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Kulak O, Osipov A, Hendifar AE, Nissen NN, Cox BK, Hruban RH, Hutchings DA. Pancreatoblastoma in Elderly Adults: Report of Two Patients. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:772-777. [PMID: 36314453 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221133347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas, which often shows multiple lines of differentiation, but is defined by neoplastic cells with acinar differentiation and characteristic squamoid nests. Pediatric patients are most commonly affected, and although a subset is known to occur in adults, the diagnosis is rarely considered in elderly adults. Methods. The clinicopathologic features of two cases of pancreatoblastoma in elderly patients were examined. Results. Two patients (age 80 and 81 years) presented with pancreatoblastoma, including one with early-stage pancreatic disease and one with liver metastasis. Biopsies and one pancreatic resection specimen showed characteristic histomorphologic features, including prominent acinar differentiation and abundant squamoid nests. Both cases had complete loss of SMAD4 (DPC4) immunolabeling. Next generation sequencing was performed on one case and revealed copy number loss of chromosome 11p and 9p21 (CDKN2A/B) and pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in APC, SMAD4, and PIK3CA. The APC and SMAD4 variants occurred at allele frequencies suggestive of germline mutations, raising the possibility that this patient may have an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome. Conclusions. We present two cases which extend the upper age limit for reported pancreatoblastoma, including one with genetic findings suggestive of an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kulak
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew E Hendifar
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nicholas N Nissen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Cox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Hutchings
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Jayaraman D, John A, Bose JC, Venkitaraman B, Shalini S, Murali A. Successful Outcome of Metastatic Pancreatoblastoma in an Adolescent: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:747-750. [PMID: 36714488 PMCID: PMC9878534 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma, an orphan disease, is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas in children. With vague clinical features, diagnosis is made by radiological suggestions and histopathology. The presence of metastatic disease and inoperable/incomplete excision remains the poor prognostic markers. We present a rare instance of an adolescent who has survived metastatic pancreatoblastoma after neoadjuvant chemoreduction/complete surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaarani Jayaraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arockia John
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadesh Chandra Bose
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Venkitaraman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Shalini
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunan Murali
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Liu T, Zhao T, Shi C, Chen L. Pancreatoblastoma in children: Clinical management and literature review. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101359. [PMID: 35180620 PMCID: PMC8857517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and pathological features of pancreatoblastoma (PB) and to obtain better management for patients with relapsed or metastatic disease. METHODS Four cases treated in our institution and 59 cases reported previously in the literature from the PubMed biomedical database (2000-2020) were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS Four cases with PB presented with abdominal pain and palpable abdominal masses, with the tumor size ranging from 5.2 to 18 cm in diameter. The invasion of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric artery, duodenum, and lymph nodes were risk factors for PB. Three cases were treated with combination therapy and showed favorable outcomes, while one case was treated with chemotherapy alone due to tumor progression and died of the disease. Squamous corpuscles were revealed in the tumor samples and considered a defining component for histological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary diagnosis plays an important role in clinical management. The risk factors should be considered in the therapeutic stratification of PB before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Cuicui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Tsvetkova V, Magro G, Broggi G, Luchini C, Cappello F, Caporalini C, Buccoliero AM, Santoro L. New insights in gastrointestinal "pediatric" neoplasms in adult patients: pancreatoblastoma, hepatoblastoma and embryonal sarcoma of the liver. A practical approach by GIPPI-GIPAD Groups. Pathologica 2022; 114:64-78. [PMID: 35212317 PMCID: PMC9040550 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric solid neoplasms are rare and very different from those observed in adults. The majority of them are referred to as embryonal because they arise as a result of alterations in the processes of organogenesis or normal growth and are characterized by proliferation of primitive cells, reproducing the corresponding tissue at various stages of embryonic development. This review will focus on embryonal gastrointestinal pediatric neoplasms in adult patients, including pancreatoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and embryonal sarcoma of the liver. Although they are classically considered pediatric neoplasms, they may (rarely) occur in adult patients. Hepatoblastoma represents the most frequent liver neoplasm in the pediatric population, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma and embryonal sarcoma of the liver; while pancreatoblastoma is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor in childhood. Both in children and adults, the mainstay of treatment is complete surgical resection, either up front or following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Unresectable and/or metastatic neoplasms may be amenable to complete delayed surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, these neoplasms display a more aggressive behavior and overall poorer prognosis in adults than in children, probably because they are diagnosed in later stages of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilena Tsvetkova
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, Verona University and Hospital Trust; Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, Verona University and Hospital Trust; Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Cappello
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Santoro
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padova, Italy
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5
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Thompson ED, Wood LD. Pancreatic Neoplasms With Acinar Differentiation: A Review of Pathologic and Molecular Features. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 144:808-815. [PMID: 31869246 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0472-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pancreatic acinar lesions encompass a broad spectrum of malignant tumors and benign reactive processes affecting both adults and children, with clinical, pathologic, and molecular features that are distinct from more common ductal neoplasms. Accurate morphologic diagnosis and molecular assessment of these uncommon neoplasms is critical for effective patient care. OBJECTIVE.— To review the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of pancreatic neoplasms with acinar differentiation, the most common of which is acinar cell carcinoma but which also includes mixed carcinomas with acinar components, cystic acinar lesions, and pancreatoblastoma. DATA SOURCES.— We assessed the current primary literature, as well as recently updated diagnostic manuals. CONCLUSIONS.— Pancreatic acinar neoplasms are a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by acinar differentiation of at least a subset of the neoplastic cells, defined either morphologically (granular cytoplasm, single prominent nucleoli) or immunohistochemically. Squamoid nests are a key morphologic feature of pancreatoblastoma. Alterations in WNT signaling and chromosomal 11p loss are common molecular features of both acinar cell carcinoma and pancreatoblastoma. Targetable molecular alterations in acinar carcinoma include BRAF rearrangements and DNA repair defects, including mismatch repair deficiency and BRCA pathway defects. For practicing pathologists, morphologic recognition of such acinar neoplasms is critical, and in the future, molecular diagnostics to identify lesions susceptible to targeted therapy will likely form an important component of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Thompson
- From the Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura D Wood
- From the Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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6
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Yang Z, Gong Y, Ji M, Yang B, Qiao Z. Differential diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma (PB) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) in children by CT and MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:2209-2217. [PMID: 32997172 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether features on computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate pancreatoblastoma (PB) from solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas in children. METHODS Clinical and imaging data for 20 cases of SPNs and 14 cases of PB confirmed by surgery or biopsy were retrospectively analysed. The size, border, calcification, haemorrhage, solid/cystic component proportion, intratumoural vessels, tumour capsulation, pancreatic duct dilatation, peripancreatic vessel invasion, distant metastasis status and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the two groups were examined, and key diagnostic features were identified. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Student's t test. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated when a single criterion was used. RESULTS Age ≤ 5 years, elevated serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), larger size, ill-defined border, calcification, absence of haemorrhage, intratumoural vessel, peripancreatic vessel invasion and distant metastasis differentiated PB from SPN (p < 0.05). ADC values of SPN were higher than those of PB (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding tumour capsule (p = 0.435), pancreatic duct dilatation (p = 1.000) or cystic degeneration area over 50% of the tumour volume (p = 1.000) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The following features are helpful for differentiating PB from SPN: age ≤ 5 years, elevated serum AFP, larger size, ill-defined border, calcification, haemorrhage absence, intratumoural vessel, peripancreatic vessel invasion, distant metastasis and lower ADC value. KEY POINTS • CT and MRI are helpful to differentiate pancreatoblastoma (PB) from solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas in children. • The following features are helpful to differentiate PB from SPN: age ≤ 5 years, elevated serum AFP, larger size, ill-defined border, calcification, absence of haemorrhage, intratumoural vessel, peripancreatic vessel invasion, distant metastasis and lower ADC value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongwei Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatoblastoma in children: a retrospective study in a single pediatric center. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:1231-1238. [PMID: 31338582 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatoblastoma is a very rare malignant pancreatic tumor in children. Pancreatoblastoma is the most common pancreatic tumor in children less than 10 years of age, accounting for 25% of the pancreatic neoplasm. There were only a few published literatures about the standardized diagnostic and management protocol for PB in the last decade. OBJECTIVE To summarize our experience in the management of pancreatoblastoma in children and adolescents with emphasis on the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. A management strategy will also be discussed. METHODS This was a retrospective case-series study of all pancreatoblastoma in patients < 18 years of age who were treated at Beijing children's hospital (BCH) from January 2002-January 2015. The diagnoses of PB were confirmed by histopathology analysis of the resected specimen. The variables being analyzed included patient demographics, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, tumor size, metastasis if present, tumor markers (AFP), type of surgery, length of follow-up, and outcome. The assessment of the tumor location, size, extent of the tumor, and distant metastasis was made by ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULT 21 patients with pancreatoblastoma were diagnosed at a median age of 4 years, 7 girls, and 14 boys. The diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma was identified by the histology examination. The most common syndrome was abdominal mass (n = 11), followed by abdominal pain (N = 10), elevated serum AFP levels were noted in almost all cases (17/18), 17 patients with disease initially unresectable on diagnosis accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of CDV, OPEC, PLADO, IEV, and AVCP. All patients underwent surgery, including pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure), the Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (traverse-Longmire procedure), Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, and distal pancreatectomy with en bloc splenectomy, Roux-en-Y end-to-end pancreatojejunostomy. In all, 13 children were disease free with a median follow-up of 53 months (range 11-156 months). CONCLUSIONS The pancreatoblastoma in children and adolescents is a malignant tumor. Complete resection combined with chemotherapy is associated with long-term survival. For the unresectable tumor at diagnosis, preoperative chemotherapy was recommended to reduce tumor volume. AFP is critical for diagnosis and monitoring the disease as a tumors marker.
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8
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Lee CT, Tung YC, Hwu WL, Shih JC, Lin WH, Wu MZ, Kuo KT, Yang YL, Chen HL, Chen M, Su YN, Jong YJ, Liu SY, Tsai WY, Lee NC. Mosaic paternal haploidy in a patient with pancreatoblastoma and Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1878-1883. [PMID: 31231953 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare type of pancreatic cancer in children. Here, we describe a case in which Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was first suspected because of placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Although the baby did not show the stigmata characteristic of BWS or abnormal peripheral blood methylation, she developed a massive pancreatoblastoma 2 months later. She survived after partial excision of the tumor and chemotherapy. The methylation pattern of the pancreatoblastoma tissue was typical of BWS. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analyzes revealed that the pancreatoblastoma tissue had genome-wide loss of maternal alleles. Peripheral blood and nontumor pancreatic tissue showed normal biparental genomic contribution. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with centromeric probes for chromosomes 2 and 11 revealed haploid pancreatoblastoma cells, whereas the placental mesenchymal dysplasia tissue and nontumor pancreas tissue showed diploidy. SNP genotype analysis suggested the presence of mosaicism with the pancreatoblastoma tissue having a different paternal haplotype than that of the peripheral blood and nontumor pancreatic tissue. We report for the first time mosaic paternal haploidy associated with pancreatoblastoma. Babies with placental mesenchymal dysplasia, even those without a definitive diagnosis of BWS, need to be closely followed for the occurrence of embryonic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsi Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Zon Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Su
- Department of Research and Development, Sofiva Genomics Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Gynecology and Maternity, Dianthus Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiin-Jeng Jong
- Genetics Generation Advancement Corp. (GGA Corp.), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Isobe T, Seki M, Yoshida K, Sekiguchi M, Shiozawa Y, Shiraishi Y, Kimura S, Yoshida M, Inoue Y, Yokoyama A, Kakiuchi N, Suzuki H, Kataoka K, Sato Y, Kawai T, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Shimamura T, Kato M, Iguchi A, Hama A, Taguchi T, Akiyama M, Fujimura J, Inoue A, Ito T, Deguchi T, Kiyotani C, Iehara T, Hosoi H, Oka A, Sanada M, Tanaka Y, Hata K, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Takita J. Integrated Molecular Characterization of the Lethal Pediatric Cancer Pancreatoblastoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:865-876. [PMID: 29233928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare pediatric pancreatic malignancy for which the molecular pathogenesis is not understood. In this study, we report the findings of an integrated multiomics study of whole-exome and RNA sequencing as well as genome-wide copy number and methylation analyses of ten pancreatoblastoma cases. The pancreatoblastoma genome was characterized by a high frequency of aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, either via somatic mutations of CTNNB1 (90%) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of APC (10%). In addition, imprinting dysregulation of IGF2 as a consequence of CN-LOH (80%), gain of paternal allele (10%), and gain of methylation (10%) was universally detected. At the transcriptome level, pancreatoblastoma exhibited an expression profile characteristic of early pancreas progenitor-like cells along with upregulation of the R-spondin/LGR5/RNF43 module. Our results offer a comprehensive description of the molecular basis for pancreatoblastoma and highlight rational therapeutic targets for its treatment.Significance: Molecular genetic analysis of a rare untreatable pediatric tumor reveals Wnt/IGF2 aberrations and features of early pancreas progenitor-like cells, suggesting cellular origins and rational strategies for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res; 78(4); 865-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sekiguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misa Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshikage Inoue
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Akiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takao Deguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiyotani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Abstract
Nonductal pancreatic neoplasms, including solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, acinar cell carcinomas, and pancreatoblastomas, are uncommon. These entities share overlapping gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features, such as well-demarcated solid neoplasms, monotonous cellular tumor cells with little intervening stroma, and abnormal beta-catenin expression. Each tumor also has unique clinicopathologic characteristics with diverse clinical behavior. To differentiate nonductal pancreatic neoplasms, identification of histologic findings, such as pseudopapillae, acinar cell features, and squamoid corpuscles, is important. Immunostainings for acinar cell or neuroendocrine markers are helpful for differential diagnosis. This article describes the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of nonductal pancreatic cancers.
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11
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12
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Abstract
Pancreatic neoplasms with acinar differentiation, including acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and carcinomas with mixed differentiation, are distinctive pancreatic neoplasms with a poor prognosis. These neoplasms are clinically, pathologically, and genetically unique when compared to other more common pancreatic neoplasms. Most occur in adults, although pancreatoblastomas usually affect children under 10 years old. All of these neoplasms exhibit characteristic histologic features including a solid or acinar growth pattern, dense neoplastic cellularity, uniform nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Exocrine enzymes are detectable by immunohistochemistry and, for carcinomas with mixed differentiation, neuroendocrine or ductal lineage markers are also expressed. The genetic alterations of this family of neoplasms largely differ from conventional ductal adenocarcinomas, with only rare mutations in TP53, KRAS, and p16, but no single gene or neoplastic pathway is consistently altered in acinar neoplasms. Instead, there is striking genomic instability, and a subset of cases has mutations in the APC/β-catenin pathway, mutations in SMAD4, RAF gene family fusions, or microsatellite instability. Therapeutically targetable mutations are often present. This review summarizes the clinical and pathologic features of acinar neoplasms and reviews the current molecular data on these uncommon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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13
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Imaging of pediatric pancreatic neoplasms with radiologic-histopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 202:1337-48. [PMID: 24848833 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging features of pediatric pancreatic tumors with pathologic correlation. Epithelial and nonepithelial lesions are described. Pancreatic imaging protocols, clinical presentation, and management are also detailed. CONCLUSION Pancreatic neoplasms are rare in children and vary widely between benign and malignant causes and between cystic and solid lesions. Epithelial tumors are most common and include solid pseudopapillary tumor, pancreatoblastoma, islet cell neoplasms, and cystic lesions.
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14
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Le pancréatoblastome chez l'enfant : du diagnostic à la prise en charge thérapeutique. Bull Cancer 2012; 99:793-9. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2012.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a very rare childhood tumor originating from the epithelial exocrine cells of the pancreas. It is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor in young children and has a mean age of diagnosis of 5 years. It is slow growing and its presentation is varied and often non-specific. Tumors tend to be quite large and appropriate cross sectional imaging is very important to assess for extent, metastatic disease, and resectability. Biopsy for tissue diagnosis is essential. Complete surgical resection is the goal of therapy although many patients are unresectable at initial diagnosis and require neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is also recommended and chemotherapeutic regimens involve cisplatin and doxorubicin. Even with curative resections, these lesions have a high recurrence rate and patients must be followed closely. Knowledge of this rare tumor is important for the clinician confronted with a large retroperitoneal mass in a young child.
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Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the pancreas mostly diagnosed in childhood. The clinical presentation and outcome of infantile and congenital pancreatoblastoma have not been clearly elucidated. This report describes our recent institutional experience with an unusual case of congenital pancreatoblastoma. Review of the scientific literature identifies approximately 200 cases of pancreatoblastoma. We describe the 9 infantile (aged 3 mo and younger) and 4 congenital cases previously reported and summarize their clinical presentation and outcome. We also define the close association of infantile/congenital pancreatoblastoma and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (50%) versus all affected age groups (4.5%).
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17
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Gentimi FE, Papandreou E, Tzovaras AA, Antoniou D. Pancreatic cystic lesion in an infant. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2011; 16:72-4. [PMID: 21731238 PMCID: PMC3119943 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.78137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cystic lesions are rare clinical entities. To the best of our knowledge, only 38 cases have been reported in the English literature in children under the age of 2 years. We present a 2-month-old infant with a cystic lesion in the head of pancreas. We reviewed the possible causes and present our dilemmas in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Gentimi
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Souzaki R, Tajiri T, Kinoshita Y, Tanaka S, Koga Y, Suminoe A, Hara T, Kohashi K, Oda Y, Taguchi T. Successful treatment of advanced pancreatoblastoma by a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy after radiation and high-dose chemotherapy. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:1045-8. [PMID: 20632017 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant pancreatic tumor in children and approximately 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The overall 5-year survival rate in PB is 43-50% and no standard treatment for PB has been established. This report presents the case of a 6-year-old female with advanced PB treated successfully by a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) after induction chemotherapy, radiation and stem cell transplantation (SCT). CASE REPORT A 6-year-old girl was hospitalized for abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 9-cm heterogeneous mass located at the pancreatic head and body, and the duodenum was completely compressed. The inferior vena cava, superior mesenteric artery, and vein were encased by the tumor. The tumor had well-defined margins and calcification. She showed severe anemia and her hemoglobin level was 4.0 g/dl, and the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated (884.8 ng/ml). Initially, a resection of the tumor was impossible. An open biopsy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was PB. She underwent five cycles of the induction chemotherapy regimen for advanced neuroblastoma (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, pirarubicin and cisplatin), and the tumor size was decreased to a diameter of 7.5 cm. Furthermore, chemotherapy with irinotecan and vincristine, radiotherapy (40 Gy) and SCT (etoposide, carboplatin, melphalan) was administered. The serum AFP level decreased to 41.1 ng/ml, and the tumor size was decreased to a diameter of 6.5 cm. Then she underwent a PPPD and the tumor was completely resected. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and the AFP returned to the normal values (6.2 ng/ml) after surgery. The child was administered mild postoperative chemotherapy using irinotecan and has been disease-free for 4 months and, and her serum AFP levels remain within normal values. CONCLUSION This is the first case of PB that was treated with SCT effectively before surgery. The combined therapy including the intensive chemotherapy with SCT and the radiation followed by surgical treatment is thought to be effective for the treatment of advanced PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Souzaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Imaging findings of pancreatoblastoma in 4 children including a case of ectopic pancreatoblastoma. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40:1609-14. [PMID: 20686762 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-010-1776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatoblastoma is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm of children. The tumour may arise from any portion of the pancreas, but no tumour originating from ectopic pancreatic tissue has been reported in the English medical literature. OBJECTIVE We report the radiological findings of pancreatoblastoma in four children, including one tumour originating from the mesentery, to our knowledge, reported for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four children with pancreatoblastoma were identified at our hospital between 2000 and 2007. US and CT were performed in all children, with MR performed in two. Various CT and MRI features were evaluated including size, organ of origin, definition and quality of tumour margins, heterogeneity and attenuation of the mass, calcification, presence of ascites, adenopathy, metastases, and signal intensity on MR images. Complete excision was performed in all children. The diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma was confirmed with histopathological results. RESULTS Our cases displayed some typical and atypical features of pancreatoblastoma. The findings of our series suggest that the majority of these tumours are large, heterogeneous and of low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-W images and high signal intensity on T2-W images. Calcifications were common on CT. All of the tumours had heterogeneous enhancement on CT and MR images. CONCLUSION Pancreatoblastoma is a rare primary tumour of the pancreas. When a large mass is identified in the pancreas in children that is heterogeneous in nature with internal calcifications, the diagnosis should be considered.
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20
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Simultaneous occurrence of pancreatoblastoma and neuroblastoma in a newborn with beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010; 32:e207-9. [PMID: 20495482 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181dccd1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with an increased risk of tumors in the pediatric age. We report the case of a newborn with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome presenting the simultaneous occurrence of a cystic pancreatoblastoma and an adrenal neuroblastoma. Surgery was required to treat the pancreatoblastoma, and a "wait and see" policy was adopted for the neuroblastoma, which spontaneously regressed within a few months.
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21
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Hruban RH, Adsay NV. Molecular classification of neoplasms of the pancreas. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:612-23. [PMID: 19362631 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent sequencing of the pancreatic cancer genome provides unprecedented insight into the fundamental nature of this deadly malignancy. Although much work still needs to be done, a molecular classification of neoplasms of the pancreas is emerging. Molecular genetics have been used to identify unique clinical subtypes of pancreatic cancer, to guide the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, and to identify targeted therapies for select pancreatic neoplasms. This review examines the emerging molecular classification of neoplasms of the pancreas. This classification does not ignore previous histology-based classification systems but instead embraces them, creating an integrated histological-molecular classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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22
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Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and elevated alpha fetoprotein level in an infant with isolated hemihyperplasia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30:775-7. [PMID: 19011479 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181812c7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a 43-day-old baby girl with isolated hemihyperplasia and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein is presented. The child referred to our hospital with bilateral renal masses detected by prenatal and postnatal ultrasonography. A mass lesion was detected in segment 6 of liver and was diagnosed as focal nodular hyperplasia. We present this case to emphasize the presence of focal nodular hyperplasia in a patient with isolated hemihypertrophy and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level.
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Abstract
Molecular analyses of neoplasms of the pancreas, coupled with careful histopathologic examination has helped refine the classification of pancreatic neoplasia. A number of molecularly and histologically distinct subtypes of pancreatic neoplasms have been identified and, importantly, many of these subtypes have important clinical implications. For example, most of the solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1), and, as a result, most solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms have an abnormal nuclear pattern of labeling with antibodies to the beta-catenin protein. Clinically, patients with a solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm have a much better prognosis than do patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Therefore, the immunolabeling of a pancreatic biopsy for the beta-catenin protein can help identify patients with low-risk neoplasms. It is clear that the time is now ripe for a new modern classification of neoplasms of the pancreas; a classification that does not abandon gross and microscopic pathology, but which instead integrates molecular findings with gross, microscopic, and clinical findings.
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