1
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Chaabane L, Loupiac C, Bouyer F, Bezverkhyy I, Foley S, Assifaoui A. Adsorption of β-Lactoglobulin on Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16132-16144. [PMID: 39037867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
SBA-15 mesoporous materials were synthesized with different pore sizes (5 and 10 nm) and thiol-functionalized groups and then characterized to describe their ability to differentially adsorb β-lactoglobulin (BLG), a globular protein with an ellipsoid shape measuring 6.9 nm in length and 3.6 nm in width. All adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacities of mesoporous materials for BLG were dependent on the duration of contact between the two materials (mesoporous material and BLG) and the initial BLG concentration. It was also shown that the pore sizes and thiol groups of SBA-15-based adsorbents are important factors for the BLG adsorption capacities. Among the tested adsorbents, thiol-functionalized SBA-15 with a 10 nm pore size (SBA-15-SH-10) showed the highest adsorption capacity (0.560 g·g-1) under optimal experimental conditions. Kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption occurs predominantly inside the pores, with interactions occurring on heterogeneous surfaces. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters indicate a spontaneous and exothermic behavior of the BLG adsorption process onto the thiol-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous adsorbent. Finally, the characterization of the SBA-15-SH-10 adsorbent at 308 K showed the occurrence of an oxidation reaction of the thiol groups to sulfonate groups during the adsorption process as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The spectra recorded after adsorption of the protein showed that this adsorption did not affect the secondary structure of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laroussi Chaabane
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Camille Loupiac
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Bouyer
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS─Université de Bourgogne, BP 47 870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS─Université de Bourgogne, BP 47 870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Foley
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Ali Assifaoui
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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2
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Nouri M, Hajiaghababaei L, Badiei A, Khalilian F, Mazloomifar A. Diaminonaphthalene functionalized LUS-1 as a fluorescence probe for simultaneous detection of Hg 2+ and Fe 3+ in Vetiver grass and Spinach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16376. [PMID: 39013906 PMCID: PMC11252323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the important problems in the environment is heavy metal pollution, and fluorescence is one of the best methods for their detection due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and relatively rapid and easy operation. In this study, 1,8-diaminonaphthalene functionalized super-stable mesoporous silica (DAN-LUS-1) was synthesized and used as a fluorescence probe to identify Hg2+ and Fe3+ in food samples. The TGA and FT-IR spectra illustrated that 1,8-diaminonaphthalene was grafted into LUS-1. XRD patterns verified that the LUS-1 and functionalized mesoporous silica have a hexagonal symmetrical array of nano-channels. SEM images showed that the rod-like morphology of LUS-1 was preserved in DAN-LUS-1. Also, surface area and pore diameter decreased from 824 m2 g⁻1 and 3.61 nm for the pure LUS-1 to 748 m2 g⁻1 and 3.43 nm for the DAN-LUS-1, as determined by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms. This reduction demonstrated that 1,8-diaminonaphthalene immobilized into the pore of LUS-1. The DAN-LUS-1 fluorescence properties as a chemical sensor were studied with a 340/407 nm excitation/emission wavelength that was quenched by Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions. Hg2+ and Fe3+ were quantified using the fluorescence response in the working range 8.25-13.79 × 10-6 and 3.84-10.71 × 10-6 mol/L, with detection limits of 8.5 × 10-8 M and 1.3 × 10-7 M, respectively. Hg2+ and Fe3+ were measured in vetiver grass and spinach. Since the Fe3+ quenching can move in the opposite direction with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a hiding compound for Fe3+, consequently, the circuit logic system was established with Fe3+, Hg2+, and SHMP as inputs and the fluorescent quench as the output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nouri
- Department of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Hajiaghababaei
- Department of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Khalilian
- Department of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mazloomifar
- Department of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Khan D, Shaily. Recent advances in isatin-based chemosensors: A comprehensive review. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4756. [PMID: 38838075 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive review presents an illuminating exploration of the vast potential of isatin, an easily accessible organic compound. This review is a valuable resource, offering a concise yet comprehensive account of the recent breakthroughs in isatin applications in medicinal chemistry, fluorescence sensing, and organic synthesis. Moreover, it dives into the exciting advancements in isatin-based chemosensors, demonstrating their remarkable ability to detect and recognize diverse cations and anions with exceptional precision. Researchers and scientists in the fields of sensing and organic chemistry will find this review indispensable for sparking innovation and developing cutting-edge technologies with significant real-world impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shaily
- Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, India
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4
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Huang J, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Liu HB, Wang J. Fluorescence ''turn-on'' probe for the selective detection of water in organic solvents based on functionalized mesoporous silica. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122099. [PMID: 36375288 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence ''turn-on'' probe, namely, TTA-SBA-15, for the selective detection of water (H2O) was designed by grafting terthiophene fluorophore onto ethylenediamine functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica. The maximum fluorescence emission peak of TTA-SBA-15 ranged from 462 nm (toluene) to 525 nm (methanol) in various organic solvents. No fluorescence was observed in H2O due to the donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, in which terthiophene acted as the donor and the amino group acted as the acceptor. Upon adding trace amounts of H2O into the TTA-SBA-15 suspensions dispersed in various organic solvents, TTA-SBA-15 was successfully applied as a ''turn-on'' fluorescent probe for the quantitative determination of trace H2O in organic solvents with high sensitivity and low detection limit. To demonstrate the selective detection mechanism of TTA-SBA-15 for H2O, the fluorescent spectra of two control materials (TT-SBA-15 and PyA-SBA-15) were also investigated in H2O and various organic solvents. The experimental results indicated that the terthiophene fluorophore and amine functional group on TTA-SBA-15 contributed to the H2O selectivity, highlighting the structure-activity relationships in developing organic functionalized mesoporous silica for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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5
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Tahmasebi Ashtiani S, Mohajer F, Badiei A, Varma R. Architecture of a Functionalized SBA-15 Chemosensor for the detection of Fe3+ Ions in Aqueous Media. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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6
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Huang J, Cai H, Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Liu HB, Wang J. Dual-functional pyrene implemented mesoporous silicon material used for the detection and adsorption of metal ions. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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7
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Trithiocyanuric acid-functionalized nanoporous silica: synthesis and application as an Ag+ selective optical probe. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Ziarani GM, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Badiei A. The Application of Modified SBA-15 as a Chemosensor. CURRENT NANOMATERIALS 2022; 7:4-24. [DOI: 10.2174/2405461506666210420132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
:
The Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15), with a large surface area covered with abundant
Si-OH active groups on the walls of its pores, can be modified with various organic compounds
to build organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which can be used as a catalyst in organic reactions,
drug delivery systems, nano sorbent due to its high capacity for removing heavy metals in
waste water and as chemosensors for ions. Tunable and straight channels of SBA-15 facilitate the
entrance and diffusion of ions through the channels. This paper presents a review of the past five
years of literature covering the application of SBA-15 as an ions chemosensor in the liquid and
gaseous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of
Chemistry, Collage of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Bordoloi P, Guha AK, Das DK. Condensation Product of 1-Naphthaldehyde and 3-Aminophenol: Fluorescent “on” Probe for Ce3+and “off” Probe for Dichromate (Cr2O72−). J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1189-1198. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Modulating the sensing behavior of functionalized mesoporous silica towards metal ions in aqueous medium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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A Fluorescent Chemosensor Based on Functionalized Nanoporous Silica (SBA-15 SBA-IC-MN) for Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Media. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Terthiophene-functionalized mesoporous silica-based fluorescence sensor for the detection of trace methyl orange in aqueous media. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:410. [PMID: 34739614 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A terthiophene-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica, i.e., TTU-SBA-15, was successfully developed and used as a highly selective and ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor for methyl orange (MO) detection. When the concentration of MO was increased, the fluorescence emission intensity of TTU-SBA-15 suspensions at 452 nm gradually decreased at an excitation wavelength of 368 nm, and the color of the suspension solutions changed obviously from blue to dark under 365 nm UV light. The fluorescence intensity at 452 nm was linearly proportional to the concentration of MO in the range 0.20 - 2.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.092 μM. Competitive pollutants, variations in pH, and sample recycling had subtle or negligible effects on the detection of MO. TTU-SBA-15 was applied to the determination of MO in tap water, and recoveries from spiked samples were in the range 98.3 - 103.0%. This study provides a convenient and effective strategy to realize highly sensitive and selective sensors that could target dyes via the functional modification of mesoporous materials.
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13
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Ziarani GM, Akhgar M, Mohajer F, Badiei A, Luque R. SBA-Pr-Is-TAP Functionalized Nanostructured Silica as a Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Fe 3+ and Cr 2O 72- Ions in Aqueous Media. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2533. [PMID: 34684975 PMCID: PMC8537779 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SBA-Pr-Is-TAP was synthesized via functionalization of SBA-15. The synthesized hybrid nanomaterial was characterized by various techniques including FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and BET. SBA-Pr-Is-TAP could precisely bind Fe3+ and Cr2O72- ions among a range of different species in aqueous media, consequently acting as a nanoporous chemosensor of Fe3+ and Cr2O72- ions. An excellent linear relation was observed between the nanoporous chemosensor and ion concentrations, with acceptable detection limits of 2.43 × 10-6 M and 3.96 × 10-7 M for Fe3+ and Cr2O72- ions respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893979, Iran; (M.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Maryam Akhgar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893979, Iran; (M.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893979, Iran; (M.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Grupo FQM-383, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Priyangga KTA, Kurniawan YS, Yuliati L, Purwono B, Wahyuningsih TD, Lintang HO. Novel luminescent Schiff's base derivative with an azo moiety for ultraselective and sensitive chemosensor of Fe 3+ ions. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1239-1248. [PMID: 33830632 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemosensors with ultrasensing capabilities for detection of metal ions have received particular attention when using luminescent organic compounds. Even though hundreds of chemosensor agents have been reported for Fe3+ ion sensing, the designs of those molecules have been complicated and time consuming, in addition to having limited application for aquatic samples due to their poor hydrophilicity. Here, we synthesized a novel azo-imine derivative (L2) that showed ultrasensitive and selective sensing for Fe3+ ions. L2 exhibited ultraselective detection of Fe3+ ions with a turn-off of its emission intensity at 341 nm in H2 O:MeOH (4:1 v/v) aqueous medium. This quenching phenomenon was in good agreement with its colour change from orange-yellowish to colourless. Its capability was shown due to its very low limit of detection and limit of quantification values of 0.31 and 1.04 μM, respectively. The interference study showed that L2 is ultraselective for the detection of Fe3+ ions without a significant reduction in its sensing capability even in competitive metal mixtures. Furthermore, direct Fe3+ quantification of tap and drinking water showed that L2 gave good recovery percentages. These findings demonstrated that the Schiff's base with an azo fluorophore derivative is a potential chemosensor agent for Fe3+ ions sensing applications in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Leny Yuliati
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik O Lintang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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15
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SBA-Pr-IS-MN synthesis and its application as Ag+ optical sensor in aqueous media. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Ziarani GM, Roshankar S, Mohajer F, Badiei A. The Synthesis and Application of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201210194444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanomaterials provide an extraordinary advantage for making
new and superior heterogeneous catalysts because of their surface silanol groups. The functionalized
mesoporous SBA-15, such as acidic, basic, BrÖnsted, lewis acid, and chiral catalysts,
are used for a wide range of organic syntheses. The importance of the chiral ligands,
which were immobilized on the SBA-15, was mentioned in this review to achieve chiral
products as valuable target molecules. Herein, their synthesis and application in different organic
transformations are reviewed from 2016 till date 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Roshankar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Ebrahimi Z, Mohajer F, Badiei A. A Fluorescent Chemosensor Based on Functionalized Nanoporous Silica (SBA-15 SBA-IC-MN) for Detection of Hg <sup>2+</sup> in Aqueous Media. SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3984958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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18
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Shiravand G, Badiei A, Goldooz H, Karimi M, Ziarani GM, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. A Fluorescent g-C3N4 Nanosensor for Detection of Dichromate Ions. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180627150248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Dichromate (Cr2O7
2-) ion is one of the carcinogenic and toxic spices in
environment which can easily contaminate the environment due to its high solubility in water. Therefore,
a lot of attention has been focused on the detection of Cr2O7
2- with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Methods:
In present work, nitrogen-rich precursor was used for synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride
(g-C3N4) nanostructures through hydrothermal oxidation of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The prepared
nanostructures show two distinct fluorescence emissions centered at 368 and 450 nm which are highly
sensitive toward Cr2O7
2- ions.
Results:
The as-prepared g-C3N4 was characterized by several techniques such as Fourier-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and
fluorescence emission spectra. The XRD pattern of prepared nanostructures illustrated two diffraction
patterns (at 13.4° and 27.6°) indicating tri-s-tri-azine-based structures. The g-C3N4 exhibited good selectivity
and sensitivity toward Cr2O7
2- among other anions. According to titration test, the detection
limit and stern-volmer constant (Ksv) were calculated as 40 nM and 0.13×106 M-1, respectively. The
investigation of quenching mechanism shows that Cr2O7
2- may form hydrogen bonding with surface
groups of g-C3N4 (such as NH2, OH and COOH) resulted in more fluorescence quenching in comparison
with the pure inner filter effect.
Conclusion:
The g-C3N4 nanostructures were successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal oxidation.
The as-prepared g-C3N4 can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the selective
determination of Cr2O7
2 ion among other anions. The quenching mechanism was experimentally studied.
According to reliable responses in real sample tests, it can be proposed that g-C3N4 nanostructure
is a suitable sensitive nanosensor for detection of Cr2O7
2 ions in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Shiravand
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Goldooz
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodsi M. Ziarani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Synthesis and characterizations of TiN–SBA-15 mesoporous materials for CO 2 dry reforming enhancement. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel approach of titanium nitride (TiN) incorporated into SBA-15 framework was developed using one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. TiN contents up to ~18 wt% were directly dispersed in a synthetic gel under a typical strong acidic condition. The physico-chemical characteristics and the surface properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). The results indicated that the highly ordered mesostructured was effectively maintained with high specific surface area of 532–685 m2g−1. The basicity of the modified SBA-15 increased with rising TiN loading. These modified materials were applied as a support of Ni catalyst in dry reforming of methane (DRM). Their catalytic behavior possessed superior conversions for both CO2 and CH4 with the highest H2/CO ratio (0.83) as well as 50 % lower carbon formation, compared to bare SBA-15 support.
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20
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Jafari M, Amiri A, Badiei A, Shayesteh A. Fluorene‐Functionalized, Dendrimer‐Modified SBA‐15: Detection of Iron(III) and Mercury (II) in Aqueous Media and Logic Gate Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jafari
- School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceUniversity of Tehran Tehran 1417614418 Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceUniversity of Tehran Tehran 1417614418 Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceUniversity of Tehran Tehran 1417614418 Iran
| | - Alireza Shayesteh
- School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceUniversity of Tehran Tehran 1417614418 Iran
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Chatterjee S, Li XS, Liang F, Yang YW. Design of Multifunctional Fluorescent Hybrid Materials Based on SiO 2 Materials and Core-Shell Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Nanoparticles for Metal Ion Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904569. [PMID: 31573771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid fluorescent materials constructed from organic chelating fluorescent probes and inorganic solid supports by covalent interactions are a special type of hybrid sensing platform that has gained much interest in the context of metal ion sensing applications owing to their excellent advantages, recyclability, and solubility/dispersibility in particular, as compared with single organic fluorescent molecules. In recent decades, SiO2 materials and core-shell Fe3 O4 @SiO2 nanoparticles have become important inorganic solid materials and have been used as inorganic solid supports to hybridize with organic fluorescent receptors, resulting in multifunctional fluorescent hybrid systems for potential applications in sensing and related research fields. Therefore, recent progress in various fluorescent-group-functionalized SiO2 materials is reviewed, with a focus on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and core-shell Fe3 O4 @SiO2 nanoparticles, as interesting fluorescent organic-inorganic hybrid materials for sensing applications toward essential and toxic metal ions. Selective examples of other types of silica/silicon materials, such as periodic mesoporous organosilicas, solid SiO2 nanoparticles, fibrous silica spheres, silica nanowires, silica nanotubes, and silica hollow microspheres, are also mentioned. Finally, relevant perspectives of metal-ion-sensing-oriented silica-fluorescent probe hybrid materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Chatterjee
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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22
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Fahmi MRG, Fajar AT, Roslan N, Yuliati L, Fadlan A, Santoso M, Lintang HO. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractN’-(5-nitro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (NH) was successfully synthesized as a ligand, then grafted onto the surface of mesoporous silica SBA-15via an aminopropyl bridge. The successful grafting of ligand NH onto the hybrid nanomaterial (SBA-15/APTES-NH) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. On excitation at 276 and 370 nm, the ligand NH and the hybrid nanomaterial SBA-15/APTES-NH showed a strong and narrow emission peak centered at 533 nm. By dispersing SBA-15/APTES-NH in an aqueous solution containing metal ions, the resulting solid materials showed a higher binding of NH sensing site to Fe3+ ions as compared to the others with a quench of the emission intensity up to 84%. This result showed that the hybrid nanomaterial is a potential chemosensor that requires development for the detection of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riza Ghulam Fahmi
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adroit T.N. Fajar
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurliana Roslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTMJohor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Leny Yuliati
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Arif Fadlan
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mardi Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik O. Lintang
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, East Java, Indonesia
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Ahmadi T, Bahar S, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Badiei A. Formation of functionalized silica-based nanoparticles and their application for extraction and determination of Hg (II) ion in fish samples. Food Chem 2019; 300:125180. [PMID: 31325753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) chemically modified fumed silica, as a novel adsorbent, was designed for the preconcentration and determination of Hg (II) ions in fish samples via the solid phase extraction followed by the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). In this work, the efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent was investigated to determine its ability for the extraction of the Hg (II) ions from the aqueous solutions. The extraction efficiency was investigated by optimizing of different experimental conditions, such as pH, sample volume, flow rate, adsorbent dosage, and eluent type. Under the optimal conditions, a linear calibration curve for the solid phase extraction method was obtained in the range of between 0.12 and 16.5 μg L-1. The obtained detection limit and preconcentration factor were 0.018 μg L-1 and 25, respectively (RSD > 3%). The proposed optimized method was successfully applied to fish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box 1993893973, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Bahar
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Salahshoor Z, Ghasemi JB, Shahbazi A, Badiei A. Highly selective silica-based fluorescent nanosensor for ferric ion (Fe 3+) detection in aqueous media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:293-298. [PMID: 31005736 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective fluorescence nanosensor was built based on the functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica with Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The interaction of fabricated nanosensor was studied with metals ions in aqueous media. Under optimum conditions (time 5min, pH7, sensor dose 0.02g dispersed in 1L), SBA-15-DNPH was highly selective toward the Fe3+ ion in the presence of the different groups of interfering metal ions. The detection limit and linear concentration range of the nanosensor were 39×10-6M and 5×10-5-375×10-5M; respectively. The efficiency of nanosensor was independent on the pH range studied (6-9), which indicated that SBA-15-DNPH is a promising candidate for sensing and identification of Fe3+ ion in the environmental and other real matrix samples. SBA-15-DNPH showed good performance for Fe3+ ion detection and quantification in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Salahshoor
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Shahbazi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Kazemi Asl Z, Gholamzadeh P, Badiei A, Afshar M. Magnetic nanocrystallites strontium hexaferrite as an efficient catalyst in the green Betti reaction. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2019.1574816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Afshar
- School of Chemistry College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gawas RU, Anand S, Ghosh BK, Shivbhagwan P, Choudhary K, Ghosh NN, Banerjee M, Chatterjee A. Development of a Water-Dispersible SBA-15-Benzothiazole-Derived Fluorescence Nanosensor by Physisorption and Its Use in Organic-Solvent-Free Detection of Perborate and Hydrazine. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram U. Gawas
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani Goa Campus; Goa - 403726 India
| | - Shivesh Anand
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani Goa Campus; Goa - 403726 India
| | - Barun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani Goa Campus; Goa - 403726 India
| | | | - Kushav Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani Goa Campus; Goa - 403726 India
| | | | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani Goa Campus; Goa - 403726 India
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Vojoudi H, Badiei A, Amiri A, Banaei A, Ziarani G, Schenk-Joß K. Efficient device for the benign removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions using modified mesoporous magnetite nanostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS 2018; 113:210-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
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Karimi M, Badiei A, Lashgari N, Mohammadi Ziarani G. A chromotropic acid modified SBA-15 as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for determination of Fe3+ and I− ions in water. JOURNAL OF POROUS MATERIALS 2018; 25:137-146. [DOI: 10.1007/s10934-017-0427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Fathi Vavsari V, Badiei A, Afshani J, Gholamzadeh P, Balalaie S, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. A highly sensitive fluorescent bulk sensor based on isonicotinic acid hydrazide–immobilized nano-fumed silica (fumed-Si–INAH) for detection of Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions in aqueous media. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Magnetic separation and adsorptive performance for methylene blue of mesoporous NiFe2O4/SBA-15 nanocomposites. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Lashgari N, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G. Selective detection of Hg2+
ion in aqueous medium with the use of 3-(pyrimidin-2-ylimino)indolin-2-one-functionalized SBA-15. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Gholamzadeh P, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Zandi F, Abolhasani Soorki A, Badiei A, Yazdian F. Modification of fumed silica surface with different sulfonamides via a postsynthesis method and their application as antibacterial agents. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Shamsipur M, Karimi Z, Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Rostamnia S. Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor by Nafion/SBA-15-Cu (II) modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Lashgari N, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Faridbod F. Isatin functionalized nanoporous SBA-15 as a selective fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg(II) in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3175-3185. [PMID: 28271223 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A highly ordered mesoporous silica material functionalized with isatin (SBA-Pr-IS) was designed and synthesized. Characterization techniques including XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, and FT-IR were employed to characterize the pore structure, textural properties, microscopic morphology, and molecular composition of grafted organic moieties of SBA-Pr-IS. The successful attachment of the organic moiety (0.34 mmol g-1) without the SBA-15 structure collapsing after the modification steps was confirmed. Fluorescence characterization of SBA-Pr-IS was examined upon addition of a wide variety of cations in aqueous medium and it showed high sensitivity toward Hg2+ ions. During testing in an ion competition experiment, it was observed that the fluorescence changes of the probe were remarkably specific for Hg2+ ions. Furthermore, a good linearity between the fluorescence intensity of this material and the concentration of Hg2+ ions was constructed with a suitable detection limit of 3.7 × 10-6 M. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was successfully evaluated for the determination of Hg2+ ions in real samples. Therefore, SBA-Pr-IS can be used as an efficient fluorescence probe for Hg2+ ions. Graphical Abstract A novel organic-inorganic hybrid material was designed and synthesized by functionalization of SBA-15 mesoporous silica material with isatin. The evaluation of the sensing ability of SBA-Pr-IS using fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the SBA-Pr-IS was a selective fluorescent probe for Hg2+ ion in water in the presence of a wide range of metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran. .,Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
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