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Gandhi VV, Pal MK, Singh BG, Das RP, Wadawale AP, Dey S, Kunwar A. Deuterium labeling improves the therapeutic index of 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid as an anticancer agent: insights from redox reactions. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2165-2178. [PMID: 38911162 PMCID: PMC11187547 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a selenocystine derivative, has been previously reported as an oral supplement for anticancer/radio-modulation activities. The present study is focused on devising a strategy to synthesize and characterize the deuterated derivative of DSePA and on understanding the effect of deuteration on its therapeutic index by comparing its cytotoxicity in cancerous versus non-cancerous cell types. In this context, the synthesis of 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid-D8 (D-DSePA) was accomplished in ∼42% yield. Further, the results clearly established that the deuteration of DSePA significantly reduced its cytotoxicity in non-cancerous cell types while retaining its cytotoxicity in cancerous cell lines. Together, D-DSePA displayed a ∼5-fold higher therapeutic index than the non-deuterated derivative for anticancer activity. The biochemical and NMR studies confirmed that the better biocompatibility of D-DSePA than its non-deuterated derivative in non-cancerous cells was due to its ability to undergo slower redox reactions and to cause lesser inhibition of intracellular redox enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Gandhi
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25505151 91 22 25592352/25595399
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400 094 India
| | - M K Pal
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25592589
| | - B G Singh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25505151 91 22 25592352/25595399
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400 094 India
| | - R P Das
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25505151 91 22 25592352/25595399
| | - A P Wadawale
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25592589
| | - S Dey
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25592589
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400 094 India
| | - A Kunwar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 25505151 91 22 25592352/25595399
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400 094 India
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Yang C, Xue M, He Y, Yin H, Yang C, Zhong D, Zeng H, Zheng Y, Diao X. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of [ 14C]BS1801, a Selenium-Containing Drug Candidate, in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:8102. [PMID: 38138590 PMCID: PMC10745422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BS1801 is a selenium-containing drug candidate with potential for treating liver and lung fibrosis. To fully elucidate the biotransformation of BS1801 in animals and provide sufficient preclinical drug metabolism data for human mass balance study, the metabolism of BS1801 in rats was investigated. We used radiolabeling techniques to investigate the mass balance, tissue distribution, and metabolite identification of BS1801 in Sprague-Dawley/Long-Evans rats after a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg (100 μCi/kg) [14C]BS1801: 1. The mean recovery of radioactive substances in urine and feces was 93.39% within 168 h postdose, and feces were the main excretion route. 2. Additionally, less than 1.00% of the dose was recovered from either urine or bile. 3. BS1801-related components were widely distributed throughout the body. 4. Fifteen metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, feces, and bile, and BS1801 was detected only in feces. 5. BS1801-M484, the methylation product obtained via a N-Se bond reduction in BS1801, was the most abundant drug-related component in plasma. The main metabolic pathways of BS1801 were reduction, amide hydrolysis, oxidation, and methylation. Overall, BS1801 was distributed throughout the body, and excreted mainly as an intact BS1801 form through feces. No differences were observed between male and female rats in distribution, metabolism, and excretion of BS1801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mingzhen Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yifei He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Shanghai Yuanxi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yuandong Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xingxing Diao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Jedlovčnik L, Košmrlj J, Massey TE, Derdau V. Deuterated Drugs and Biomarkers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41840-41858. [PMID: 36440130 PMCID: PMC9685803 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially identified in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, COVID-19 rapidly spread globally, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 can experience symptoms ranging from mild to severe (or no symptoms whatsoever). Although vaccination provides extra immunity toward SARS-CoV-2, there has been an urgent need to develop treatments for COVID-19 to alleviate symptoms for carriers of the disease. In seeking a potential treatment, deuterated compounds have played a critical role either as therapeutic agents or as internal MS standards for studying the pharmacological properties of new drugs by quantifying the parent compounds and metabolites. We have identified >70 examples of deuterium-labeled compounds associated with treatment of COVID-19. Of these, we found 9 repurposed drugs and >20 novel drugs studied for potential therapeutic roles along with a total of 38 compounds (drugs, biomarkers, and lipids) explored as internal mass spectrometry standards. This review details the synthetic pathways and modes of action of these compounds (if known), and a brief analysis of each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Luka Jedlovčnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Thomas E. Massey
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Volker Derdau
- Research
& Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst G876, Frankfurt/Main 65926, Germany
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Tian Q, Jiang J, Yin H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu P, Peng C, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zeng H, Zhong D. Investigating the Metabolic Mechanisms of Butaselen, An Ebselen Analog. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:928-939. [PMID: 35619304 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220520115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butaselen is an ebselen analog that is under clinical trials for treating hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis. Our previous studies showed that butaselen is mainly present in human plasma in the form of M2, a free Se-methylated metabolite. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms of butaselen. METHODS AND RESULTS Butaselen was incubated with human plasma. Butaselen immediately disappeared, and the butaselen-HSA (human serum albumin) adduct was detected by HPLC-HRMS, showing that butaselen covalently binds to HSA. The butaselen-HSA adduct was precipitated using acetonitrile and then incubated with PBS, Cys, and GSH for 1 hour. The product was M1, a reduced form of butaselen. The results indicated that HSA, Cys, and GSH can reduce the butaselen-HSA covalent bond. The binding site for butaselen could be the cysteine-34 residue of HSA through pronase and trypsin hydrolysis. Incubating butaselen with cysteine, butaselen-Cys, butaselen-2Cys, and M1 were generated, indicating the covalent binding and reduction of butaselen by cysteine. We incubated liver microsomes and cytosol with butaselen, 6.22 and 246 nM M2 were generated, respectively. The results demonstrated that cytosolic enzymes are mainly involved in M2 production. The amount of M2 in the liver cytosol decreased from 246 nM to 2.21 nM when 10 mM m-anisic acid (a specific TPMT enzyme inhibitor) was added, showing that TPMT is responsible for M2 formation. CONCLUSION Butaselen was covalently bound to HSA, and the binding site was the cysteine-34 residue of HSA. The butaselen-HSA adduct was reduced by free thiol compounds to generate M1. M1 was further metabolized to M2 by cytosolic TPMT. This study provides a basis for studying the pharmacokinetics of selenium-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yilin Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jialan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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