Development of a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of hormones in bovine muscle

Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Anabolic Andro-Genic Steroids in Livestock and Poultry Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are usually illegally added to animal feed because they can significantly promote animal growth and increase carcasses' leanness, which threatens the safety of animal-derived foods and indirectly hazards human health. This study aimed to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of twelve AAS residues in livestock and poultry meat. The homogenized samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid (v/v) and purified using the one-step extraction column. After concentration using nitrogen, the residues were redissolved in acetonitrile and then quantified with an external standard method using UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the above-mentioned method had a satisfactory linear correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9903) with a concentration range of 1-100 μg/L, and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.03-0.33 μg/kg and 0.09-0.90 μg/kg, respectively. With the intraday and interday precision less than 15%, the average recoveries of pork, beef, lamb, and chicken, at different spiked levels, ranged from 68.3 to 93.3%, 68.0 to 99.4%, 71.6 to 109.8%, and 70.5 to 97.7%, respectively. Overall, the established method is validated, precise, and capable of the high-throughput determination of the residues of twelve AASs in livestock and poultry meat.

Determination of oxprenolol, methandienone and testosterone in meat samples by UHPLC-Q-ToF

The presence of some drugs in meat samples can cause threat to human health, therefore, its analysis is highly desirable for food safety purposes. In this work, a solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of oxprenolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, and such anabolic agents as methandienone and testosterone in beef meat samples has been developed. Extraction conditions were optimized to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy of the results. The procedure was validated using meat samples free from target analytes. As a result, high selectivity and sensitivity were observed with the detection limits between 0.25 and 1.25 ng/g, and the results were not affected by matrix components. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of real beef samples purchased in the market, and the results have revealed the presence of contaminated samples. The concentration of oxprenolol in the contaminated sample was 7 ng/g, methandienone content in the sample was 30 ng/g, while testosterone level was 4 ng/g.

Hormones residues in bovine animals: Sampling, analysis and health risk assessment

The use of hormones for breeding animal livestock has been banned since 1981 under the Council Directive 81/602/EC. So far, each country should monitor the use of anabolic hormones in animal production to protect the consumer's health against these unwanted residues. This paper presents the research results on steroid and non-steroid hormones residues carried out in Lebanon from 2018 to 2020. Using a newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method, the detection and the quantification of hormones in bovine matrices were done. The targeted matrices were muscle, liver, kidney, and bile. A total of two-hundred and forty-seven samples were collected from different slaughterhouses located in six different cities in Lebanon. Interestingly, only four hormones were found: testosterone, progesterone, epitestosterone, and 6 propyl 2thiouracil. Based on the obtained data, the estimated daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index were calculated to evaluate an exposure assessment.