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Yang Y, Kong J, Liu Y, Wu Q, Cao Y, Qiu J, Zhang L, Gong X, Zhao F, Cao X, Wang J. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two cyclosporine oral solution formulations in cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:940472. [PMID: 36032284 PMCID: PMC9399922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.940472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profiles and bioequivalence of two cyclosporine oral solutions were investigated in cats. Twenty-four cats were randomly allocated to two equally sized treatment groups in a randomized four-cycle, and dual-sequence cross-over design. Test and reference articles were orally administered in a single dose of 7 mg/kg Bodyweight. Serial blood samples were collected, and blood cyclosporine concentration was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). No significant differences were present in the major pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0−last,) between the two formulations. The blood profiles of cyclosporine following the administration of both formulations were similar. The findings of the study suggested that the two articles were bioequivalent for cyclosporine oral solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyao Wu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyuan Cao
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Jianzhong Wang ;
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Wu L, Ye Z, Zhang X, Zheng A, Zhang X, Chen L, Ouyang D, Zheng L, Liu X. Development and evaluation of a new test kit for determination of immunosuppressants in blood by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 215:114756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seyfinejad B, Jouyban A. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs: Analytical and clinical practices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114315. [PMID: 34399192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) play a key role in short-term patient survival together with very low acute allograft rejection rates in transplant recipients. Due to the narrow therapeutic index and large inter-patient pharmacokinetic variability of ISDs, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is needed to dose adjustment for each patient (personalized medicine approach) to avoid treatment failure or side effects of the therapy. To achieve this, TDM needs to be done effectively. However, it would not be possible without the proper clinical practice and analytical tools. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide to establish reliable TDM, followed by a critical overview of the current analytical methods and clinical practices for the TDM of ISDs, and to discuss some of the main practical aspects of the TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO BOX: 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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