matrix type, column type, mobile phase, elution modes, detection wavelengths, and therapeutic category. Thus, since these factors influence the separation and identification of the impurities and degradation products, we attempted to perform a statistical analysis for the developed methods according to the abovementioned factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ganorkar SB, Chaudhari SR, Bobade PS, Pawar SM, Shirkhedkar AA. HPLC‐PDA Identification and Resolution of Rufinamide Forced Degradation Impurities: A Congregated Chemometric Expedite Optimization Coupled with Factorials & Desirability. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5345. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh B. Ganorkar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Suraj R. Chaudhari
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Preeti S. Bobade
- Department of Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Sagar M. Pawar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Atul A. Shirkhedkar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
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Shaaban MA, Kamal AM, Faggal SI, Farag NA, Aborehab NM, Elsahar AE, Mohamed KO. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new pyrazoloquinazoline derivatives as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000027. [PMID: 32696514 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new series of pyrazoloquinazoline derivatives equipped with different chalcones was designed, synthesized, and identified through 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and infrared spectroscopic techniques. Our design strategy of the quinazolinone-privileged scaffold as a new scaffold was based on merging pharmacophores previously reported to exhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory activity. All the newly synthesized derivatives were biologically evaluated for COX and 5-LOX inhibitory activity and COX-2 selectivity, using celecoxib and zileuton as reference drugs, as they exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 3j was found to be the most promising derivative, with IC50 values of 667 and 47 nM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, which are superior to that of celecoxib (IC50 value against COX-2 = 95 nM), showing an SI of 14.2 that was much better than celecoxib. Compounds 3f and 3h exhibited COX-1 inhibition, with IC50 values of 1,485 and 684 nM, respectively. The synthesized compounds showed a significant inhibitory activity against 5-LOX, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 4.3 µM, where compounds 3f and 3h were found to be the most potent derivatives, with IC50 values of 0.6 and 1.0 µM, respectively, in comparison with that of zileuton (IC50 = 0.8 µM). These promising derivatives, 3f, 3h, and 3j, were further investigated in vivo for anti-inflammatory, gastric ulcerogenic effects, and prostaglandin production (PGE2) in rat serum. The molecular docking studies concerning the binding sites of COX-2 and 5-LOX revealed similar orientation, compared with reported inhibitors, which encouraged us to design new leads targeting COX-2 and 5-LOX as dual inhibitors, as a new avenue in anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar I Faggal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Elsahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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