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Wang W, Ma Z, Shao Q, Wang J, Wu L, Huang X, Hu Z, Jiang N, Dai J, He L. Multi-MXene assisted large-scale manufacturing of electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme-nanoflower enhanced electrodes for the detection of H 2O 2 secreted from live cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12586-12598. [PMID: 38869377 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In situ monitoring of H2O2 in cellular microenvironments plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and pretreatment of cancer, but is limited by the lack of efficient and low-cost strategies for the large-scale preparation of real-time biosensors. Herein, a universal strategy for MXene-based composite inks combined with a scalable screen-printing process is validated in large-scale manufacturing of electrochemical biosensors for in situ detection of H2O2 secreted from live cells. Compositing biocompatible carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCS) with excellent conductive MXene, a water-based ink electrode (MXene/CMCS) with tunable viscosity is efficiently printed with desirable printing accuracy. Subsequently, the MXene/CMCS@HRP electrochemical biosensor exhibits stable electrochemical performance through HRP nanoflower modification, showing rapid electron transport and high electrocatalytic capacity, and demonstrating a low limit of detection (0.29 μM) with a wide linear detection range (0.5 μM-3 mM), superior sensitivity (56.45 μA mM-1 cm-2), long-term stability and high anti-interference ability. Moreover, this electrochemical biosensor is effectively employed for in situ detection of H2O2 secreted from HeLa cells, revealing good biocompatibility and outstanding biosensing capability. This proposed strategy not only extends the possibility of low-cost biomedical devices, but also provides a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyu Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangwang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Leixin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyao Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zilu Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin R&D Park of Sichuan University, Yibin 644005, P. R. China
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Lee IC, Li YCE, Thomas JL, Lee MH, Lin HY. Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:876-902. [PMID: 38175543 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An MXene is a novel two-dimensional transition metal carbide or nitride, with a typical formula of Mn+1XnTx (M = transition metals, X = carbon or nitrogen, and T = functional groups). MXenes have found wide application in biomedicine and biosensing, owing to their high biocompatibility, abundant reactive surface groups, good conductivity, and photothermal properties. Applications include photo- and electrochemical sensors, energy storage, and electronics. This review will highlight recent applications of MXene and MXene-derived materials in drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial activity, and biosensors (optical and electrochemical). We further elaborate on recent developments in utilizing MXenes for photothermal cancer therapy, and we explore multimodal treatments, including the integration of chemotherapeutic agents or magnetic nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The high surface area and reactivity of MXenes provide an interface to respond to the changes in the environment, allowing MXene-based drug carriers to respond to changes in pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and electrical signals for controlled release applications. Furthermore, the conductivity of MXene enables it to provide electrical stimulation for cultured cells and endows it with photocatalytic capabilities that can be used in antibiotic applications. Wearable and in situ sensors incorporating MXenes are also included. Major challenges and future development directions of MXenes in biomedical applications are also discussed. The remarkable properties of MXenes will undoubtedly lead to their increasing use in the applications discussed here, as well as many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - James L Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Rd., Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan.
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