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Branagan A, Molloy EJ, Badawi N, Nelson KB. Causes and Terminology in Neonatal Encephalopathy: What is in a Name? Neonatal Encephalopathy, Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy or Perinatal Asphyxia. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:521-534. [PMID: 39095093 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurologic depression in term/near-term neonates (neonatal encephalopathy, NE) is uncommon with modern obstetric care. Asphyxial birth, with or without co-factors, accounts for a minority of NE, while maldevelopment (congenital malformations, growth aberrations, genetic, metabolic and placental abnormalities) plays an enlarging role in identifying etiologic subgroups of NE. The terms NE and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) have not been employed uniformly, hampering research and clinical care. The authors propose the term NE as an early working-diagnosis, to be supplemented by a diagnosis of NE due to HIE or to other factors, as a final diagnosis once workup is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Branagan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, 32 Kickham Road, Inchicore, Dublin 8, Dublin D08W2T0, Ireland; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, 32 Kickham Road, Inchicore, Dublin 8, Dublin D08W2T0, Ireland; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Ireland; Department of Neonatology, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Neurodisability, Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School; Faculty of Medicine & Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Sydney, PO Box 171, Allambie Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2100, Australia; Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karin B Nelson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, 050 Military Road NEW, Apt 815, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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Gunn AJ, Soul JS, Vesoulis ZA, Ferriero DM. The importance of not increasing confusion around neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:871-872. [PMID: 38158415 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-03001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Janet S Soul
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Donna M Ferriero
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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