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Dolatshahi M, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Saberi P, Mohammadi S, Aarabi MH. Central nervous system microstructural alterations in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of diffusion Tensor imaging studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 205:110645. [PMID: 37004976 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic childhood disease with potentially persistent CNS disruptions. In this study, we aimed to systematically review diffusion tensor imaging studies in patients with T1DM to understand the microstructural effects of this entity on individuals' brains METHODS: We performed a systematic search and reviewed the studies to include the DTI studies in individuals with T1DM. The data for the relevant studies were extracted and a qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included, most of which showed reduced FA widespread in optic radiation, corona radiate, and corpus callosum, as well as other frontal, parietal, and temporal regions in the adult population, while most of the studies in the juvenile patients showed non-significant differences or a non-persistent pattern of changes. Also, reduced AD and MD in individuals with T1DM compared to controls and non-significant differences in RD were noted in the majority of studies. Microstructural alterations were associated with clinical profile, including age, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION T1DM is associated with microstructural brain alterations including reduced FA, MD, and AD in widespread brain regions, especially in association with glycemic fluctuations and in adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- NeuroImaging Laboratories, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Parastoo Saberi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheil Mohammadi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Kwok MY, Quayle KS, Brown KM, Schunk JE, Trainor JL, McManemy JK, Tzimenatos L, Rewers A, Nigrovic LE, Bennett JE, Myers SR, Smith M, Casper TC, Kuppermann N. Relationships among biochemical measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:313-318. [PMID: 36637392 PMCID: PMC9986464 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating empirical relationships among laboratory measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can provide insights into physiological alterations occurring during DKA. We determined whether alterations in laboratory measures during DKA conform to theoretical predictions. METHODS We used Pearson correlation statistics and linear regression to investigate correlations between blood glucose, electrolytes, pH and PCO2 at emergency department presentation in 1,681 pediatric DKA episodes. Among children with repeat DKA episodes, we also assessed correlations between laboratory measures at the first vs. second episode. RESULTS pH and bicarbonate levels were strongly correlated (r=0.64), however, pH and PCO2 were only loosely correlated (r=0.17). Glucose levels were correlated with indicators of dehydration and kidney function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), r=0.44; creatinine, r=0.42; glucose-corrected sodium, r=0.32). Among children with repeat DKA episodes, PCO2 levels tended to be similar at the first vs. second episode (r=0.34), although pH levels were only loosely correlated (r=0.19). CONCLUSIONS Elevated glucose levels at DKA presentation largely reflect alterations in glomerular filtration rate. pH and PCO2 are weakly correlated suggesting that respiratory responses to acidosis vary among individuals and may be influenced by pulmonary and central nervous system effects of DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Michael J Stoner
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Maria Y Kwok
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly S Quayle
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeff E Schunk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jennifer L Trainor
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Julie K McManemy
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Leah Tzimenatos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Colorado Children's Hospital, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Lise E Nigrovic
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bennett
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nemours/A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sage R Myers
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - McKenna Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Nathan Kuppermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
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Zaki SA, Shaikh MG, Rashid A. Severe hypertension in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis a case report and review of literature. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2022; 17:149-152. [PMID: 36606170 PMCID: PMC9809442 DOI: 10.51866/cr.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. Despite the presence of dehydration, hypertension occurs in a significant proportion of children with DKA. There is a lack of clarity in the literature regarding the management of hypertension in patients with paediatric DKA. Herein, we report the case of an adolescent boy who presented with DKA and severe hypertension. His neurological status was closely monitored. There was a gradual decline in his blood pressure with an improvement in the pH over the next 72 hours. The combination of severe DKA and hypertension can be a challenging clinical dilemma, especially regarding fluid management. Studies on severe DKA in children are exacting, given the rarity of this condition. A multi-centre study is suggested to provide a meaningful analysis of this aspect of DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ahmed Zaki
- MD, MRCPCH, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar Hyderabad, India.
| | - M Guftar Shaikh
- MD, FRCPCH, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Asrar Rashid
- MRCP, FRCPCH, Department of Paediatric intensive care unit, NMC Royal hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Lai JQ, Shi YC, Lin S, Chen XR. Metabolic disorders on cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:451-462. [PMID: 35534336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a common adverse consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). After brain injury, the brain and other organs trigger a series of complex metabolic changes, including reduced glucose metabolism, enhanced lipid peroxidation, disordered neurotransmitter secretion, and imbalanced trace element synthesis. In recent years, several research and clinical studies have demonstrated that brain metabolism directly or indirectly affects cognitive dysfunction after TBI, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Drugs that improve the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction caused by TBI are under investigation and treatments that target metabolic processes are expected to improve cognitive function in the future. This review explores the impact of metabolic disorders on cognitive dysfunction after TBI and provides new strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China; Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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Chen S, Zhang S, Wu H, Zhang D, You G, You J, Zheng N. Protective effect of phillyrin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy in neurons. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7940-7950. [PMID: 35291908 PMCID: PMC9278963 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role and potential molecular mechanism of phillyrin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/R model was constructed, and cerebral infarction volume, brain water content, and neurological score were measured. Neuron morphological structures in brain tissues and primary neuron apoptosis were detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. In MCAO/R rats, phillyrin markedly reduced cerebral infarction volume, neurological score, and brain water content and inhibited neuron apoptosis. In vitro experiments showed that phillyrin remarkably increased viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of H2O2-injured neurons. Moreover, phillyrin remarkably downregulated the proportion of apoptosis-related protein B-associated X (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and reduced procaspase-3, phospho-Akt (p-Akt-1), and phosphorylation-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) levels in H2O2-injured neurons. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor ZSTK474 weakened the effects of phillyrin on p-mTOR, p-Akt-1, characteristic proteins of autophagy 3-II (LC3-II) and beclin-1 levels, and H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, phillyrin alleviates I/R injury by inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis and autophagy pathway, which may provide a new treatment strategy for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Daobao Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoliang You
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing You
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Niandong Zheng
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
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Sweney J, Bratton SL. Protecting the Brain During Pediatric DKA Treatment. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-050611. [PMID: 34373321 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Sweney
- Pediatric Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Susan L Bratton
- Pediatric Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Azova S, Rapaport R, Wolfsdorf J. Brain injury in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: Review of the literature and a proposed pathophysiologic pathway for the development of cerebral edema. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:148-160. [PMID: 33197066 PMCID: PMC10127934 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) is a potentially devastating complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that almost exclusively occurs in children. Since its first description in 1936, numerous risk factors have been identified; however, there continues to be uncertainty concerning the mechanisms that lead to its development. Currently, the most widely accepted hypothesis posits that CE occurs as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury, with inflammation and impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation contributing to its pathogenesis. The role of specific aspects of DKA treatment in the development of CE continues to be controversial. This review critically examines the literature on the pathophysiology of CE and attempts to categorize the findings by types of brain injury that contribute to its development: cytotoxic, vasogenic, and osmotic. Utilizing this scheme, we propose a multifactorial pathway for the development of CE in patients with DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Azova
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Wolfsdorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Glaser N, Chu S, Hung B, Fernandez L, Wulff H, Tancredi D, ODonnell ME. Acute and chronic neuroinflammation is triggered by diabetic ketoacidosis in a rat model. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e001793. [PMID: 33318070 PMCID: PMC7737057 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and has been attributed to the effects of chronic hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has only recently been suspected to be involved in causing cognitive decline. We hypothesized that DKA triggers both acute and chronic neuroinflammation, contributing to brain injury. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN We measured concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in serum and brain tissue lysates in juvenile rats during and after DKA (during acute DKA, 24 hours and 7 days after DKA), and compared these to healthy controls and hyperglycemic controls. We also measured cytokine, chemokine and MMP concentrations in serum and brain tissue of adult rats (70 days) that had experienced DKA as juveniles and compared these measurements to those of adult diabetic rats without exposure to DKA. RESULTS During acute DKA in the juvenile rats, serum concentrations of CCL3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß and MMP-9 were significantly increased. Serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17A increased 7 days after DKA recovery. In brain tissue lysates, concentrations of CCL3, CCL5, interferon (IFN)-γ and MMP-9 were significantly elevated during acute DKA. In adult rats that had DKA as juveniles (28 days previously), serum concentrations of IL-1ß and brain concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12p70 were elevated in comparison to diabetic rats without prior DKA. Composite scores for highly correlated cytokines and chemokines (mean z-scores for IL-10, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, CXCL-1 and CCL5) were also significantly elevated in adult rats with prior DKA. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that DKA causes acute systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in a rat model. Importantly, the neuroinflammatory response triggered by DKA is long-lasting, suggesting the possibility that DKA-induced chronic neuroinflammation could contribute to long-term cognitive decline in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Hung
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Luis Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Martha E ODonnell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Hypertension during Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children. J Pediatr 2020; 223:156-163.e5. [PMID: 32387716 PMCID: PMC7414786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize hemodynamic alterations occurring during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a large cohort of children and to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN This was a planned secondary analysis of data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in DKA Study, a randomized clinical trial of fluid resuscitation protocols for children in DKA. Hemodynamic data (heart rate, blood pressure) from children with DKA were assessed in comparison with normal values for age and sex. Multivariable statistical modeling was used to explore clinical and laboratory predictors of hypertension. RESULTS Among 1258 DKA episodes, hypertension was documented at presentation in 154 (12.2%) and developed during DKA treatment in an additional 196 (15.6%), resulting in a total of 350 DKA episodes (27.8%) in which hypertension occurred at some time. Factors associated with hypertension at presentation included more severe acidosis, (lower pH and lower pCO2), and stage 2 or 3 acute kidney injury. More severe acidosis and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores were associated with hypertension occurring at any time during DKA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Despite dehydration, hypertension occurs in a substantial number of children with DKA. Factors associated with hypertension include greater severity of acidosis, lower pCO2, and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores during DKA treatment, suggesting that hypertension might be centrally mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cashen
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Tara Petersen
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sperling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York
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12
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Central Pontine Myelinolysis in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Case Rep Crit Care 2018; 2018:4273971. [PMID: 29973999 PMCID: PMC6008881 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4273971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is rarely reported in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report this case of a 16-year-old female with new onset diabetes presenting with DKA, who received aggressive fluid resuscitation and sodium bicarbonate in the emergency department. Later she developed altered mental status concerning for cerebral edema and received hyperosmolar therapy with only transient improvement. Soon she became apneic requiring emergent endotracheal intubation. MRI brain showed cerebral edema, CPM, and subdural hemorrhage. She was extubated on day seven and exhibited mild dysmetria, ataxia, unilateral weakness, and neglect. Upon discharge she was able to ambulate with a walker and speak and eat without difficulty. Although less common than cerebral edema, CPM should be considered in DKA patients with acute neurologic deterioration. Fluid and bicarbonate therapy should be individualized, but larger studies would help guide the management. Although poor outcomes are reported in CPM, favorable outcomes are possible.
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Comparison between thaw-mounting and use of conductive tape for sample preparation in ToF-SIMS imaging of lipids in Drosophila microRNA-14 model. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B414. [PMID: 29602282 DOI: 10.1116/1.5019597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging elucidates molecular distributions in tissue sections, providing useful information about the metabolic pathways linked to diseases. However, delocalization of the analytes and inadequate tissue adherence during sample preparation are among some of the unfortunate phenomena associated with this technique due to their role in the reduction of the quality, reliability, and spatial resolution of the ToF-SIMS images. For these reasons, ToF-SIMS imaging requires a more rigorous sample preparation method in order to preserve the natural state of the tissues. The traditional thaw-mounting method is particularly vulnerable to altered distributions of the analytes due to thermal effects, as well as to tissue shrinkage. In the present study, the authors made comparisons of different tissue mounting methods, including the thaw-mounting method. The authors used conductive tape as the tissue-mounting material on the substrate because it does not require heat from the finger for the tissue section to adhere to the substrate and can reduce charge accumulation during data acquisition. With the conductive-tape sampling method, they were able to acquire reproducible tissue sections and high-quality images without redistribution of the molecules. Also, the authors were successful in preserving the natural states and chemical distributions of the different components of fat metabolites such as diacylglycerol and fatty acids by using the tape-supported sampling in microRNA-14 (miR-14) deleted Drosophila models. The method highlighted here shows an improvement in the accuracy of mass spectrometric imaging of tissue samples.
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Histological and cognitive alterations in adult diabetic rats following an episode of juvenile diabetic ketoacidosis: Evidence of permanent cerebral injury. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:161-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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