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Ge Y, Liu M, Deng X, Liao L. Derivatization-Enhanced Analysis of Glucocorticoids for Structural Characterization by Gas Chromatography-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 29:200. [PMID: 38202782 PMCID: PMC10780989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are classified in section S9 of the Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency, due to a potential risk to improving physical performance and causing harm to the health of athletes. Based on the similar physiological actions of glucocorticoids, both differentiating known glucocorticoids and identifying unknown glucocorticoids are important for doping control. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry plays an important role in structural characterization because of abundant structural diagnostic ions produced by electron ionization. It also provides a chance to study the fragmentation patterns. Thus, an enhanced derivatization procedure was optimized to produce trimethylsilylated glucocorticoids and structural diagnostic ions of nineteen trimethylsilylated glucocorticoids were obtained by gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In our study, glucocorticoids were classified as: 3-keto-4-ene, 1,4-diene-3-keto, 3α-hydroxy with saturated A-ring, 21-hydroxy-20-keto and halo substituent glucocorticoids based on their structural difference. Structural diagnostic ions that contributed to structural characterization were specifically presented and the fragment patterns were demonstrated according to the above categories. This study not only gave new insights into the structural characterization of these glucocorticoids but also provided evidence for tracing unknown glucocorticoids or chemically modified molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Liao
- Shanghai Anti-Doping Laboratory, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.G.); (M.L.)
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Chen D, Wang B, Xu XL, Zhang MY, Bu XM, Yang S, Luo Y, Xu X. Kapok fiber-supported liquid extraction for convenient oil samples preparations: A feasibility and proof-of-concept study. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463480. [PMID: 36095972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel kapok fiber-supported liquid extraction (KF-SLE) method was developed for conveniently extracting analytes from oil samples. Natural kapok fiber without any pretreatment was directly used as an oil support medium. The extraction device was conveniently constructed by directly packing some kapok fibers into a syringe tube. Due to the fibrous property of the kapok fiber, no filter plate was needed. The cost of a KF-SLE device was as low as 0.5 CNY. The KF-SLE process was conveniently conducted using a simple three-step protocol: (1) the oil sample without any pretreatment including dilution was added directedly; (2) then, the oil-immiscible extractant was added; (3) after waiting a certain time for static extraction, the extractant was eluted out by pressing the kapok fibers with the syringe plunger. The extractant could be directly transferred for subsequent instrumental detection. For the feasibility and proof-of-concept study, the method was applied to quantify four synthetic flavor chemicals in edible oils. Satisfied quantification results were obtained with the correlation coefficient (R2) being greater than 0.996, the relative recoveries ranging from 92.90% to 107.53% and intra- and inter-day RSDs being less than 7.56%. All in all, for the first time, the SLE technique was expanded to process oil samples and the method has the characteristics of low cost, environmental friendliness, high sample processing throughput and ease of automation, offering a promising approach for edible oil sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Man-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Miao Bu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanbo Luo
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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