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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Genetic counselling and perinatal follow-up. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:5S3-5S7. [PMID: 36585068 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(22)00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disorder almost fully penetrant with highly variable expression. Most cases are de novo and this diagnosis is sometimes considered during prenatal life in case of cardiac tumor, unique or multiple. The couple should be referred to a specialized tertiary prenatal care center for expertise and information. Fetal molecular testing of the two genes TSC1 and TSC2 is often informative. Prognosis determination for Tuberous Sclerosis remains a difficult task. Cardiac tumors can be sometimes worrying but only a minority will have a pejorative issue and most cases are asymptomatic without any therapeutic intervention needed. Only few cases need surgical or medical treatment. Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis can develop skin, eye, kidney or lung lesions later on, but they are either of limited consequence or treatable. The crux of the matter is the neurological involvement with frequent intellectual deficiency and epilepsy that can be drug-resistant. The absence of lesion on fetal brain MRI is not predictive of any prognosis and does not rule out Tuberous Sclerosis. De novo TSC2 mutation is a negative prognosis factor and conversely, an inherited TSC1 mutation is a more favorable one, but with a severe issue still possible. Facing this cautious prognosis, some couple may opt for termination of pregnancy while others decide to pursue it. It is then fundamental to set cardiac and neurological regular follow-up for these newborns. © 2022 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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2
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Surgical Treatment of Primary Cardiac Tumors in Children Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:251-266. [PMID: 35113182 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review sought to investigate the current evidence regarding surgical management of primary cardiac tumors in children. Twenty-four studies were deemed eligible, reporting on 713 pediatric patients. Cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 5.5% and 7.5% after surgery. It was revealed a statistically lower mortality rate in the group of patients below 1 year of age, justifying a more aggressive surgical approach for primary cardiac tumors, except for rhabdomyoma that can regress spontaneously.
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3
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Cui C, Liang W, Fan T, Liu L. Prenatal diagnosis of a right coronary artery to right atrial fistula with a giant coronary artery aneurysm: A case report. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2020; 48:489-492. [PMID: 32491209 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare cardiac anomaly. Here, we diagnosed a right coronary artery-right atrium fistula with giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) via fetal echocardiography at 35 weeks' gestation. An urgent caesarean delivery was performed at 36 weeks' gestation because CAA caused mitral obstruction, and fetal atrial flutter was present. Following delivery, we performed aneurysm ligation because the new-born developed atrial tachycardia. The intraoperative findings confirmed the sonographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of CAF and giant CAA has not been reported in the literature. We focus on the ultrasonic characteristics and differential diagnosis in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunying Cui
- Department of ultrasonography, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Liang
- Children's Cardiac Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Taibing Fan
- Children's Cardiac Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of ultrasonography, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Occult primary cardiac lymphomas causing unexpected/sudden death or acute heart failure. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:603-607. [PMID: 32372222 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of unexpected/sudden death (N = 2) or acute heart failure (N = 1) were investigated in our centre. The first patient died unexpectedly after surgery for cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis; at autopsy, gross features mimicked a pericardial mesothelioma. The second patient died suddenly after recovering from a respiratory insufficiency episode; autopsy revealed an epicardial mass encircling the right coronary artery. The third patient presenting symptoms mimicked a fulminant myocarditis and she underwent endomyocardial biopsy. In all cases, histology disclosed a diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, localized to the pericardium together with the right ventricle and the conduction system, to the epicardium and the right coronary artery or to the myocardium, respectively. Histology was crucial for the diagnosis, the atypical presentation favouring other diagnostic hypotheses. Although primary cardiac lymphoma is uncommon and usually shows a sub-acute onset, it may also cause unexpected/sudden death or acute heart failure.
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5
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Norawat R, Sarkar D, Maybauer MO. Perioperative management of critical right ventricular inflow obstruction from right atrial rhabdomyoma. Ann Card Anaesth 2019; 21:430-432. [PMID: 30333341 PMCID: PMC6206783 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_233_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumor in infancy and commonly located in the ventricles causing outflow obstruction or arrhythmias. We report a rare pediatric (7 month old) case of a right atrial rhabdomyoma presenting with severe cyanosis and low cardiac output from significant tricuspid inflow obstruction with right to left shunt across a stretched patent foramen ovale. We present an emergency cardiac surgery for right atrial tumor resection, and the management of separating the patient with failing right ventricle from cardiopulmonary bypass using a Glenn shunt, since extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or nitric oxide was not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Norawat
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Manchester University, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Sarkar
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Marc O Maybauer
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Manchester University, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, The University of Queensland, Critical Care Research Group, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Cavalcante CTDMB, Pinto Junior VC, Pompeu RG, Teles ACDO, Bandeira JA, Maia ICL, Tavora FRF, Cavalcante MB, Zamarian ACP, Araujo Júnior E, Castello Branco KM. Perinatal unusual rhabdomyoma location - case report and systematic reviews of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:137-151. [PMID: 30895836 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1597044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report a case of prenatal diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) and neonatal surgical treatment as well as undertaking a systematic review of the literature to determine most frequent localization of CR, common signs and symptoms, associated pathologies, incidence of surgery, and prognoses for CR.Methods: We conducted systematic review of the literature on CR that were diagnosed and treated in the perinatal period, searching for English language articles in the PubMed/Medline database that were published within the past 20 years, using the following search terms: "cardiac rhabdomyoma"; "neonates"; "newborn"; "surgery".Results: Eighty-two studies were selected, but only 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. After birth, the majority of newborns were asymptomatic; however, murmurs and arrhythmia were also the two most prevalent signs of CR. The most prevalent location was the ventricles, corresponding to 40.3% of all cases, with 53% of these having a rhabdomyoma in the left ventricle. The incidence of multiple tumors was 56%, and in those cases the location of tumors was also most common in the ventricles. Tuberous sclerosis was the most commonly associated pathology, being present in 72% of cases of CR. Surgical treatment occurred in 27% of cases, and 3% of cases required surgery and prostaglandin. Regarding the perinatal outcome, 6% of cases resulted in fetal or neonatal death.Conclusion: CR are benign tumors which tend to spontaneously regress during early childhood but may have unfavorable outcomes in the presence of obstructive lesions and arrhythmias. Surgery is generally necessary in symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald Guedes Pompeu
- Pediatric Cardiac Center of the Messejana Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jeanne Araújo Bandeira
- Pediatric Cardiac Center of the Messejana Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Perez Zamarian
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klebia Magalhães Castello Branco
- Pediatric Cardiac Center of the Messejana Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Organ Transplantation, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
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7
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Masmejan S, Baud D, Ryan G, Van Mieghem T. Management of fetal tumors. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 58:107-120. [PMID: 30770283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the most common fetal tumors, their prenatal management, and outcomes. Overall, the most important outcome predictors are tumor histology, size, vascularity, and location. Very large lesions, lesions causing cardiac failure, and hydrops and lesions obstructing the fetal airway have the poorest outcome, as they may cause fetal death or complications at the time of delivery. Fetal therapy has been developed to improve outcomes for the most severe cases and can consist of transplacental therapy (sirolimus for rhabdomyomas or steroids for hemangiomas and microcystic lung lesions) or surgical intervention (shunting of cystic masses, tumor ablation, occlusion of blood flow or airway exploration, and protection). Given the rarity of fetal tumors, patients should be referred to expert centers where care can be optimized and individualized to allow the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Masmejan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Baud
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greg Ryan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tim Van Mieghem
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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8
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Yuan SM. Fetal cardiac tumors: clinical features, management and prognosis. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:115-121. [PMID: 28343178 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fetal cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign. While echocardiography is a reliable technique for diagnosing fetal cardiac tumors, their definitive diagnosis relies on pathological examination. The strategies used to manage fetal cardiac tumors are challenging. A good clinical result is their complete regression during pregnancy or shortly after birth, as often occurs with cardiac rhabdomyomas. Moreover, the fetal prognosis depends on the nature of the tumors, namely, their location, size, number and associated complications. The active treatment options for symptomatic fetuses depend on the fetal status and may include fetal open surgery, postnatal tumor resection with or without the bridge of intrauterine pericardiocentesis, and thoracoamniotic shunting. The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure provides an alternative technique for performing fetal open surgery and has shown promising preliminary results in selected cases, but is invasive for both the mother and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Min Yuan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 389 Longdejing Street, Chengxiang District, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, P.R. China, Tel.: 86 594 6923117
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9
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Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Mylonas KS, Avgerinos DV, Nasioudis D. Cardiac Tumors in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 8:624-632. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135117723904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review sought to investigate the current evidence regarding surgical management of primary cardiac tumors in children and adolescents. Twenty-eight studies were deemed eligible, reporting on 745 pediatric patients. Rhabdomyoma was the most prevalent histologic type and echocardiography was the most common diagnostic tool. Cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 6.7%. Rhabdomyomas and teratomas had the highest 30-day mortality. The higher percentage of tumor relapse was noted for myxoma and teratoma. Although cardiac tumors are rare, their atypical clinical presentation, potential for recurrence, and the poor prognosis associated with recurrence elucidate the need for reliable diagnostic and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Tzani
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos S. Mylonas
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios V. Avgerinos
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Medical Center, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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De Martino A, Blasi S, Lorenzini D, Fornaro M, Basolo F, Bortolotti U, Pucci A. Lipomatous hamartoma-like lesion of a bicuspid aortic valve: an incidental surgical finding. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:500-502. [PMID: 27619733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac valve lipomatous hamartomas are very rare lesions with preferential localization on the pericardium, followed by the endocardial surfaces. We report a quite unique case of a lipomatous hamartoma-like lesion involving a bicuspid aortic valve. The lesion was incidentally found in a young patient undergoing cardiac surgery for aortic regurgitation, and the diagnosis was done by histology. It cannot be excluded that the lipomatous hamartoma-like lesion might have contributed to aortic valve regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Martino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Blasi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Fornaro
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Uberto Bortolotti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela Pucci
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Seki H, Bakhtiary F, Vollroth M, Mohr FW, Kostelka M. Rescue surgery for neonate with huge rhabdomyoma and left outflow obstruction. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492315596656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rescue operation in a neonate with a large left ventricular tumor obstructing the left ventricular outflow tract. Surgical resection was performed through an aortotomy and transseptal approach. We excised the main part of the tumor, which was obstructing the outflow tract, leaving a portion that was strongly attached to posterior wall of the left ventricle and mitral valve annulus, which was not feasible to remove. Histological examination showed a rhabdomyoma with benign features. The girl was doing well after 3 months, with no residual tumor growth and no signs of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Seki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Farhad Bakhtiary
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Vollroth
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kostelka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Więckowska K, Piątek K, Respondek-Liberska M. Heart Tumors in 33 Fetuses - Review of Twenty-Two Years of the Single-Centre Experience. PRENATAL CARDIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pcard-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac tumors (CT) have been diagnosed since the eighties of the last century. The three most commonly diagnosed types of CT are rhabdomyomas, teratomas and fibromas. Severe fetal disturbances, such as arrythmias, fetal hydrops, ventricular obstructions, may be associated with the heart tumor.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the key role of the echocardiographic examination in the perinatal care and to present some demographic changes in this population of the youngest patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the Filemaker database of the Department for Diagnosis and Prevention of Congenital Malformations, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital & Medical University of Lodz, all cases with prenatal diagnoses of cardiac tumor in singleton pregnancy were compiled over a 22-year period (1993–2015). 33 cases of heart tumors in fetuses had 72 fetal echo examinations. The average number of cases per year was 1,5 (range 1 – 5). The retrospective analysis of the material was performed using the Statistica package. The analysis included the assessment of the cardiovascular condition defined by Cardiovascular Profile Score, location and number of tumors; age, past obstetric history, place of residence of the mother, type of delivery and neonatal follow-up.
RESULTS: The number of fetuses with cardiac tumor cases did not increase during this period. The maternal age was 28,1 years (± 5,2 years) and was decreasing over time. The primigravidae constituted 60% of examined population. The history of past miscarriages was observed in 26% of women. The majority of tumors were detected and diagnosed in the third trimester – at mean 29,6 hbd, but the diagnosis was made earlier in the past decades (regression analysis, p=0,042). The average duration of pregnancy was 36,6 hbd (range: 27-42 hbd). There was no statistical difference between decades in term on pregnancy duration.
The cardiac tumors were more frequent in the female fetuses (71,4% to 28,6%; X2 test; p=0,006). The proportions between the groups of single and multiple tumors changed in last five years – currently the multiple tumors are more frequent (87,5%). The mortality in the group of single tumors was twice as high as in the group of multiple tumors. The percentage of cesarean sections between 1993 and 2005 was 67% and between 2006 and 2015 was 75% (p=0,63). The mortality of neonates with cardiac tumors declined over the period taken into account.
CONCLUSIONS: The perinatal care of the fetuses with cardiac tumors improved over last 20 years. The characteristics of analyzed population had shown that fetal CTs affected healthy, young mothers, more often primigravidae, more often female fetuses. The prevalence of CTs did not increase over time. The gestational age at the time of the diagnosis decreased, thus the period of fetal echo monitoring increased. However, the rate of cesarean sections also increased, which requires further studies and explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Więckowska
- 1. Medical University of Lodz, 5th Grade, Scientific Student's Circle of Prenatal Cardiology
| | - Katarzyna Piątek
- 1. Medical University of Lodz, 5th Grade, Scientific Student's Circle of Prenatal Cardiology
| | - Maria Respondek-Liberska
- 2. Department of Diagnoses and Prevention Fetal Malformations, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
- 3. Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Moavero R, Romagnoli G, Graziola F, Curatolo P. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Life-Threatening Conditions in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:282-94. [PMID: 26706015 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem disease associated with an overall reduction in life expectancy due to the possible occurrence of different life-threatening conditions. Subjects affected by TSC are, in fact, at risk of hydrocephalus secondary to the growth of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, or of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Other nonneurological life-threatening conditions include abdominal bleeding owing to renal angiomyolipomas rupture, renal insufficiency due to progressive parenchymal destruction by multiple cysts, pulmonary complications due to lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and cardiac failure or arrhythmias secondary to rhabdomyomas. In the last decades, there has been a great progress in understanding the pathophysiology of TSC-related manifestations, which are mainly linked to the hyperactivation of the so-called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as a consequence of the mutation in 1 of the 2 genes TSC1 or TSC2. This led to the development of new treatment strategies for this disease. In fact, it is now available as a biologically targeted therapy with everolimus, a selective mTOR inhibitor, which has been licensed in Europe and USA for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and angiomyolipomas in subjects with TSC. This drug also proved to benefit other TSC-related manifestations, including pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and presumably epileptic seizures. mTOR inhibitors are thus proving to be a systemic therapy able to simultaneously address different and potentially life-threatening complications, giving the hope of improving life expectation in individuals with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Moavero
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit, Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gloria Romagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Graziola
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Myxoma in neonatal life are extremely rare. We report a case of a neonate with a pedunculated cardiac tumour arising from the anterolateral left ventricular wall protruding across the left ventricular outflow tract and continuously extending into the distal aortic arch. Surgical removal at 14 days of age via combined transaortic approach and apical ventriculotomy was indicated because of the risk of further compromise of aortic valve function and aortic arch obstruction. Histopathologic examination was consistent with a myxoma.
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15
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Hood HW, Dodge-Khatami A, Parnell AS, Salazar JD. Biventricular Repair in a Neonate With Obstructive Inflow Cardiac Rhabdomyoma and Tuberous Sclerosis. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2015; 6:307-10. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135114561689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A neonate with prenatally diagnosed large intracardiac rhabdomyomas and suspicion of tuberous sclerosis presented at birth with severe ductal-dependent obstruction at the tricuspid valve and an atrial septal defect (ASD). Biventricular repair at 9 days of life included tumor resection, repair of the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve with autologous pericardium, fenestrated ASD closure, and ductus ligation. After an uneventful postoperative recovery, follow-up echocardiography at two months showed excellent results with tricuspid valve competency and normal biventricular function. Overall prognosis will probably depend on issues pertaining to tuberous sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter W. Hood
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Children’s Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ali Dodge-Khatami
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Children’s Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Aimee S. Parnell
- Pediatric and Fetal Cardiology, Children’s Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jorge D. Salazar
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Children’s Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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16
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Careddu L, Oppido G, Petridis FD, Liberi R, Ragni L, Pacini D, Pace Napoleone C, Angeli E, Gargiulo G. Primary cardiac tumours in the paediatric population. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 2013:mmt013. [PMID: 24458239 DOI: 10.1093/mmcts/mmt013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac tumours are relatively rare in the paediatric population, and they may occur with different signs and symptoms in foetal or post-natal life. The clinical manifestations of cardiac tumours in foetal life may include arrhythmias, congestive heart failure and hydrops. In post-natal life, cardiac tumours may cause cyanosis, respiratory distress, myocardial dysfunction, valvular insufficiency, arrhythmias, inflow or outflow tract obstructions and sudden death. Surgical treatment is essential when symptoms are present, while the role of medical therapy can merely be palliative. Results are various and related to the patients' and tumour characteristics. Primary benign heart tumours mainly have a good prognosis, while malignant neoplasms usually have a poor prognosis; in both cases, however, a strict follow-up is always mandatory in order to detect the recurrence of cardiac neoplasms after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Careddu
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and GUCH Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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