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Singleton CMH, Brar S, Robertson N, DiTommaso L, Fuchs GJ, Schadler A, Radulescu A, Attia SL. Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293865. [PMID: 37992076 PMCID: PMC10664905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children. OBJECTIVES To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0-21 years) and identify knowledge gaps. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000-2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data. RESULTS 179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumeer Brar
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nicole Robertson
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lauren DiTommaso
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - George J. Fuchs
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aric Schadler
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Suzanna L. Attia
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
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Vasconcelos LGL, Almeida NB, Santos MODA, Silveira JACD. Tendência temporal (2008-2018) da prevalência de excesso de peso em lactentes e pré-escolares brasileiros de baixa renda. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:363-375. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022271.24122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal da prevalência de excesso de peso (EP) em crianças menores de cinco anos assistidas pelo Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) entre 2008 e 2018. O painel de dados foi baseado nos relatórios de estado nutricional do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) (n=30.574.118) e analisado por meio de modelos de regressão joinpoint específicos para idade (lactentes e pré-escolares) e macrorregião. Ainda, calculou-se a cobertura do SISVAN para o PBF e a representatividade nacional, segundo projeção censitária. Na década analisada, o EP em lactentes reduziu de 11,9% (11,8; 12,0 IC95%) para 8,5% (8,4; 8,6 IC95%) (-3,6%/ano [-5,1; -2,0 IC95%]); quanto aos pré-escolares, a prevalência EP aumentou em 3,1%/ano (2,0; 4,2 IC95%) até 2015, seguida por uma retração até 2018 (-6,4%/ano [-10,1; -2,6 IC95%]). Em ambos os grupos etários, a região Norte apresentou a menor prevalência em toda série histórica e a Nordeste o pior desempenho no controle do EP infantil. A cobertura do SISVAN no PBF foi elevada e a representatividade dos dados variou entre 13,9% (Sul) e 42,2% (Nordeste). Apesar da prevalência estar acima do esperado, após 2014, identificou-se redução linear no EP em lactentes e desaceleração na taxa de crescimento nos pré-escolares.
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Ferreira HDS, Albuquerque GT, Santos TRD, Barbosa RDL, Cavalcante AL, Duarte LEC, Assunção MLD. Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:736. [PMID: 32434581 PMCID: PMC7238646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A study involving children from Alagoas (Northeast Brazil) revealed that, as a consequence of a drastic reduction in the prevalence of stunting between 1992 to 2005, (22.5 to 11.4%) combined with an increase in overweight prevalence (6.7 to 9.3%), the prevalence of these two conditions in 2005 was very close. If these trends were maintained, it is very likely that, at this time, the childhood overweight prevalence has already exceeded that of the stunting. However, no study is available to confirm this hypothesis. The identification of these changes is relevant to the planning and evaluation of public policies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, time trends and associated factors with stunting and overweight in children from Alagoas. Methods Independent cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in 1992 (n = 1231), 2005 (n = 1381) and 2015 (n = 988). Data were collected from probabilistic samples of children aged 0–60 months. Stunting was defined by stature-for-age < − 2 sd and overweight by weight-for-stature > 2 sd. Results Between 1992, 2005 and 2015, the stunting prevalence was 22.6, 11.2 and 3.2% (reduction of 85.8%), while the overweight prevalence was 6.9, 7.5 and 14.9% (increase of 115.9%), respectively. After multivariate analysis, the following positive associations with stunting were observed in 1992: age group > 24 months (28.3% vs 14.5%), mother with ≥2 children (28.8% vs 12.8%), low birth weight (28.3% vs 15.7%) and mother with low schooling (29.3% vs 7.2%). In 2015 there was a higher prevalence of stunting in males (4.2% vs 2.2%), in children < 24 months (4.6% vs 2.2%), with low birth weight (8.6% vs 3.0%) and in those who had mothers with low schooling (7.0% vs 2.6%). Regarding overweight, in 1992 there was higher prevalence for male (9.1% vs 4.7%) and in children whose mothers had ≤2 children (8.9% vs 5.8%), while in 2015 only birth weight > 4 kg was associated to overweight (27.3% vs 14.2%). Conclusions During the analyzed period, there was a significant decrease in stunting prevalence. At the same time, a substantial increase was observed in the overweight prevalence. Currently, stunting is a problem of low magnitude, while overweight has become a worrying public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo da Silva Ferreira
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, BR 104 Norte - Km 96.7 - Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Lopes de Assunção
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, BR 104 Norte - Km 96.7 - Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
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Almeida NB, Menezes RCED, Sobral KDS, Gomes JF, Longo-Silva G, Silveira JACD. PRE- AND PERINATAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT GAIN AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ENROLLED AT DAY CARE CENTERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2019060. [PMID: 31939518 PMCID: PMC6958547 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the factors associated with excessive weight gain in preschool children enrolled at daycare centers in a capital of the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the five daycare centers located in the city’s district of most socioeconomic vulnerability. The study included 326 preschool children (17 to 63 months old) from both genders. The dependent variable was the conditional weight gain (CWG), that represents how much a child, according to their gender, deviated from their peers in relation to the expected weight gain, given sample’s birthweight, gender, and age at the survey. Univariate tests (t-test and analysis of variance) were used to compare CWG means according to environmental and biological factors, considering the independent variables with p<0.20 as electable for the multiple linear regression model. In the final model, variables with p<0.05 or that contributed to the model adjustment were kept. Results: Children’s mean age was 45.4±9.9 months, and 53.4% of the sample consisted of boys. The prevalence of overweight was 7%. In the multivariable linear regression model, it was possible to identify that the following factors were associated with excessive weight gain among preschool children: less than six prenatal care visits (0.36 SD [95%CI 0.13–0.60]), not rooming-in in the postpartum period (0.30 SD [95%CI 0.03–0.58]), and never breastfed (0.44 SD [95%CI 0.06–0.81]). Conclusions: Inadequate prenatal (appointments) and perinatal care (mother-infant rooming-in and absence of breastfeeding) were associated with excessive weight gain among low-income preschool children.
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Warkentin S, Mais LA, Latorre MDRDDO, Carnell S, Taddei JADAC. Parents Matter: Associations of Parental BMI and Feeding Behaviors With Child BMI in Brazilian Preschool and School-Aged Children. Front Nutr 2018; 5:69. [PMID: 30148134 PMCID: PMC6096004 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brazil is undergoing nutritional transition and rates of obesity in preschool and school-aged children are increasing. Excess weight in the first years of life could predict excess weight in adulthood, making it essential to study risk factors in this population. Objective: Our goal was to investigate associations of parent feeding behaviors, as well as more distal familial influences including family SES and maternal and paternal weight, with BMI z-score in preschool and school-aged children in a Brazilian sample. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data were collected in 14 Brazilian private schools. Parents of children aged 2–8 years (n = 1,071) completed a questionnaire assessing parent feeding behaviors, as well as sociodemographic and anthropometric information. Hierarchical linear regression models were fitted to investigate relationships between parent and child characteristics and child BMI z-score in preschool (2–5 years, n = 397) and school-aged (6–8 years, n = 618) children. Results: Final models indicated that higher maternal BMI and “restriction for weight control” were associated with higher child BMI z-score in both age groups (excessive weight, i.e., BMI ≥ +1 z-score, in preschoolers and school-aged children: 24.4 and 35.9%, respectively). In preschoolers only, “healthy eating guidance” and “pressure” were associated with lower child BMI z-score. For school-aged children, male sex, higher father BMI, and “restriction for health” were associated with higher child BMI z-score. Conclusions: Parent feeding behaviors and parent weight, as well as child sex, are associated with child BMI z-score, with evidence for differential relationships in preschool and school-aged children. Optimal obesity prevention and treatment strategies may differ by child age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- Discipline of Nutrology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís A Mais
- Discipline of Nutrology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Warkentin S, Mais LA, Latorre MDRDDO, Carnell S, de Aguiar CarrazedoTaddei JA. Relationships between parent feeding behaviors and parent and child characteristics in Brazilian preschoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:704. [PMID: 29880038 PMCID: PMC5992628 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eating habits formed in early childhood are influenced by parental feeding behaviors, warranting investigation of predictors and correlates of parent feeding. We aimed to describe relationships between parental feeding practices and parent and child characteristics in a sample of Brazilian preschoolers. Methods Four hundred and two parents of preschoolers enrolled in private schools of São Paulo and Campinas, Brazil, completed a Brazilian version of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, as well as questions about parental attitudes, child food intake, other obesity-associated behaviors, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. We ran bivariate logistic regression models examining associations between independent variables and each feeding practice. Next, we ran multiple logistic regression models predicting each parental feeding practice. Results Greater ‘Restriction for Weight Control’ and ‘Restriction for Health’ were associated with lower maternal education (OR = 2.42 (CI 95% 1.07–5.48) and 2.79 (CI 95% 1.25–6.22), respectively), and with higher concern about child overweight (OR = 2.46, CI 95% 1.64–3.69 for ‘Restriction for Weight Control’, only), while greater ‘Pressure’ was associated with greater concern about child underweight (OR = 2.30, CI 95% 1.53–3.47) and lower maternal BMI (OR = 0.94, CI 95% 0.88–1.00). Greater use of ‘Emotion Regulation/ Food as Reward’ was associated with lower maternal education (OR = 2.22, CI 95% 1.05–4.71). In analyses of positive feeding practices, lesser use of ‘Healthy Eating Guidance’ and ‘Monitoring’ was associated with greater intake of less healthy foods in children (OR = 1.53 (CI 95% 1.01–2.32) and OR = 1.94 (CI 95% 1.27–2.97), respectively), and greater use of screen devices (OR = 1.59 (CI 95% 1.04–2.44) and OR = 1.57 (CI 95% 1.03–2.39), respectively). Lesser use of ‘Healthy Eating Guidance’ was additionally associated with higher maternal BMI (OR = 1.09, CI 95% 1.03–1.16), and lesser use of ‘Monitoring’ with lesser perceived parent responsibility for child feeding (OR = 1.68, CI 95% 1.12–2.52). Conclusions Our results demonstrate diverse socioeconomic, anthropometric and behavioral correlates of parent feeding in a large Brazilian sample of parents of preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgreen, 1647, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04040-032, Brazil.
| | - Laís Amaral Mais
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgreen, 1647, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04040-032, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - José Augusto de Aguiar CarrazedoTaddei
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgreen, 1647, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04040-032, Brazil
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Fitzgerald DA. The weighty issue of obesity in paediatric respiratory medicine. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 24:4-7. [PMID: 28797888 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Some have observed that developed world is fat and getting fatter. This is even extending into the developing world, and it is important to appreciate that the consequences of childhood obesity last into adulthood and are associated with premature death. From the paediatric respiratory perspective, the deposition of excess adipose tissue in the thoraco-abdominal region begins early in life and is believed to alter diaphragm mobility and chest wall expansion, reduce lung compliance, and result in a rapid shallow breathing pattern with an increased work of breathing and reduction in maximum ventilatory capacity. This results in respiratory symptoms of exertional dyspnoea related to deconditioning which may present as exercise limitation, leading to confusion with common lung diseases such as asthma. The manifestations of the increasingly prevalent problems of overweight and obesity in young people and their interaction with common conditions of asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Discipline Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Longo‐Silva G, Silveira JAC, Menezes RCED, Toloni MHDA. Age at introduction of ultra‐processed food among preschool children attending day‐care centers. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Longo-Silva G, Silveira JAC, Menezes RCED, Toloni MHDA. Age at introduction of ultra-processed food among preschool children attending day-care centers. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:508-516. [PMID: 28572017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the age of introduction of ultra-processed food and its associated factors among preschool children. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out from March to June 2014 with 359 preschool children aged 17 to 63 months attending day-care centers. Time until ultra-processed food introduction (outcome variable) was described by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival functions of independent variables. Factors associated with ultra-processed food introduction were investigated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The results were shown as hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The median time until ultra-processed food introduction was six months. Between the 3rd and 6th months, there is a significant increase in the probability of introducing ultra-processed food in the children's diet; and while the probability in the 3rd month varies from 0.15 to 0.25, at six months the variation ranges from 0.6 to 1.0. The final Cox proportional hazards model showed that unplanned pregnancy (1.32 [1.05-1.65]), absence of prenatal care (2.50 [1.02-6.16]), and income >2 minimum wages (1, 50 [1.09-2.06]) were independent risk factors for the introduction of ultra-processed food. CONCLUSION Up to the 6th month of life, approximately 75% of preschool children had received one or more ultra-processed food in their diet. In addition, it was observed that the poorest families, as well as unfavorable prenatal factors, were associated with early introduction of ultra-processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Longo-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Augusto C Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Rísia Cristina Egito de Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Gomes AT, Novaes TG, Silveira KC, Souza CL, Lamounier JA, Netto MP, Capanema FD, Rocha DDS. Excess weight and factors associated in preschool of southwest of Bahia. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042017000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the environmental factors associated with excess weight in preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 664 full-time preschoolers enrolled in public childcare centers in Vitória da Conquista (BA). The excess weight status has been defined according to the BMI/Age index and score Z above +2. The independent variables were grouped into maternal characteristics, socioeconomic, related to children and child care. We conducted multiple logistic regression to assess the association between excess weight and the variables studied. Results: a prevalence of excess weight was 5.7 %; 3.9% were overweight and 1.8% were obese. The factors associated with excess weight in children were cesarean delivery (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.11; 6.01); being singletons (OR: 3.32; IC95%: 1.44; 7.67); and exclusive breastfeeding of less than 4 months (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.12; 5.99). Conclusions: the results show that interventions to reduce and/or prevent excess weight should begin prenatally, with promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and natural birth, as well as nutritional advice for mothers with singletons.
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Araujo AMD, Brandão SADSM, Araújo MADM, Frota KDMG, Moreira-Araujo RSDR. Overweight and obesity in preschoolers: Prevalence and relation to food consumption. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 63:124-133. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Objective: To determine overweight and obesity prevalence in preschool children from public education, and to determine their relation to food consumption. Method: Cross-sectional study with children aged between 2 and 5 years, of both sexes, enrolled at municipal day care centers. Socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric data were collected, in order to calculate the body mass index (BMI) for age. Data on food consumption were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were used at a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 548 children, 52% were male, with mean age of 4.2 years old. Most families had incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages (59.7%), in addition to 10 years (mothers) of education. Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sexes. According to the BMI-for-age, it was found that most of children were well-nourished (85.2%), 8.2% had the risk of becoming overweight, and 4.2% were overweight. The most consumed foods were: rice (100%), beans (99.4%), bread (98.5%), fruit (98.5%), red meat (97.1%), butter and margarine (95.4%), biscuits, cakes and sweet pies (94.1%), dairy products (94.1%), chocolate milk (91.7%), and soft drinks (90.2%). Consumed foods that were strongly correlated (r > 0.7) to the risk of/excess weight were, as follows: bread; biscuits, cakes, sweet pies; dairy products; chocolate milk; sausages. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of overweight and absence of obesity among the population assessed. The risk of overweight was greater among girls. Data from the study showed deviations in food consumption.
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Anzolin CC, Silva DAS, Zanuto EF, Cayres SU, Codogno JS, Costa Junior P, Machado DRL, Christofaro DGD. Accuracy of different cutoff points of body mass index to identify overweight according to body fat values estimated by DEXA. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:58-63. [PMID: 27543808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different cutoff points of body mass index for predicting overweight/obesity according to body fat values estimated by DEXA among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 229 male adolescents aged 10-15 years, in which body adiposity and anthropometric measures were assessed. Nutritional status was classified by BMI according to cutoff points described in scientific literature. RESULTS Moderate agreements were observed between body fat estimated by DEXA and cutoffs proposed by Cole et al. (K=0.61), Conde and Monteiro (K=0.65), Must et al. (K=0.61) and WHO (K=0.63). The BMI in continuous form showed good agreement with the Dexa (ICC=0.72). The highest sensitivity was observed for cutoff by Conde and Monteiro (0.74 [0.62, 0.84]) and the highest specificity by Cole et al. (0.98 [0.94, 0.99]). For the areas under the ROC curve of cutoff points analyzed, significant difference comparing the cutoff points by Cole et al. and Conde and Monteiro (0.0449 [0.00294, 0.0927]) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The cutoff proposed by Conde and Monteiro was more sensitive in identifying overweight and obesity when compared to the reference method, and the cutoff proposed by Cole et al. presented the highest specificity for such outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristina Anzolin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Educação Física, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Edner Fernando Zanuto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Suziane Ungari Cayres
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Junior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Accuracy of different cutoff points of body mass index to identify overweight according to body fat values estimated by DEXA. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nascimento VG, da Silva JPC, Ferreira PC, Bertoli CJ, Leone C. Maternal breastfeeding, early introduction of non-breast milk, and excess weight in preschoolers. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [PMID: 27452430 PMCID: PMC5176066 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppede.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Investigate associations between excess weight in preschool children, breastfeeding duration and age of non-breast milk introduction. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 817 preschool children, aged 2-4 years, attending municipal day care centers in the city of Taubaté. The weight and height of children were measured in the day care centers in 2009, 2010 and 2011. The body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated and children were classified as risk of overweight (BMIz≥1 to<2) or excess weight (BMIz≥2). Data analysis was carried out by comparison of proportions, coefficient of correlation and multivariate linear regression. Results: The prevalence of risk of overweight was 18.9% and of excess weight (overweight or obesity) was 9.3%. The median duration of breastfeeding and age of introduction of non-breast milk was 6 months. The child's BMIz showed direct correlation with birth weight (r=0.154; p<0.001) and maternal body mass index (BMI) (r=0.113; p=0.002). The correlation was inverse with the total duration of breastfeeding (r=−0.099; p=0.006) and age at non-breast milk introduction (r=−0.112; p=0.002). There was no correlation between the child's BMIz with birth length, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and mother's age. Conclusions: The earlier the introduction of non-breast milk, the higher the correlation with excess weight at preschool age.
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Rodrigues VM, Rayner M, Fernandes AC, de Oliveira RC, Proença RPC, Fiates GMR. Nutritional quality of packaged foods targeted at children in Brazil: which ones should be eligible to bear nutrient claims? Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:71-75. [PMID: 27677617 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of food products marketed at children, with and without nutrient claims, using two different approaches. METHODS Analyses were performed based on a data set with food composition and labelling data from every packaged food marketed at children sold in a major Brazilian supermarket (n=535). Foods were classified as 'healthier' and 'less healthy' according to the UK/Ofcom nutrient profile model and to the NOVA classification based on the level of food processing. Pearson's χ2 test was used to compare proportions between models. Agreement was assessed using Cohen's κ-statistic (P<0.05). RESULTS The NOVA model was stricter than the UK/Ofcom model, classifying more products as 'less healthy' (91.4%) compared with the nutrient profile-based model (75.0%; P<0.001). Agreement between models was 79.4% (k=0.30), because 72.9% (n=390) of products were categorised as 'less healthy' by both models, and 6.5% (n=35) as 'healthier'. Half of the food products marketed at children from the database (270; 50.5%) bore nutrient claims. From these products with nutrient claims, 95.9% (92.8-98.0) were classified as 'less healthy' by the NOVA model, whereas this percentage was 74.1% (68.4-79.2) according to the UK/Ofcom model (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high number of foods with low nutritional quality being marketed at children via product packaging and nutrient claims should be of concern to policy makers wanting to improve children's diets and to tackle childhood obesity. The implementation of nutritional quality criteria to ensure that foods targeted at children should be eligible to bear nutrient claims on their labels could avoid a situation where claims mask the overall nutritional status of a food.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Rodrigues
- Nutrition Graduate Programme (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição), Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre (NUPPRE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil.,British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Rayner
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A C Fernandes
- Nutrition Graduate Programme (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição), Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre (NUPPRE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R C de Oliveira
- Nutrition Graduate Programme (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição), Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre (NUPPRE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R P C Proença
- Nutrition Graduate Programme (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição), Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre (NUPPRE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G M R Fiates
- Nutrition Graduate Programme (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição), Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre (NUPPRE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Todendi PF, Possuelo LG, Klinger EI, Reuter CP, Burgos MS, Moura DJ, Fiegenbaum M, Valim ARDM. Low-grade inflammation markers in children and adolescents: Influence of anthropometric characteristics and CRP and IL6 polymorphisms. Cytokine 2016; 88:177-183. [PMID: 27643980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with chronic and subclinical inflammation due to an imbalance of inflammatory mediators. However, the association with gene polymorphism has been rarely studied in children. The aim of this study was to determine if serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are related to the IL6 rs1800795, IL6 rs2069845 and CRP rs1205 polymorphisms (SNPs) according to body mass index (BMI) in a sample of children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study in 470 students between 7 and 17yearsof age of anthropometric characteristics, high sensitivity-CRP (Hs-CRP) and IL-6 levels and three SNPs genotyped. The prevalence ratio of hs-CRP>3mg/L in obese individuals was 4.15 (CI 2.43-7.06; p=0.01), and it was 1.91 (CI 1.03-3.55; p=0.03) in overweight individuals and 1.74 (CI 1.05-2.88 p=0.03) in females. Individuals with waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%) alterations showed elevated levels of hs-CRP (p=4.3×10-5 and p=5.3×10-6). The combination of any two anthropometric measurement increases CRP levels, especially combinations with obesity body mass index (BMI): BMI+WC and BMI+BF%. Among the overweight/obesity group, T allele carriers of CRP rs1205 showed lower levels of hs-CRP (0.5, IQR=0.3-1.8mg/L) than CC homozygotes (1.5, IQR=0.4-3.4mg/L, p=0.018). Additionally, considering subjects with two or three anthropometric alterations for CRP rs1205: rs1205 T allele carriers had lower levels of hs-CRP (0.7, IQR=0.3-2.7mg/L) than CC homozygotes (1.2, IQR=0.5-3.5mg/L, p=0.02). In conclusion, carriers of the rs1205/T allele with higher BMIs had lower levels of hs-CRP. Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher levels of CRP and IL-6, whereas individuals with WC and BF% alterations had higher levels of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Todendi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - L G Possuelo
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - E I Klinger
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - C P Reuter
- Department of Physical Education and Health and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - M S Burgos
- Department of Physical Education and Health and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - M Fiegenbaum
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Brazilian infant and preschool children feeding: literature review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:451-63. [PMID: 27320201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feeding profile of Brazilian infants and preschool children aged 6 months to 6 years, based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of food and nutrient intake. DATA SOURCE This review analyzed studies carried out in Brazil that had food survey data on infants and preschool children. The search was limited to publications from the last 10 years included in the LILACS and MEDLINE electronic databases. DATA SUMMARY The initial search identified 1480 articles, of which 1411 were excluded after the analysis of abstracts, as they were repeated or did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the 69 articles assessed in full, 31 articles contained data on food survey and were selected. Only three studies concurrently assessed children from different Brazilian geographical regions. Of the assessed articles, eight had qualitative data, with descriptive analysis of food consumption frequency, and 23 had predominantly quantitative data, with information on energy and nutrient consumption. CONCLUSIONS The articles assessed in this review showed very heterogeneous results, making it difficult to compare findings. Overall, the feeding of infants and preschool children is characterized by low consumption of meat, fruits, and vegetables; high consumption of cow's milk and inadequate preparation of bottles; as well as early and high intake of fried foods, candies/sweets, soft drinks, and salt. These results provide aid for the development of strategies that aim to achieve better quality feeding of Brazilian infants and preschoolers.
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Mello CS, Barros KV, de Morais MB. Brazilian infant and preschool children feeding: literature review. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Warkentin S, Mais LA, Latorre MDRDDO, Carnell S, Taddei JADAC. Validation of the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire in parents of preschool children in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:603. [PMID: 27435192 PMCID: PMC4952239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent national surveys in Brazil have demonstrated a decrease in the consumption of traditional food and a parallel increase in the consumption of ultra-processed food, which has contributed to a rise in obesity prevalence in all age groups. Environmental factors, especially familial factors, have a strong influence on the food intake of preschool children, and this has led to the development of psychometric scales to measure parents' feeding practices. The aim of this study was to test the validity of a translated and adapted Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire in a sample of Brazilian preschool-aged children enrolled in private schools. METHODS A transcultural adaptation process was performed in order to develop a modified questionnaire (43 items). After piloting, the questionnaire was sent to parents, along with additional questions about family characteristics. Test-retest reliability was assessed in one of the schools. Factor analysis with oblique rotation was performed. Internal reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and correlations between factors, discriminant validity using marker variables of child's food intake, and convergent validity via correlations with parental perceptions of perceived responsibility for feeding and concern about the child's weight were also performed. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 402 preschool children. Factor analysis resulted in a final questionnaire of 43 items distributed over 6 factors. Cronbach alpha values were adequate (0.74 to 0.88), between-factor correlations were low, and discriminant validity and convergent validity were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS The modified CFPQ demonstrated significant internal reliability in this urban Brazilian sample. Scale validation within different cultures is essential for a more comprehensive understanding of parental feeding practices for preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgreen, 1647, CEP: 04040-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís Amaral Mais
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgreen, 1647, CEP: 04040-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nascimento VG, da Silva JPC, Ferreira PC, Bertoli CJ, Leone C. Maternal breastfeeding, early introduction of non-breast milk, and excess weight in preschoolers. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2016; 34:454-459. [PMID: 27452430 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate associations between excess weight in preschool children, breastfeeding duration and age of non-breast milk introduction. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 817 preschool children, aged 2 to 4 years, attending municipal day care centers in the city of Taubaté. The weight and height of children were measured in the day care centers in 2009, 2010 and 2011. The body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated and children were classified as risk of overweight (BMIz≥1 to<2) or excess weight (BMIz≥2). Data analysis was carried out by comparison of proportions, coefficient of correlation and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The prevalence of risk of overweight was 18.9% and of excess weight (overweight or obesity) was 9.3%. The median duration of breastfeeding and age of introduction of non-breast milk was 6 months. The child's BMIz showed direct correlation with birth weight (r=0.154; p<0.001) and maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.113; p=0.002). The correlation was inverse with the total duration of breastfeeding (r=-0.099; p=0.006) and age at non-breast milk introduction (r=-0.112; p=0.002). There was no correlation between the child's BMIz with birth length, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and mother's age. CONCLUSIONS The earlier the introduction of non-breast milk, the higher the correlation with excess weight at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janaína Paula Costa da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Trairi, RN, Brasil
| | | | | | - Claudio Leone
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Bila WC, Freitas AED, Galdino AS, Ferriolli E, Pfrimer K, Lamounier JA. Deuterium oxide dilution and body composition in overweight and obese schoolchildren aged 6-9 years. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:46-52. [PMID: 26247920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate different methods of body composition assessment in overweight or obese schoolchildren, using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution as a reference. METHODS Percentage of total body water (%TBW), fat free mass (%FFM), and body fat (%BF) were assessed by D2O and tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 54 obese and overweight students aged 6-9 years. Skinfold thickness (ST), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio were also used. RESULTS Mean values for body composition were 38.4%±8.4% BF, 44.9%±6.1% TBW and 61.6%±8.4% FFM. There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat mass (FM), TBW, and FFM between genders. Regarding D2O, ST underestimated %BF, and overestimated %FFM in both genders (p<0.05). BIA overestimated %TBW in the group as a whole and in males (p<0.05). The only positive and strong correlations occurred in females regarding the WC (σ=0.679), CI (r=0.634), and WHtR (r=0.666). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of obese and overweight children, there were strong correlations between body composition measured by D2O and some indices and anthropometric indicators in females, but there was no positive and strong correlation of fat tissue with the indices/indicators at all ages and in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Costa Bila
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - André Everton de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joel Alves Lamounier
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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Bila WC, de Freitas AE, Galdino AS, Ferriolli E, Pfrimer K, Lamounier JA. Deuterium oxide dilution and body composition in overweight and obese schoolchildren aged 6‐9 years. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ultra-processed food consumption in children from a Basic Health Unit. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015; 91:535-42. [PMID: 26092227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed food (UPF) on the dietary consumption of children treated at a Basic Health Unit and the associated factors. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study carried out with a convenience sample of 204 children, aged 2-10 years old, in Southern Brazil. Children's food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall questionnaire. Food items were classified as minimally processed, processed for culinary use, and ultra-processed. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. Overweight in children was classified using a Z score >2 for children younger than 5 and Z score >+1 for those aged between 5 and 10 years, using the body mass index for age. RESULTS Overweight frequency was 34% (95% CI: 28-41%). Mean energy consumption was 1672.3 kcal/day, with 47% (95% CI: 45-49%) coming from ultra-processed food. In the multiple linear regression model, maternal education (r=0.23; p=0.001) and child age (r=0.40; p<0.001) were factors associated with a greater percentage of UPF in the diet (r=0.42; p<0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant trend for higher UPF consumption was observed when data were stratified by child age and maternal educational level (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The contribution of UPF is significant in children's diets and age appears to be an important factor for the consumption of such products.
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Ultra‐processed food consumption in children from a Basic Health Unit. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dutra GF, Kaufmann CC, Pretto AD, Albernaz EP. Television viewing habits and their influence on physical activity and childhood overweight. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dutra GF, Kaufmann CC, Pretto ADB, Albernaz EP. Television viewing habits and their influence on physical activity and childhood overweight. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015; 91:346-51. [PMID: 25619605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of television (TV) viewing habits and their association with childhood sedentary lifestyle and overweight in 8-year-old children, from a cohort in a city in Southern Brazil. METHODS A prospective cohort study with hospital screening of all births that occurred from September of 2002 to May of 2003. This study refers to a cross-sectional analysis of data collected during the cohort's follow-up conducted at 8 years of age. To evaluate the level of physical activity, a physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents was used (PAQ-C), during the consultation at 8 years of age. RESULTS Of the 616 interviewed children, a prevalence of sedentary lifestyle>70% was found, as well as the habit of watching TV for more than two hours a day in 60% of the sample, regardless of gender (p=0.30), income (p=0.57), or family socioeconomic level (p=0.90). The daily time spent watching TV was inversely associated with physical activity (p<0.05) and positively associated with excess weight (p<0.01). Regarding physical activity, running was the most frequently practiced sports modality among the population. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and children who watch TV for an excessive period of time, it is necessary to motivate such individuals to perform interactive activities, as well as promote a more active lifestyle, by decreasing the time children spend in front of the TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele F Dutra
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristina C Kaufmann
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra D B Pretto
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine P Albernaz
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Robinson PD. Obesity and its impact on the respiratory system. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:219-26. [PMID: 25092493 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has complex and incompletely understood effects upon the respiratory system in childhood, which differs in some aspects to those seen in adults. There is increasing evidence that excess adiposity will impact negatively upon static and dynamic respiratory function as measured through lung volumes, lung compartment mechanics, measures of airway function and exercise capability to varying degrees. Further information is needed to better understand the effects in children, and the importance of onset and duration of obesity on subsequent outcomes. Consensus about how best to express adiposity is also an essential part of this process and fat distribution is another important factor. From a clinical standpoint this creates challenges in distinguishing a deconditioned obese young person from a non-atopic asthmatic because of symptom overlap and lung function testing results, including responses seen during airway challenges. There is evidence to support the role of weight loss in achieving normalisation of lung function parameters, but as always with obesity there are enormous challenges in realising this goal for many subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Overweight in children: a growing problem. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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