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Yaylaci Karahalil F, Bakirhan F, Kara Y. In Vitro Determination of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Various Natural Products (Bee and Herbal Products). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301330. [PMID: 38220973 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
It is obvious that the oxidation process is an undeniable fact and when it comes to aging, one of the first solutions that come to mind is natural products. When it comes to natural products, both plants and bee products play an important, almost combative role against oxidation. For this purpose, natural products of both plant and animal origin were considered together in our study: Linden, green tea, aronia, wild grapes, myrtle, blueberries and basil, honey, pollen and propolis. Total phenolic content values of the extracts ranged between 49.28 and 3859.06 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and propolis, green tea, chestnut flower and aronia samples were found to have the highest values. When looking at the NOS inhibition potential, it was determined that propolis, pollen and aronia samples had the highest percentage inhibition values of 98.11, 92.29, 83.44, respectively. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts were investigated using iron(III) reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test and NOS inhibition tests. The phenolic composition of methanolic extracts was tested using the RP-HPLC-UV (high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet) method with 19 phenolic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yaylaci Karahalil
- Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Biochemistry Program, 61750, Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bakirhan
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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de Almeida-Junior S, Ferraz MVF, de Oliveira AR, Maniglia FP, Bastos JK, Furtado RA. Advances in the phytochemical screening and biological potential of propolis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:886-899. [PMID: 37038052 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural resinous product collected from different parts of plants by bees and mixed with their salivary secretions. The occurrence of more than 180 different chemotypes has flavonoids, phenolic acids, esters, and phenolic aldehydes, as well as balsamic resins, beeswax, pollen, and essential and aromatic oils, among others. Its biological potential documented throughout the world justifies the need, from time to time, to organize reviews on the subject, with the intention of gathering and informing about the update on propolis. In this review (CRD42020212971), phytochemical advances, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical biological assays of pharmacological interest are showcased. The focus of this work is to present propolis clinical safety assays, antitumor, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. This literature review highlights propolis' promising biological activity, as it also suggests that studies associating propolis with nanotechnology should be further explored for enhanced bioprocessing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio de Almeida-Junior
- Biosciences and Health Laboratory, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vitor Ferreira Ferraz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Roberto de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Animal Science Laboratory, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Animal Science Laboratory, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
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Vieira ALS, Correia VTDV, Ramos ALCC, da Silva NHA, Jaymes LAC, Melo JOF, de Paula ACCFF, Garcia MAVT, de Araújo RLB. Evaluation of the Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Green, Brown, and Dark Propolis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3204. [PMID: 37765368 PMCID: PMC10537587 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g-1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g-1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g-1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Santos Vieira
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga Correia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Nayana Hayss Araújo da Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Leonardo Assis Campos Jaymes
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Julio Onésio Ferreira Melo
- Department of Exact and Biological Sciences, Campus Sete Lagoas, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Vieira Teixeira Garcia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Raquel Linhares Bello de Araújo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
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Guzelmeric E, Özdemir D, Sen NB, Celik C, Yesilada E. Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in propolis samples from the Black Sea Region (Türkiye) based on HPTLC images using partial least squares and genetic inverse least squares methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115338. [PMID: 36965375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex chemical composition of propolis is related to the plant source to be used by honeybees. Propolis type is defined based on the plant source with the highest proportion in its composition, which is determined by chromatographic techniques as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). In addition to marker component identification to specify the propolis type, quantification of its proportion is also significant for prediction and reproducible pharmacological activity. One drawback for propolis marker component quantitation is that during the chromatographical analysis, not the main but the other plant sources with less proportion may cause interferences during the chemical analysis. In this study, the amounts of marker components were compared with the reference analysis data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and from HPTLC images using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Genetic Inverse Least Squares (GILS) regression methods. Firstly, HPTLC images of propolis samples were processed by an image algorithm (developed in MATLAB) where the bands of each standard and the samples were cut same dimensional pieces as 351 × 26 pixels in height and width, respectively. Simultaneously, reference analysis of the marker components in propolis samples was performed with a validated HPLC method. Consequently, the reference values obtained from HPLC versus PLS, and GILS predicted values of the eight compounds based on the digitized HPTLC images of the chromatograms were found to be matched successfully. The results of the multivariate calibration models demonstrated that HPTLC images could be used quantitatively for quality control of propolis used as a food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etil Guzelmeric
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Durmuş Özdemir
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 35430 İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Nisa Beril Sen
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Cansel Celik
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkiye
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Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Berdav Propolis Using LC-MS/MS: Determination of Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma, and Antidiabetic Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041739. [PMID: 36838726 PMCID: PMC9965732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a complex natural compound that honeybees obtain from plants and contributes to hive safety. It is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of propolis were investigated; ABTS•+, DPPH• and DMPD•+ were prepared using radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of propolis were 53 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 170.164 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. The ferric ion (Fe3+) reduction, CUPRAC and FRAP reduction capacities were also studied. The antioxidant and reducing capacities of propolis were compared with those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and Trolox reference standards. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values of propolis for ABTS•+, DPPH• and DMPD•+ scavenging activities were found to be 8.15, 20.55 and 86.64 μg/mL, respectively. Propolis extract demonstrated IC50 values of 3.7, 3.4 and 19.6 μg/mL against α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme, respectively. These enzymes' inhibition was associated with diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glaucoma. The reducing power, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition capacity of propolis extract were comparable to those demonstrated by the standards. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds, including acacetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, naringenin, chrysin, quinic acid, quercetin, and ferulic acid, were determined by LC-MS/MS to be major organic compounds in propolis. The polyphenolic antioxidant-rich content of the ethanol extract of propolis appears to be a natural product that can be used in the treatment of diabetes, AD, glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancerous diseases.
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Investigation of phenolic contents and bioactivities of water-based extracts prepared from cryogenically pulverized Turkish propolis. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Zulhendri F, Lesmana R, Tandean S, Christoper A, Chandrasekaran K, Irsyam I, Suwantika AA, Abdulah R, Wathoni N. Recent Update on the Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Propolis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238473. [PMID: 36500579 PMCID: PMC9740431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research has demonstrated the efficacy propolis as a potential raw material for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. There is limited report detailing the mechanisms of action of propolis and its bioactive compounds in relation to their anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the latest experimental evidence (2017-2022) regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis. A systematic scoping review methodology was implemented. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 166 research publications were identified and retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed. Several key themes related to the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis were subsequently identified, namely in relation to cancers, oral health, metabolic syndrome, organ toxicity and inflammation, immune system, wound healing, and pathogenic infections. Based on the latest experimental evidence, propolis is demonstrated to possess various mechanisms of action in modulating inflammation towards the regulatory balance and anti-inflammatory environment. In general, we summarize that propolis acts as an anti-inflammatory substance by inhibiting and downregulating TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, TRIF, NLRP inflammasomes, NF-κB, and their associated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Propolis also reduces the migration of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, possibly by downregulating the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zulhendri
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe 22171, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Steven Tandean
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20222, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Andreas Christoper
- Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Ilham Irsyam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20222, Indonesia
| | - Auliya A. Suwantika
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Center of Biopolymers for Drug and Cosmetic Delivery, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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