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Chen Q, Tan KS, Liu J, Ong HH, Zhou S, Huang H, Chen H, Ong YK, Thong M, Chow VT, Qiu Q, Wang DY. Host Antiviral Response Suppresses Ciliogenesis and Motile Ciliary Functions in the Nasal Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581340. [PMID: 33409274 PMCID: PMC7779769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viral infections are one of the main drivers of development and exacerbation for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Increased viral susceptibility and impaired mucociliary clearance are often associated with chronic airway inflammatory diseases and served as risk factors of exacerbations. However, the links between viral susceptibility, viral clearance, and impaired mucociliary functions are unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide the insights into the effects of improper clearance of respiratory viruses from the epithelium following infection, and their resulting persistent activation of antiviral response, on mucociliary functions. Methods In order to investigate the effects of persistent antiviral responses triggered by viral components from improper clearance on cilia formation and function, we established an in vitro air–liquid interface (ALI) culture of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and used Poly(I:C) as a surrogate of viral components to simulate their effects toward re-epithelization and mucociliary functions of the nasal epithelium following damages from a viral infection. Results Through previous and current viral infection expression data, we found that respiratory viral infection of hNECs downregulated motile cilia gene expression. We then further tested the effects of antiviral response activation on the differentiation of hNECs using Poly(I:C) stimulation on differentiating human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs). Using this model, we observed reduced ciliated cell differentiation compared to goblet cells, reduced protein and mRNA in ciliogenesis-associated markers, and increased mis-assembly and mis-localization of ciliary protein DNAH5 following treatment with 25 μg/ml Poly(I:C) in differentiating hNECs. Additionally, the cilia length and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were also decreased, which suggest impairment of ciliary function as well. Conclusion Our results suggest that the impairments of ciliogenesis and ciliary function in hNECs may be triggered by specific expression of host antiviral response genes during re-epithelization of the nasal epithelium following viral infection. This event may in turn drive the development and exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suizi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qianhui Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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