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Arslan Z, Kartufan FF, Kuloglu Genc M, Battal D, Yayla M, Turkmen Z. An analytical approach to determining pethidine: An investigation of 18 patients' urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115670. [PMID: 37647794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pethidine (PET) is an opioid pain-relief medicine with high addiction potential, especially among health professionals. Pethidine is commonly prescribed in Turkey as a pain-relieving medication for operative purposes. Due to its accessibility, low cost, user-friendliness, and effectiveness, PET is often misused by both healthcare professionals and patients. For this reason, analytical determination methods for PET abuse are essential in terms of forensic toxicology. In this study, a fast, reliable, and accurate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the first time in Turkey for the simultaneous detection of PET and its main urinary metabolite norpethidine (NPET). The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), trueness, and precision according to the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology guidelines. The linear range was between 0.125-25.00 μg/mL for PET and 1.00-20.00 μg/mL for NPET. The LOD values for PET and NPET were 0.05 µg/mL and 0.49 µg/mL, while the LOQ values were 0.125 µg/mL and 1.00 µg/mL, respectively. Extraction efficiencies were calculated as 113% for PET and 104% for NPET. The intra-assay and inter-assay precision results were within acceptable limits. In the presented study, the validated method was applied to the urine of 18 patients collected at the 1st and 3rd hours after receiving PET. All samples in the study were collected under patients' consent and in line with ethical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Arslan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, The Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Kuloglu Genc
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, The Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Battal
- Mersin University, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Murat Yayla
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, The Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Turkmen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, The Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kamaraj S, Vuppu S. Recent Review on the Extraction and Qualitative Assay of Cysteine and Other Amino Acids from Vellore Feather Waste and Molecular Docking Studies of Cysteine for Pharmacological Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00862-4. [PMID: 37715883 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Products produced from waste are a relatively recent innovation. Feather substrates are abundant in keratin content and improper disposal can cause ecosystem contamination. However, these pollutants can be transformed into value-added products for industrial application. Physical, chemical and cutting-edge microbiological methods were utilized for decomposing keratin and aid in the identification and estimation of amino acids from poultry feather wastes. These beneficial approaches are receiving more attention due to their retrieval of harmless and value added byproducts. These keratin-based compounds are used widely in pharmaceutical, livestock feed, fertilizer, and a variety of other industrial sectors. Since keratin is primarily consisting of amino acids, it can be utilized to affirm and estimate the amino acids in these feather substrates. This study primarily highlights the various methodologies employed for the qualitative estimation of amino acids in feather waste samples and the inhibitory activity of keratinase enzyme by EDTA and pepstatin in order to accumulate amino acids for drug delivery purpose and their importance in various pharmaceutical industries. In addition to that, molecular docking studies of cysteine with many standard pharmaceutical drugs like acetaminophen, pethidine, methylphenidate, carbamazepine, cillin and amlodipine were performed using autodock to demonstrate how cysteine greatly reduces conventional drug toxicity and its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathvika Kamaraj
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Karimzadeh Z, Gharekhani A, Rahimpour E, Jouyban A. Dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent probe based on N-doped CQDs@UiO-66/PVA nanocomposite hydrogel for quantification of pethidine in human plasma. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:128. [PMID: 36899094 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) sensor for pethidine detection is described based on UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) modified with N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) embedded in hydrogel nanocomposites. Benefitting from the inovative design of the doping method in the carbonaceous structure, N-CQDs were successfully deposited in the pores of the UiO-66 network. Then, N-CQDs were employed as a sensitive segment toward the target molecules. UiO-66 was used for sensitive and selective sensing of the bonding interactions between N-CQDs and pethidine so that the electron transfer process from UiO-66 to the pethidine-N-CQD complex results in quenching the SFS intensity of UiO-66. To embed the stable and suitable sensing interface for pethidine assessment, the designed nanomaterial was inserted into the hydrogel network. This nanocomposite hydrogel showed two well-resolved emission peaks at 300 nm and 350 nm under ∆λ = 70, which corresponded to N-CQDs and UiO-66, respectively. The SFS sensing platform was employed for ratiometric detection of pethidine with a low limit of detection of 0.002 μg mL-1 over a wide concentration range from 0.005 to 1.0 μg mL-1. The accurate monitoring of pethidine with a good recovery of 90.8-101.5% indicated their independency from matrix effects for pethidine detection in human plasma being a complicated biological matrix. Scheme 1. General procedure for synthesizing N-CQDs@UiO-66/PVA hydrogel-based nanoprobe and its application for pethidine determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Gharekhani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, PO BOX, 99138 Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Shahinfard H, Shabani-Nooshabadi M, Reisi-Vanani A, Ansarinejad H. A novel platform based on CoMn 2O 4-rGO/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride modified carbon paste electrode for voltammetric detection of pethidine in the presence morphine and olanzapine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134710. [PMID: 35487358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the development of a new electrochemical platform based on CoMn2O4-rGO/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride modified carbon paste electrode (CoMn2O4-rGO/IL/CPE) for electrochemical determination of pethidine in the presence of biological species. For the first time, the electrooxidation mechanism of pethidine in presences of morphine and olanzapine is investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technologies. The as-synthesized CoMn2O4-rGO nanocomposites are characterized by physicochemical measurements such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The obtained results illustrated synergistic interactions between rGO and CoMn2O4 structures. Also, to investigate the electrode charge-transfer resistances, electrochemical features of the resulting nanocomposites are studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Based on the result, three segmented linear ranges are observed over the range 0.08-900 μM and detection limit of 0.024 μM. Over the 10.0-40.0 μM ranges of pethidine in phosphate buffer solution (PBS-pH 7.0), suitable diffusion coefficient of 5.67 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 is evaluated by chronoamperometry technique (CHA). Finally, the CoMn2O4-rGO/IL/CPE with high sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability is successfully used for determination of pethidine in real sample and drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Shahinfard
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Adel Reisi-Vanani
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Ansarinejad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Preparation and Functional Identification of a Novel Conotoxin QcMNCL-XIII0.1 from Conus quercinus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020099. [PMID: 35202127 PMCID: PMC8877388 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conotoxins are tools used by marine Conus snails to hunt and are a significant repository for marine drug research. Conotoxins highly selectively coordinate different subtypes of various ion channels, and a few have been used in pain management. Although more than 8000 conotoxin genes have been found, the biological activity and function of most have not yet been examined. In this report, we selected the toxin gene QcMNCL-XIII0.1 from our previous investigation and studied it in vitro. First, we successfully prepared active recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 using a TrxA (Thioredoxin A)-assisted folding expression vector based on genetic engineering technology. Animal experiments showed that the recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 exhibited nerve conduction inhibition similar to that of pethidine hydrochloride. With flow cytometry combined fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM, we found that 10 ng/μL recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 inhibited the fluorescence intensity by 31.07% in the 293T cell model transfected with Cav3.1, implying an interaction between α1G T-type calcium channel protein and recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1. This toxin could be an important drug in biomedical research and medicine for pain control.
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Khorablou Z, Shahdost-Fard F, Razmi H. Voltammetric determination of pethidine in biofluids at a carbon cloth electrode modified by carbon selenide nanofilm. Talanta 2021; 239:123131. [PMID: 34920261 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing a sensitive portable sensor for the screening of illicit drugs is always challenging. Due to the importance of pethidine (PTD) tracking in addiction diagnosis, many demands have recently increased for a selective and real-time sensor. Herein, a simple electrochemical sensor has been developed based on conductive carbon cloth (CC) modified with carbon selenide nanofilms (CSe2NF) to provide a CSe2NF/CC electrode as a novel PTD sensing tool. Profiting from the ingenious design of doping strategy during the synthesis process, Se was doped in the carbonaceous skeleton of the CC. Thus, the active surface area of the CSe2NF (4.61 cm2) increased respect to the unmodified CC (0.094 cm2) to embed a suitable sensing interface in the fast PTD assay. By optimizing some effective experimental parameters such as pH, supporting electrolyte, Se powder amount, scan rate and accumulation time, the sensor catalyzed efficiently the oxidation reaction of PTD at 0.97 V. Based on peak current variations, the PTD was measured over a broad concentration range from 29 nM up to 181.8 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 19.3 nM compared to the other reported PTD sensors. The developed flexible sensor recognized the spiked PTD concentrations in some biofluids, including human blood, urine and saliva. The results of PTD analysis in the non-spiked and spiked blood, urine and saliva samples as the real samples by the developed sensor were validated by HPLC analysis as the reference method using t-test statistical method at confidence level of 5%. This sensing strategy based on the binder-free electrode could be promising for designing some sizable wearable sensors at a low cost. The high sensitivity of the sensor, which is a bonus for the rapid and on-site measurement of PTD, may open up a route for noninvasive routine analysis in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Khorablou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran
| | | | - Habib Razmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran.
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