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Stapleton F, Velez FG, Lau C, Wolffsohn JS. Dry eye disease in the young: A narrative review. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:11-20. [PMID: 38070708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular disease that significantly impacts quality of life, is most commonly reported in adults. This review describes the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management of DED in children. A literature search, conducted from January 2000-December 2022, identified 54 relevant publications. Using similar diagnostic criteria to those reported in adults, namely standardized questionnaires and evaluation of tear film homeostatic signs, the prevalence of DED in children ranged from 5.5% to 23.1 %. There was limited evidence for the influence of ethnicity in children, however some studies reported an effect of sex in older children. Factors independently associated with DED included digital device use, duration of digital device use, outdoor time and urban living, Rates of DED were higher in children with ocular allergy and underlying systemic diseases. Compared with similar studies in adults, the prevalence of a prior DED diagnosis or a diagnosis based on signs and symptoms was lower in children, but symptoms were commonly reported. Treatment options were similar to those in adults, including lifestyle modifications, blinking, management of lid disease and unpreserved lubricants in mild disease with escalating treatment with severity. Management requires careful exploration of symptoms, medical history and the diagnosis and management of ocular comorbidities such as allergy and anterior blepharitis. Appropriately powered population-based studies are required to understand the prevalence of and risk factors for DED in children. Development of age-appropriate thresholds for signs and symptoms of DED would support better diagnosis of disease and understanding of natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Federico G Velez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Peprah P, Kwarteng MA, Asiedu K, Agyemang-Duah W, Morgan AK, Adjei Gyimah A. Self-reported symptoms of ocular allergy and its comorbid factors among residents living near a landfill site in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:386-397. [PMID: 35114879 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residents close to landfill sites may be exposed to long-term emitted toxic compounds that may have effects on their eyes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic ocular allergy and its comorbid factors among residents living near a landfill site in Ghana. An exploratory cross-sectional design involving 400 inhabitants living around a landfill site was employed. The prevalence of symptomatic ocular allergy was 59.3%. In a bivariate analysis, comorbid conditions including respiratory disease, coughing, flu, cholera, skin disease, diarrhoea, and hypertension predicted symptomatic ocular allergy. However, only cholera remained a significant predictor of symptomatic ocular allergy in the multivariate analysis. Symptomatic ocular allergy was high among inhabitants around the landfill site in Ghana. While proper design and management of landfills in Ghana is crucial, further longitudinal and clinical studies are required to clinically establish the link between landfill and ocular allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Fasola S, Ferrante G, Cilluffo G, Malizia V, Alfano P, Montalbano L, Cuttitta G, La Grutta S. Asthma Comorbidities: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Associated Burden in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071001. [PMID: 35883985 PMCID: PMC9322654 DOI: 10.3390/children9071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying asthma comorbidities in children is fundamental for improving disease management. We aimed to investigate the frequency of allergy-related comorbidities in children and adolescents with asthma, and to identify associated risk factors and disease burden. Between September 2015 and December 2018, 508 asthmatic patients (5–17 years) were consecutively enrolled. Parents answered a standardized questionnaire on the history of disease and risk factors. Comorbidities were classified based on the involvement of respiratory and/or extra-respiratory districts: asthma only (A, 13%), asthma with respiratory comorbidities (AR, 37%), asthma with extra-respiratory comorbidities (AER, 10%), and asthma with both respiratory and extra-respiratory comorbidities (ARER, 40%). Multinomial logistic regression showed that membership in the AR group was significantly associated with a maternal history of asthma (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.23–7.72), breastfeeding ≥ three months (OR = 1.92, 1.06–3.46), early mold exposure (OR = 2.39, 1.12–5.11), and current environmental tobacco smoke exposure (OR = 2.06, 1.11–3.83). Membership in the AER group was significantly associated with the female gender (OR = 3.43, 1.54–7.68), breastfeeding ≥ three months (OR = 2.77, 1.23–6.22). ARER was significantly associated with all the aforementioned exposures. Patients with AR reported exacerbations in the last 12 months more frequently (p = 0.009). Several personal and environmental risk factors are associated with comorbidities in asthmatic children and adolescents, possibly worsening the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fasola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Velia Malizia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Pietro Alfano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Laura Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.); (L.M.); (G.C.); (S.L.G.)
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Chen D, Li R, Huang D, Tong H, Zhao X, Yan W, Shen S, Liu H, Zhu H. Altered retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with allergic conjunctivitis: the Nanjing eye study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:183. [PMID: 35459115 PMCID: PMC9028092 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background So far, few data are available on the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and ocular fundus. Whether retinal parameters change in patients with AC remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of AC on retinal thickness and vessel density among 7-years-old school-age children. Methods This large population-based study is part of the Nanjing Eye Study (NES). Comprehensive examinations including anthropometric parameters, refraction, ocular biometric parameters, intraocular pressure and retinal parameters were conducted on each child. Retinal thickness and vessel density were assessed using the optical coherence tomography angiography. Information on AC was obtained from a comprehensive questionnaire. Results A total of 739 children (mean age ± SD: 7.40 ± 0.29 years) had complete eye examination and questionnaire data we needed. Ninety-four children (12.7%) had AC, among which, 5 children had the history of corticosteroid use and were excluded from the final analysis. Spherical equivalent, axial length, body mass index and birth weight were correlated with retinal parameters. After adjusting for sex, age, spherical equivalent, axial length, body mass index, birth weight and premature history, children with AC had thinner retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for average (117.39 versus 120.97 μm, p = 0.007), temporal (80.73 versus 84.34 μm, p = 0.001), nasal (98.82 versus 102.18 μm, p = 0.049) and inferior (152.68 versus 157.06 μm, p = 0.034) quadrants than the control group. Conclusions Children with AC tended to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. More attention is needed to fundus condition of children with AC. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02399-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haohai Tong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Eye Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Shiya Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Meltzer EO, Rosario NA, Van Bever H, Lucio L. Fexofenadine: review of safety, efficacy and unmet needs in children with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:113. [PMID: 34727966 PMCID: PMC8561980 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common undiagnosed chronic condition in children. Moderate/severe AR symptoms significantly impair quality of life, and cause sleep disruption, absenteeism and decreased productivity. Additionally, untreated AR predisposes children to asthma and other chronic conditions. Although intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective pharmacologic treatment for AR, oral antihistamines are often preferred. First-generation antihistamines may be chosen to relieve AR symptoms as they are inexpensive and widely available; however, they cause sedative and cardiovascular negative effects due to poor receptor selectivity. Therefore, second-generation antihistamines were developed to reduce adverse effects while retaining efficacy. There are fewer clinical trials in children than adults, therefore, efficacy and safety data is limited, particularly in children under 6 years, highlighting the need to generate these data in young children with AR. Fexofenadine, a highly selective second-generation antihistamine, effectively alleviates symptoms of AR, is non-sedating due to decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, and is devoid of cardiovascular side effects. Importantly, fexofenadine relieves the ocular symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, which occur concomitantly with AR, improving quality of life. Overall, fexofenadine displays a favorable safety profile and results in greater treatment satisfaction in children compared with other second-generation antihistamines. This review aimed to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of fexofenadine with other available first- and second-generation antihistamines in children with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli O. Meltzer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Nelson Augusto Rosario
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XDepartamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal Do Parana, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luiz Lucio
- Medical Department, Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, AI, Traira 456, Santana de Parnaiba-SP, Brazil, São Paulo, 06540 365 Brazil
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Paller AS, Mina-Osorio P, Vekeman F, Boklage S, Mallya UG, Ganguli S, Kaur M, Robitaille MN, Siegfried EC. Prevalence of type 2 inflammatory diseases in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: real-world evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:758-765. [PMID: 34756933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are considered at increased risk of developing other type 2 inflammatory diseases. However, real-world evidence based on large US commercially insured pediatric populations is scarce. OBJECTIVE To use a large US claims database (IBM® MarketScan® 2013-2017) to assess prevalence and incidence of type 2 inflammatory diseases in pediatric AD patients. METHODS Pediatric AD patients were matched 1:1 to non-AD patients. Prevalence was assessed for conjunctivitis, rhinitis, urticaria, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis and chronic rhinosinusitis/nasal polyps, 12 months post-index date (first AD diagnosis date for AD patients; a randomly selected outpatient visit for control patients). Incidence of other type 2 inflammatory diseases post-index was assessed among patients 0-2 years old. RESULTS 244,776 AD and matched non-AD patients were selected. The prevalence and incidence of type 2 inflammatory diseases were higher among AD patients. Overall, the prevalence more than doubled for asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, urticaria, and rhinitis, and increased with AD severity. LIMITATIONS AD identification based on billing diagnoses; observation period of only 12 months; limited to commercially insured patients CONCLUSION: The burden of type 2 inflammatory diseases in pediatric AD patients is substantial, highlighting the need to optimize management of AD and its numerous associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elaine C Siegfried
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, Saint Louis University and Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Zhao M, He F, Yang Y, Lin W, Qiu W, Meng Q, Zhang J, Zhou Z. Therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus in vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2020; 29:129-133. [PMID: 33144336 PMCID: PMC9047954 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Tacrolimus has been widely used in recent years for treating allergic conjunctivitis, but there is currently no available meta-analysis regarding its therapeutic efficacy. This study systematically evaluated the effectiveness of tacrolimus in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Methods Data obtained from literature searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were retrieved by combining medical subject words and free words. Literature was selected on the basis of established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the extracted data were evaluated for risk of bias using RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis. Results A total of 177 articles were retrieved, of which 5 articles were eventually selected, all of which involved tacrolimus treatment for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. A total of 203 samples were analysed. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the tacrolimus treatment group had significantly lower ocular objective sign scores (SMD −1.39, 95% CI −2.50 to −0.27; p<0.05) and had a significantly lower subjective symptom evaluation score (SMD −0.92, 95% CI −1.59 to −0.24; p<0.05) than the control group. Conclusion Current evidence shows that tacrolimus is effective in treating vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fazhong He
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Weijie Lin
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wentao Qiu
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiling Zhou
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China
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Abstract
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is a frequent disease, which is often associated with allergic rhinitis and subsequently manifested as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. In contrast to other types of chronic allergic conjunctivitis, the course of SAC is not sight-threatening. Pathogenetically, the underlying cause of SAC is an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated, Th2-driven type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Clinically it presents with itching, light-red conjunctival injection as well as chemosis that exceeds the extent of conjunctival injection. The goals of treatment are relief of acute signs and symptoms, control of the underlying inflammatory process and utilization of preventive options. Dually effective local therapeutics combine the advantages of rapid action with a relatively long-lasting effect by a two-fold active approach. Specific immunotherapy is useful in selected patients.
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Decreased incidence of glaucoma in children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroid: a cohort study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105463-105471. [PMID: 29285264 PMCID: PMC5739651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the anti-inflammatory medications used for treating asthma, corticosteroids are the most effective. The effects of orally administered corticosteroids on intraocular pressure and lens opacity have been well defined, but the influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on children has yet to be clearly explained. Therefore, we used a nationwide cohort database to investigate glaucoma in childhood asthma patients using ICS. We analyzed a dataset of 1,000,000 randomly sampled individuals from Taiwan's 2000 National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort included 5,380 patients who were first diagnosed with asthma (ICD9: 493.X) diagnosis when they were six years old or younger. All subjects were followed through December 2011. We applied Cox's proportional hazard model to determine whether ICS use has a correlation with glaucoma. Of the 5,380 patients enrolled in this study, we identified 1,232 patients who had used ICS and 4,148 patients who had no history of ICS administration throughout the follow-up period. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly lower in patients using ICS, with a 0.52-fold decreased risk of developing glaucoma in comparison to the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28∼0.96]. Among the evaluated comorbidities, cataract was positively associated with glaucoma in asthma children (adjusted HR 8.22; 95% CI = 2.59∼26.12). This study provides not only the first but also strong evidence that the glaucoma incidence in the ICS group is lower than that in the non-ICS group in children with asthma. Further consultation with an ophthalmologist regarding the high-risk group of asthma children with cataracts is necessary.
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The Prevalence of Ocular Allergy and Comorbidities in Chinese School Children in Shanghai. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7190987. [PMID: 28904968 PMCID: PMC5585564 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence and features of ocular allergy (OA) and comorbidities among school children in Shanghai, China. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Each participant completed an ISAAC-based questionnaire. The prevalence of OA symptoms, allergic rhinitis (AR) asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and sensitization to mites, pollen, and food was analyzed. Results A total of 724 and 942 completed questionnaires from the 7–9-year-old (young group) and the 12–14-year-old (teen group) groups were analyzed, respectively. The overall prevalence of OA symptoms was 28%. However, more young students (10.6%) reported mild to severe daily life interference caused by OA than the teens (5.7%). The young group had higher prevalence of diagnosed allergic conjunctivitis (10.2%). The overall prevalence of AR symptom, diagnosed asthma, and diagnosed AD was 40.4%, 11.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. Young children had higher prevalence of diagnosed AR and AD than the teens. There were gender associated differences in the prevalence of AR and asthma among young children, but not among the teens. The comorbidities associated with OA was also analyzed. Sensitization to mites, food, and pollen was associated with higher prevalence of allergic conditions. Conclusions OA together with other allergic conditions affected a significant number of children in Shanghai.
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Velickovic V, Simovic S, Sarenac T, Mihailovic N, Ristic S, Zivanović S. Experience Of Ocular Symptoms Among Allergic Rhinitis Patients Depending On The Type Of Aeroallergens. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ocular symptoms and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics in AR patients depending on sensitisation to various types of aeroallergens.
Allergic rhinitis is defined as an IgE-mediated inflammation of the lining of the nose that is characterized by nasal symptoms, including nasal congestion, sneezing, itching of nose and runny nose. Patients suffering from allergic rhinitis frequently experience ocular symptoms such as ocular redness, eye itching and tears. The frequency of ocular symptoms in our study population was 27,6%. No statistical significance was found in the mean ages of the patients who did or did not experience ocular symptoms p>0,05 (p=0,243). Our results indicated that there were no statistical differences (p>0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients based on experiencing nasal symptoms according to the types of aeroallergens. Our results indicated that there were significant experiences of ocular symptoms in patients who were sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens (p<0,001) and significant sensitisation to both outdoor and indoor aeroallergens (p<0,05). Experiencing the examined ocular symptoms, including ocular redness, eye itching and tears, demonstrated highly statistical significance (p<0,001) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and outdoor aeroallergens, and there was statistical significance (p<0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and both types of aeroallergens (indoor and outdoor).
Ocular symptoms are more common in patients who are sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens.
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Leonardi A, Piliego F, Castegnaro A, Lazzarini D, La Gloria Valerio A, Mattana P, Fregona I. Allergic conjunctivitis: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:1118-25. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Leonardi
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - F. Piliego
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - A. Castegnaro
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - D. Lazzarini
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - A. La Gloria Valerio
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - P. Mattana
- Medical Service; Alfa Wassermann; Bologna Italy
| | - I. Fregona
- Department of Neurosciences; Ophthalmology Unit; University of Padua; Padua Italy
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Bielory L. Increasing the knowledge base of ocular allergy epidemiology. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013; 89:330-1. [PMID: 23791234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Bielory L. Increasing the knowledge base of ocular allergy epidemiology. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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