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Scuglia M, Frazão LP, Miranda A, Martins A, Barbosa-Sequeira J, Coimbra D, Longatto-Filho A, Reis RL, Nogueira-Silva C, Neves NM, Correia-Pinto J. Diaphragmatic hernia repair porcine model to compare the performance of biodegradable membranes against Gore-Tex ®. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:7. [PMID: 37999778 PMCID: PMC10673990 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using Gore-Tex® is associated with infection, adhesions, hernia recurrence, long-term musculoskeletal sequels and poor tissue regeneration. To overcome these limitations, the performance of two novel biodegradable membranes was tested to repair CDH in a growing pig model. METHODS Twelve male pigs were randomly assigned to 3 different groups of 4 animals each, determined by the type of patch used during thoracoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair (Gore-Tex®, polycaprolactone electrospun membrane-PCLem, and decellularized human chorion membrane-dHCM). After 7 weeks, all animals were euthanized, followed by necropsy for diaphragmatic evaluation and histological analysis. RESULTS Thoracoscopic defect creation and diaphragmatic repair were performed without any technical difficulty in all groups. However, hernia recurrence rate was 0% in Gore-Tex®, 50% in PCLem and 100% in dHCM groups. At euthanasia, Gore-Tex® patches appeared virtually unchanged and covered with a fibrotic capsule, while PCLem and dHCM patches were replaced by either floppy connective tissue or vascularized and floppy regenerated membranous tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION Gore-Tex® was associated with a higher survival rate and lower recurrence. Nevertheless, the proposed biodegradable membranes were associated with better tissue integration when compared with Gore-Tex®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Scuglia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Laura P Frazão
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alice Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa-Sequeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pathology (LIM-14), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui L Reis
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Babaei K, Aziminezhad M, Norollahi SE, Vahidi S, Samadani AA. Cell therapy for the treatment of reproductive diseases and infertility: an overview from the mechanism to the clinic alongside diagnostic methods. Front Med 2022; 16:827-858. [PMID: 36562947 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is experienced by 8%-12% of adults in their reproductive period globally and has become a prevalent concern. Besides routine therapeutic methods, stem cells are rapidly being examined as viable alternative therapies in regenerative medicine and translational investigation. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the biology and purpose of stem cells. The affected pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are further studied for their possible use in reproductive medicine, particularly for infertility induced by premature ovarian insufficiency and azoospermia. Accordingly, this study discusses current developments in the use of some kinds of MSCs such as adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells, umbilical cord MSCs, and menstrual blood MSCs. These methods have been used to manage ovarian and uterine disorders, and each technique presents a novel method for the therapy of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Babaei
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aziminezhad
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Interactions Gène-Environment En Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a challenging surgical disease that requires complex preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care. Survival depends on successful reduction and repair of the defect, and numerous complex decisions must be made regarding timing and preparation for surgery. This review describes the challenges and controversies inherent to surgical CDH care and provides recommendations for management based on the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB: 5.233, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tim Jancelewicz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 49 North Dunlap Street Second Floor, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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4
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Boehm AK, Hillebrandt KH, Dziodzio T, Krenzien F, Neudecker J, Spuler S, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Andreas MN. Tissue engineering for the diaphragm and its various therapeutic possibilities – A Systematic Review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes K Boehm
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Tomasz Dziodzio
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit Experimental and Clinical Research Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max‐Delbrück‐Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft Lindenberger Weg 80 Berlin 13125 Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy Berlin EXC 2025 Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy Berlin EXC 2025 Germany
| | - Marco N Andreas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
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Elkhenany H, El-Derby A, Abd Elkodous M, Salah RA, Lotfy A, El-Badri N. Applications of the amniotic membrane in tissue engineering and regeneration: the hundred-year challenge. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:8. [PMID: 35012669 PMCID: PMC8744057 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (Amnio-M) has various applications in regenerative medicine. It acts as a highly biocompatible natural scaffold and as a source of several types of stem cells and potent growth factors. It also serves as an effective nano-reservoir for drug delivery, thanks to its high entrapment properties. Over the past century, the use of the Amnio-M in the clinic has evolved from a simple sheet for topical applications for skin and corneal repair into more advanced forms, such as micronized dehydrated membrane, amniotic cytokine extract, and solubilized powder injections to regenerate muscles, cartilage, and tendons. This review highlights the development of the Amnio-M over the years and the implication of new and emerging nanotechnology to support expanding its use for tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12582, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Azza El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12582, Giza, Egypt.
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Abstract
The field of fetal medicine has evolved significantly over the past several decades. Our ability to identify and treat the unborn patient has been shaped by advancements in imaging technology, genetic diagnosis, an improved understanding of fetal physiology, and the development and optimization of in utero surgical techniques. The future of the field will be shaped by medical innovators pushing for the continued refinement of minimally invasive surgical technique, the application of pioneering technologies such as robotic surgery and in utero stem cell and gene therapies, and the development of innovative ex utero fetal support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 700, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Cara Buskmiller
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 700, Houston, TX 77030, USA. https://twitter.com/CaraBuskmiller
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 700, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Koh B, Sulaiman N, Ismadi SNSW, Ramli R, Yunus SSM, Idrus RBH, Ariffin SHZ, Wahab RMA, Yazid MD. Mesenchymal stem cells: A comprehensive methods for odontoblastic induction. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:18. [PMID: 34521356 PMCID: PMC8442352 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery, regenerative endodontics aims to present alternative options to conventional treatment strategies. With continuous advances in regenerative medicine, the source of cells used for pulp tissue regeneration is not only limited to mesenchymal stem cells as the non-mesenchymal stem cells have shown capabilities too. In this review, we are systematically assessing the recent findings on odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold and non-scaffold approaches. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, and Scopus, and relevant studies published between 2015 and 2020 were selected following the PRISMA guideline. The main inclusion criteria were that articles must be revolving on method for osteoblast differentiation in vitro study. Therefore, in vivo and human or animal clinical studies were excluded. The search outcomes identified all articles containing the word "odontoblast", "differentiation", and "mesenchymal stem cell". RESULTS The literature search identified 99 related studies, but only 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. These include 5 odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold, 6 inductions without scaffolds. The data collected were characterised into two main categories: type of cells undergo odontoblastic differentiation, and odontoblastic differentiation techniques using scaffolds or non-scaffold. CONCLUSION Based on the data analysis, the scaffold-based odontoblastic induction method seems to be a better option compared to the non-scaffold method. In addition of that, the combination of growth factors in scaffold-based methods could possibly enhance the differentiation. Thus, further detailed studies are still required to understand the mechanism and the way to enhance odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Nursyazwani Shahirah Wan Ismadi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roszalina Ramli
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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8
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Saha S, Roy P, Corbitt C, Kakar SS. Application of Stem Cell Therapy for Infertility. Cells 2021; 10:1613. [PMID: 34203240 PMCID: PMC8303590 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility creates an immense impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of affected couples, leading to poor quality of life. Infertility is now considered to be a global health issue affecting approximately 15% of couples worldwide. It may arise from factors related to the male (30%), including varicocele, undescended testes, testicular cancer, and azoospermia; the female (30%), including premature ovarian failure and uterine disorders; or both partners (30%). With the recent advancement in assisted reproduction technology (ART), many affected couples (80%) could find a solution. However, a substantial number of couples cannot conceive even after ART. Stem cells are now increasingly being investigated as promising alternative therapeutics in translational research of regenerative medicine. Tremendous headway has been made to understand the biology and function of stem cells. Considering the minimum ethical concern and easily available abundant resources, extensive research is being conducted on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for their potential application in reproductive medicine, especially in cases of infertility resulting from azoospermia and premature ovarian insufficiency. However, most of these investigations have been carried out in animal models. Evolutionary divergence observed in pluripotency among animals and humans requires caution when extrapolating the data obtained from murine models to safely apply them to clinical applications in humans. Hence, more clinical trials based on larger populations need to be carried out to investigate the relevance of stem cell therapy, including its safety and efficacy, in translational infertility medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India;
| | - Cynthia Corbitt
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Sham S. Kakar
- Department of Physiology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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De Coppi P, Grikscheit TC. Regeneration and tissue engineering: How pediatric surgeons contributed to building a new field to change the future of medicine. Semin Pediatr Surg 2021; 30:151018. [PMID: 33648705 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors highlight the speciality field of regenerative medicine and its application to health care. Academic pediatric surgeons have been the early pioneers here sharing exciting discovery and the opportunities for research enterprise. An overview of current and future therapeutics is provided for the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Coppi
- Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
| | - T C Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Singh S, Varshney A, Borkar N, Jindal A, Padhi P, Ahmed I, Srivastava N. Clinical Utility of Stem Cells in Congenital Anomalies: New Horizons in Pediatric Surgery. Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Esfandyari S, Chugh RM, Park HS, Hobeika E, Ulin M, Al-Hendy A. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Bio Organ for Treatment of Female Infertility. Cells 2020; 9:E2253. [PMID: 33050021 PMCID: PMC7599919 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is a global medical condition that can be caused by various disorders of the reproductive system, including premature ovarian failure (POF), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, Asherman syndrome, and preeclampsia. It affects the quality of life of both patients and couples. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received increasing attention as a potential cell-based therapy, with several advantages over other cell sources, including greater abundance, fewer ethical considerations, and high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. Clinical researchers have examined the therapeutic use of MSCs in female infertility. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the use of MSCs in various reproductive disorders that lead to infertility. We also describe the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosomal miRNAs in controlling MSC gene expression and driving MSC therapeutic outcomes. The clinical application of MSCs holds great promise for the treatment of infertility or ovarian insufficiency, and to improve reproductive health for a significant number of women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (R.M.C.); (H.-s.P.); (M.U.)
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (R.M.C.); (H.-s.P.); (M.U.)
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (R.M.C.); (H.-s.P.); (M.U.)
| | - Elie Hobeika
- Fertility Centers of Illinois, Glenview, IL 60026, USA;
| | - Mara Ulin
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (R.M.C.); (H.-s.P.); (M.U.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (R.M.C.); (H.-s.P.); (M.U.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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13
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Kunisaki SM. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells for the Treatment of Surgical Disorders in the Fetus and Neonate. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:767-773. [PMID: 30085416 PMCID: PMC6216434 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells have emerged as a novel experimental approach aimed at improving outcomes in children with congenital anomalies, including spina bifida, heart defects, and diaphragmatic hernia. Interest in these cells for the treatment of prenatally diagnosed diseases has arisen based on numerous studies demonstrating the relative ease of harvesting an abundant quantity of amniocytes from a small aliquot of fluid, the unique properties of amniocytes themselves, and the beneficial effects of amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells in experimental animal models. This report gives a brief overview of the rationale and current status of amniotic fluid stem cell‐based therapies, focusing on its relevance to birth defects affecting the fetus and neonate. The author proposes a roadmap for further study that would be required prior to clinical application of amniotic fluid stem cell technologies. stem cells translational medicine2018;7:767–773
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Kunisaki
- Department of Surgery, Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's and Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Regeneration of diaphragm with bio-3D cellular patch. Biomaterials 2018; 167:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Loukogeorgakis SP, De Coppi P. Concise Review: Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells: The Known, the Unknown, and Potential Regenerative Medicine Applications. Stem Cells 2018; 35:1663-1673. [PMID: 28009066 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amniotic fluid has been identified as an untapped source of cells with broad potential, which possess immunomodulatory properties and do not have the ethical and legal limitations of embryonic stem cells. CD117(c-Kit)+ cells selected from amniotic fluid have been shown to differentiate into cell lineages representing all three embryonic germ layers without generating tumors, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Moreover, their ability to engraft in injured organs and modulate immune and repair responses of host tissues, suggest that transplantation of such cells may be useful for the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Although significant questions remain regarding the origin, heterogeneous phenotype, and expansion potential of amniotic fluid stem cells, evidence to date supports their potential role as a valuable stem cell source for the field of regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:1663-1673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Loukogeorgakis
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Suzuki K, Komura M, Terawaki K, Kodaka T, Gohara T, Komura H, Nakayama Y. Engineering and repair of diaphragm using biosheet (a collagenous connective tissue membrane) in rabbits. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:330-334. [PMID: 29241962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic patches can be used to repair large congenital diaphragmatic hernia defects but may be associated with infection, recurrence, and thoracic deformity. Biosheets (collagenous connective tissue membranes) have been used in regenerative medicine. We evaluated the efficacy of Biosheets in a rabbit model. METHODS Biosheets were prepared by embedding silicone plates in dorsal subcutaneous pouches of rabbits for 4weeks. In group 1 (n=11), Gore-Tex® sheets (1.8×1.8cm) were implanted into a diaphragmatic defect. In group 2 (n=11), Seamdura®, a bioabsorbable artificial dural substitute, was implanted in the same manner. In group 3 (n=14), biosheets were autologously transplanted into the diaphragmatic defects. All rabbits were euthanized 3months after transplantation to evaluate their graft status. RESULTS Herniation of liver was observed in 5 rabbits (45%) in group 1, 8 (73%) in group 2, and 3 (21%) in group 3. A significant difference was noted between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.017). Biosheets had equivalent burst strength and modulus of elasticity as native diaphragm. Muscular tissue regeneration in transplanted biosheets in group 3 was confirmed histologically. CONCLUSION Biosheets may be applied to diaphragmatic repair and replacement of diaphragmatic muscular tissue. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kan Terawaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kodaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Gohara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Komura
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Nakayama
- Division of Medical Engineering and Materials, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Kabagambe SK, Lankford L, Kumar P, Chen YJ, Herout KT, Lee CJ, Stark RA, Farmer DL, Wang A. Isolation of myogenic progenitor cell population from human placenta: A pilot study. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:2078-2082. [PMID: 28964407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a method of isolating myogenic progenitor cells from human placenta chorionic villi and to confirm the myogenic characteristics of the isolated cells. METHODS Cells were isolated from chorionic villi of a second trimester male placenta via a combined enzymatic digestion and explant culture. A morphologically distinct subpopulation of elongated and multinucleated cells was identified. This subpopulation was manually passaged from the explant culture, expanded, and analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. Myogenic characteristics including alignment and fusion were tested by growing these cells on aligned polylactic acid microfibrous scaffold in a fusion media composed of 2% horse serum in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/high glucose. RESULTS The expanded subpopulation was uniformly positive for integrin α-7. Presence of Y-chromosome by FISH analysis confirmed chorionic villus origin rather than maternal cell contamination. Isolated cells grew, aligned, and fused on the microfibrous scaffold, and they expressed myogenin, desmin, and MHC confirming their myogenic identity. CONCLUSION Myogenic progenitor cells can be isolated from human chorionic villi. This opens the possibility for translational and clinical applications using autologous myogenic cells for possible engraftment in treatment of chest and abdominal wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Lankford
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Julia Chen
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyle T Herout
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chelsey J Lee
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana L Farmer
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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18
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Kehl D, Generali M, Görtz S, Geering D, Slamecka J, Hoerstrup SP, Bleul U, Weber B. Amniotic Fluid Cells Show Higher Pluripotency-Related Gene Expression Than Allantoic Fluid Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1424-1437. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Kehl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Görtz
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Geering
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing Practice, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Tissue Engineering to Repair Diaphragmatic Defect in a Rat Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1764523. [PMID: 28928772 PMCID: PMC5592000 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1764523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging strategy for repairing damaged tissues or organs. The current study explored using decellularized rat diaphragm scaffolds combined with human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC) to provide a scaffold, stem cell construct that would allow structural barrier function during tissue ingrowth/regeneration. We created an innovative cell infusion system that allowed hAFMSC to embed into scaffolds and then implanted the composite tissues into rats with surgically created left-sided diaphragmatic defects. Control rats received decellularized diaphragm scaffolds alone. We found that the composite tissues that combined hAFMSCs demonstrated improved physiological function as well as the muscular-tendon structure, compared with the native contralateral hemidiaphragm of the same rat. Our results indicate that the decellularized diaphragm scaffolds are a potential support material for diaphragmatic hernia repair and the composite grafts with hAFMSC are able to accelerate the functional recovery of diaphragmatic hernia.
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20
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Kovac M, Vasicek J, Kulikova B, Bauer M, Curlej J, Balazi A, Chrenek P. Different RNA and protein expression of surface markers in rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1601-1613. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kovac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Vasicek
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kulikova
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Constantine the Philosopher University; Nitra Slovak republic
| | - Jozef Curlej
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Balazi
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
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21
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Shieh HF, Graham CD, Brazzo JA, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Comparisons of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell viability in FDA-approved collagen-based scaffolds: Implications for engineered diaphragmatic replacement. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1010-1013. [PMID: 28366561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We sought to examine amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell (afMSC) viability within two FDA-approved collagen-based scaffolds, as a prerequisite to clinical translation of afMSC-based engineered diaphragmatic repair. METHODS Human afMSCs were seeded in a human-derived collagen hydrogel and in a bovine-derived collagen sheet at 3 matching densities. Cell viability was analyzed at 1, 3, and 5days using an ATP-based 3D bioluminescence assay. Statistical comparisons were by ANOVA (P<0.05). RESULTS There was a highly significant 3-way interaction between scaffold type, seeding density, and time in 3D culture as determinants of cell viability, clearly favoring the human hydrogel (P<0.001). In both scaffolds, cell viability was highest at the highest seeding density of 150,000 cells/mL. Time in 3D culture impacted cell viability at the optimal seeding density in the human hydrogel, with the highest levels on days 1 (P<0.001) and 5 (P=0.05) with no significant effect in the bovine sheet (P=0.39-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Among clinically-approved cell delivery vehicles, mesenchymal stem cell viability is significantly enhanced in a collagen hydrogel when compared with a collagen sheet. Cell viability can be further optimized by seeding density and time in 3D culture. These data further support the regulatory viability of clinical trials of engineered diaphragmatic repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A (animal and laboratory study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher D Graham
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph A Brazzo
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dario O Fauza
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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22
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Dziadosz M, Basch RS, Young BK. Human amniotic fluid: a source of stem cells for possible therapeutic use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:321-7. [PMID: 26767797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capacity for differentiation. Amniotic fluid cells have emerged only recently as a possible source of stem cells for clinical purposes. There are no ethical or sampling constraints for the use of amniocentesis as a standard clinical procedure for obtaining an abundant supply of amniotic fluid cells. Amniotic fluid cells of human origin proliferate rapidly and are multipotent with the potential for expansion in vitro to multiple cell lines. Tissue engineering technologies that use amniotic fluid cells are being explored. Amniotic fluid cells may be of clinical benefit for fetal therapies, degenerative disease, and regenerative medicine applications. We present a comprehensive review of the evolution of human amniotic fluid cells as a possible modality for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Dziadosz
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ross S Basch
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bruce K Young
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
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23
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Stem cells from amniotic fluid--Potential for regenerative medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 31:45-57. [PMID: 26542929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has recently been established as an emerging field focussing on repair, replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues and whole organs. The significant recent advances in the field have intensified the search for novel sources of stem cells with potential for therapy. Recently, researchers have identified the amniotic fluid as an untapped source of stem cells that are multipotent, possess immunomodulatory properties and do not have the ethical and legal limitations of embryonic stem cells. Stem cells from the amniotic fluid have been shown to differentiate into cell lineages representing all three embryonic germ layers without generating tumours, which make them an ideal candidate for tissue engineering applications. In addition, their ability to engraft in injured organs and modulate immune and repair responses of host tissues suggest that transplantation of such cells may be useful for the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases affecting major tissues/organs. This review summarises the evidence on amniotic fluid cells over the past 15 years and explores the potential therapeutic applications of amniotic fluid stem cells and amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells.
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24
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Girlovanu M, Susman S, Soritau O, Rus-Ciuca D, Melincovici C, Constantin AM, Mihu CM. Stem cells - biological update and cell therapy progress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:265-71. [PMID: 26609255 PMCID: PMC4632881 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the advances in stem cell research have suggested that the human body may have a higher plasticity than it was originally expected. Until now, four categories of stem cells were isolated and cultured in vivo: embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Although multiple studies were published, several issues concerning the stem cells are still debated, such as: the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, the methods to prevent teratoma formation or the ethical and religious issues regarding especially the embryonic stem cell research. The direct differentiation of stem cells into specialized cells: cardiac myocytes, neural cells, pancreatic islets cells, may represent an option in treating incurable diseases such as: neurodegenerative diseases, type I diabetes, hematologic or cardiac diseases. Nevertheless, stem cell-based therapies, based on stem cell transplantation, remain mainly at the experimental stages and their major limitation is the development of teratoma and cancer after transplantation. The induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a prime candidate for future cell therapy research because of their significant self-renewal and differentiation potential and the lack of ethical issues. This article presents an overview of the biological advances in the study of stem cells and the current progress made in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Girlovanu
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Susman
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Research Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Rus-Ciuca
- Department of Pathology, Karlstad Central Hospital, Sweden
| | - Carmen Melincovici
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Iacono E, Rossi B, Merlo B. Stem cells from foetal adnexa and fluid in domestic animals: an update on their features and clinical application. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:353-64. [PMID: 25703812 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell research has emerged as an area of major interest for its potential in regenerative medicine applications. This is in constant need of new cell sources to conceive regenerative medicine approaches for diseases that are still without therapy. Scientists drew the attention towards alternative sources such as foetal adnexa and fluid, as these sources possess many advantages: first of all, cells can be extracted from discarded foetal material and it is non-invasive and inexpensive for the patient; secondly, abundant stem cells can be obtained; and finally, these stem cell sources are free from ethical considerations. Cells derived from foetal adnexa and fluid preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Many studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo towards mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types; in addition, the immune-modulatory properties make these cells a good candidate for allo- and xenotransplantation. Naturally occurring diseases in domestic animals can be more ideal as disease model of human genetic and acquired diseases and could help to define the potential therapeutic use efficiency and safety of stem cells therapies. This review offers an update on the state of the art of characterization of domestic animals' MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid and on the latest findings in pre-clinical or clinical setting of the stem cell populations isolated from these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bo), Italy
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26
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Pennington EC, Dionigi B, Gray FL, Ahmed A, Brazzo J, Dolinko A, Calderon N, Darrah T, Zurakowski D, Nazarian A, Snyder B, Fauza DO. Limb reconstruction with decellularized, non-demineralized bone in a young leporine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:015021. [PMID: 25668190 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Limb salvage from a variety of pathological processes in children is often limited by the unavailability of optimal allograft bone, or an appropriate structural bone substitute. In this study, we sought to examine a practical alternative for pediatric limb repair, based on decellularized, non-demineralized bone grafts, and to determine whether controlled recellularization prior to implantation has any impact on outcome. Growing New Zealand rabbits (n = 12) with a complete, critical-size defect on the left tibiofibula were equally divided into two groups. One group received a decellularized, non-demineralized leporine tibiofibula graft. The other group received an equivalent graft seeded with mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), at a fixed density. Animals were euthanized at comparable time points 3-8 weeks post-implantation. Statistical analysis was by the Student t-test and Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of non-union between the two groups, including on 3D micro-CT. Incorporated grafts achieved adequate axial bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, union yield and flexural strength, with no significant differences or unequal variances between the groups. Correspondingly, there were no significant differences in extracellular calcium levels, or alkaline phosphatase activity. Histology confirmed the presence of neobone in both groups, with GFP-positive cells in the recellularized grafts. It was shown that osseous grafts derived from decellularized, non-demineralized bone undergo adequate remodeling in vivo after the repair of critical-size limb defects in a growing leporine model, irrespective of subsequent recellularization. This methodology may become a practical alternative for pediatric limb reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C Pennington
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Farmer DL. Standing on the shoulders of giants: a scientific journey from Singapore to stem cells. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:15-22. [PMID: 25598087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy was introduced in the early 1980s as adoptive immunotherapy for cancer and has now expanded to stem cell treatment for a wide variety of indications. During the same period, the concept of the fetus as a patient evolved from fantasy to everyday reality. The intersection of these two fields offers great potential for cures in childhood diseases. The fetal treatment of spina bifida is one such disease. Global surgery has also emerged as a cost effective approach to reducing the worldwide burden of childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lee Farmer
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis Children's Hospital, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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28
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Zani A, Zani-Ruttenstock E, Pierro A. Advances in the surgical approach to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19:364-9. [PMID: 25447986 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect that affects about one in 2500 live births. Although the overall survival has improved over the last several decades thanks to advancements in postnatal resuscitation and intensive care treatment, morbidity and mortality remain high. The surgical management of these infants is far from being standardized, and many aspects are still disputed among experts. The timing of surgical repair remains controversial and the indications for the ideal time for surgery have not been validated. The main novelty in the surgical treatment is related to the use of minimally invasive techniques, although these have been associated with intraoperative blood gas disturbances and higher recurrence rates. Herein, we report and comment on the main controversies of postnatal CDH repair in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Zani
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elke Zani-Ruttenstock
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Weiss DJ, Elliott M, Jang Q, Poole B, Birchall M. Tracheal bioengineering: the next steps. Proceeds of an International Society of Cell Therapy Pulmonary Cellular Therapy Signature Series Workshop, Paris, France, April 22, 2014. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1601-13. [PMID: 25457172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been significant and exciting recent progress in the development of bioengineering approaches for generating tracheal tissue that can be used for congenital and acquired tracheal diseases. This includes a growing clinical experience in both pediatric and adult patients with life-threatening tracheal diseases. However, not all of these attempts have been successful, and there is ongoing discussion and debate about the optimal approaches to be used. These include considerations of optimal materials, particularly use of synthetic versus biologic scaffolds, appropriate cellularization of the scaffolds, optimal surgical approaches and optimal measure of both clinical and biologic outcomes. To address these issues, the International Society of Cell Therapy convened a first-ever meeting of the leading clinicians and tracheal biologists, along with experts in regulatory and ethical affairs, to discuss and debate the issues. A series of recommendations are presented for how to best move the field ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Martin Elliott
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Queenie Jang
- International Society for Cell Therapy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Poole
- International Society for Cell Therapy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Birchall
- Royal National Throat Nose, and Ear Hospital and University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gucciardo L, Ozog Y, Rusconi S, Lories R, Damink LO, Deprest J. Full thickness abdominal wall defect in growing rats as a model for congenital diaphragmatic hernia prosthetic repair. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:1458-65. [PMID: 25280646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large congenital diaphragmatic hernia may require prosthetic correction. Acellular collagen matrices were introduced to avoid complications owing to the use of synthetic patches. We tested 3 different ACM for reconstruction of an abdominal wall defect in an animal model that mimics the fast growth during infancy. METHODS Pelvisoft® (CR Bard, Covington, GA) and 2 investigational ACM were used for primary reconstruction of a full thickness abdominal wall defect. 3months-old rats (n=26) were allowed to survive for 90days after implantation. Anatomical, tensiometric and histological analyses were performed. Based on good outcomes, we did the same with 1month-old rats (n=54). Unoperated rats were used for obtaining reference tensiometric values of selected native tissues. RESULTS Major wound complications were exclusively observed in 1month-old rats. All explants in both groups thinned significantly (p<0.03) and had an elastic modulus increasing over time, far above that from native tissues at 90days of life. Both investigational ACM induced a more vigorous foreign body reaction than Pelvisoft(®). CONCLUSIONS The shift from 3 to 1month-old rats was associated with wound complications. Pelvisoft® showed a better biocompatibility than the 2 investigational ACM. Passive biomechanical properties of all explants were still not comparable to that of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonardo Gucciardo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Engineering Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yves Ozog
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Rusconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Engineering Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Engineering Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.
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Chen B, Dave B. Challenges and Future Prospects for Tissue Engineering in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Curr Urol Rep 2014; 15:425. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-014-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Engineered diaphragmatic repair is emblematic of perinatal regenerative medicine and of the fetal tissue engineering concept. The alternative of a cellularized graft for the repair of a congenital diaphragmatic defect in the neonatal period is both biologically justifiable by the mechanisms behind diaphragmatic hernia recurrence as well as an ideal match for fetal mesenchymal stem cell-based constructs. It has been among the most developed experimental pursuits in neonatal tissue engineering, of which clinical application should be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario O Fauza
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children׳s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Significant advances in the field of regenerative medicine have intensified the search for novel sources of stem cells with potential for therapy. Although embryonic and adult tissues can be used for the isolation of pluripotent stem cells, significant limitations including ethical concerns, complexity of isolation/culture and tumorigenicity have hindered translation of laboratory findings to clinical practice.
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Brouwer KM, Daamen WF, Hoogenkamp HR, Geutjes PJ, de Blaauw I, Janssen-Kessels W, de Boode W, Versteeg E, Wijnen RM, Feitz WF, Wijnen M, van Kuppevelt TH. Collagen-Vicryl scaffolds for reconstruction of the diaphragm in a large animal model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:756-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien M. Brouwer
- Department of Biochemistry 280; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F. Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry 280; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Henk R. Hoogenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry 280; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Geutjes
- Department of Urology 267; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ivo de Blaauw
- Department of Surgery 801; Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Janssen-Kessels
- Central Animal Facility 231; Radboud university medical centre; Geert Grooteplein Noord 29, 6525 EZ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Willem de Boode
- Department of Neonatology 804; Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Elly Versteeg
- Department of Biochemistry 280; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - René M. Wijnen
- Department of Surgery 801; Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wout F. Feitz
- Department of Urology 267; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marc Wijnen
- Department of Surgery 801; Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry 280; NCMLS, Radboud university medical centre; P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Avanzi S, Leoni V, Rotola A, Alviano F, Solimando L, Lanzoni G, Bonsi L, Di Luca D, Marchionni C, Alvisi G, Ripalti A. Susceptibility of human placenta derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells to human herpesviruses infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71412. [PMID: 23940750 PMCID: PMC3734067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal membranes (FM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are higher in number, expansion and differentiation abilities compared with those obtained from adult tissues, including bone marrow. Upon systemic administration, ex vivo expanded FM-MSCs preferentially home to damaged tissues promoting regenerative processes through their unique biological properties. These characteristics together with their immune-privileged nature and immune suppressive activity, a low infection rate and young age of placenta compared to other sources of SCs make FM-MSCs an attractive target for cell-based therapy and a valuable tool in regenerative medicine, currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In the present study we investigated the permissivity of FM-MSCs to all members of the human Herpesviridae family, an issue which is relevant to their purification, propagation, conservation and therapeutic use, as well as to their potential role in the vertical transmission of viral agents to the fetus and to their potential viral vector-mediated genetic modification. We present here evidence that FM-MSCs are fully permissive to infection with Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), but not with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpesvirus-6, 7 and 8 (HHV-6, 7, 8) although these viruses are capable of entering FM-MSCs and transient, limited viral gene expression occurs. Our findings therefore strongly suggest that FM-MSCs should be screened for the presence of herpesviruses before xenotransplantation. In addition, they suggest that herpesviruses may be indicated as viral vectors for gene expression in MSCs both in gene therapy applications and in the selective induction of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Avanzi
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Laboratory Medicine, Operative Unit of Microbiology, A. O-U. di Bologna Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Brouwer KM, Daamen WF, van Lochem N, Reijnen D, Wijnen RMH, van Kuppevelt TH. Construction and in vivo evaluation of a dual layered collagenous scaffold with a radial pore structure for repair of the diaphragm. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6844-51. [PMID: 23499986 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In each organ the extracellular matrix has a specific architecture and composition, adapted to the functional needs of that organ. As cells are known to respond to matrix organization, biomaterials that take into account the specific architecture of the tissues to be regenerated may have an advantage in regenerative medicine. In this study we focussed on the diaphragm, an organ essential for breathing, and consisting of radial oriented skeletal muscle fibres diverging from a central tendon plate. To mimic this structure dual layered collagenous scaffolds were constructed with a radial pore orientation, prepared by inward out freezing, and reinforced by a layer of compressed collagen. Similar scaffolds with a random round pore structure were taken as controls. Scaffolds were first mildly crosslinked by formaldehyde vapour fixation for initial stabilization (13% and 17% crosslinking for the radial and control scaffolds, respectively), and further crosslinked using aqueous 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (38% and 37% crosslinking, respectively). Scaffolds were implanted into a surgically created diaphragm defect in rats and explanted after 12weeks. Macroscopically, integration of the radial scaffolds with the surrounding diaphragm was better compared with the controls. Cells had infiltrated further into the centre of the scaffolds (P=0.029) and there was a tendency of blood vessels to migrate deeper into the radial scaffolds (P=0.057, compared with controls). Elongated cells (SMA-positive) were aligned with the radial structures. In conclusion, collagenous scaffolds with a stable radial pore structure can be constructed which facilitate cellular in-growth and alignment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien M Brouwer
- Department of Biochemistry, 280, NCMLS, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Spinelli V, Guillot PV, De Coppi P. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fetal stem cells (hFSCs). Organogenesis 2013; 9:101-10. [PMID: 23823661 DOI: 10.4161/org.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (1) Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent but are difficult to be used for therapy because of immunological, oncological and ethical barriers. (2) Pluripotent cells exist in vivo, i.e., germ cells and epiblast cells but cannot be isolated without sacrificing the developing embryo. (3) Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells using ectopic expression of OKSM and other integrative and non-integrative techniques. (4) Hurdles to overcome include i.e stability of the phenotype in relation to epigenetic memory. SOURCES OF DATA We reviewed the literature related to reprogramming, pluripotency and fetal stem cells. AREAS OF AGREEMENT (1) Fetal stem cells present some advantageous characteristics compared with their neonatal and postnatal counterparts, with regards to cell size, growth kinetics, and differentiation potential, as well as in vivo tissue repair capacity. (2) Amniotic fluid stem cells are more easily reprogrammed to pluripotency than adult fibroblast. (3) The parental population is heterogeneous and present an intermediate phenotype between ES and adult somatic stem cells, expressing markers of both. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY (1) It is unclear whether induced pluripotent stem (iPS) derived from amniotic fluid stem cells are fully or partially reprogrammed. (2) Optimal protocols to ensure highest efficiency and phenotype stability remains to be determined. (3) The "level" of reprogramming, fully vs partial, of iPS derived from amniotic fluid stem cells remain to be determined. GROWING POINTS Banking of fully reprogrammed cells may be important both for (1) autologous and allogenic applications in medicine, and (2) disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinelli
- Surgery Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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40
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Turner CG, Klein JD, Wang J, Thakor D, Benedict D, Ahmed A, Teng YD, Fauza DO. The Amniotic Fluid As a Source of Neural Stem Cells in the Setting of Experimental Neural Tube Defects. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:548-53. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Turner
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin D. Klein
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devang Thakor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darcy Benedict
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Azra Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang D. Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dario O. Fauza
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Gucciardo L, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Ozog Y, Verbist G, Van Duppen V, Fryns J, Lories R, Deprest J. A Comparative Study on Culture Conditions and Routine Expansion of Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Fetal Diagn Ther 2013; 34:225-35. [DOI: 10.1159/000354895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brouwer KM, Hoogenkamp HR, Daamen WF, van Kuppevelt TH. Regenerative medicine for the respiratory system: distant future or tomorrow's treatment? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:468-75. [PMID: 23220914 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1558pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a new field of biomedical science that focuses on the regeneration of tissues and organs and the restoration of organ function. Although regeneration of organ systems such as bone, cartilage, and heart has attracted intense scientific research over recent decades, RM research regarding the respiratory system, including the trachea, the lung proper, and the diaphragm, has lagged behind. However, the last 5 years have witnessed novel approaches and initial clinical applications of tissue-engineered constructs to restore organ structure and function. In this regard, this article briefly addresses the basics of RM and introduces the key elements necessary for tissue regeneration, including (stem) cells, biomaterials, and extracellular matrices. In addition, the current status of the (clinical) application of RM to the respiratory system is discussed, and bottlenecks and recent approaches are identified. For the trachea, several initial clinical studies have been reported and have used various combinations of cells and scaffolds. Although promising, the methods used in these studies require optimization and standardization. For the lung proper, only (stem) cell-based approaches have been probed clinically, but it is becoming apparent that combinations of cells and scaffolds are required to successfully restore the lung's architecture and function. In the case of the diaphragm, clinical applications have focused on the use of decellularized scaffolds, but novel scaffolds, with or without cells, are clearly needed for true regeneration of diaphragmatic tissue. We conclude that respiratory treatment with RM will not be realized tomorrow, but its future looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien M Brouwer
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Aikawa M, Miyazawa M, Okamoto K, Toshimitsu Y, Okada K, Akimoto N, Ueno Y, Koyama I, Ikada Y. Newly designed bioabsorbable substitute for the treatment of diaphragmatic defects. Surg Today 2012; 43:1298-304. [PMID: 23161480 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-012-0414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier studies have investigated the suitability of various materials and autologous grafts for the repair of diaphragmatic defects. Our group investigated the feasibility of using an artificial diaphragm (AD) to repair wide diaphragmatic defects. METHODS Twelve pigs were laparotomized and, in each pig, a defect was fashioned by resecting a round 8-cm diameter hole in the left diaphragm. Next, the defect was repaired by implanting an AD. The animals were relaparotomized 8 or 24 weeks after implantation for gross, histological and radiological observation of the implanted sites. RESULTS All recipient animals survived until killing for evaluation. Chest X-ray examinations showed no differences between the preoperative diaphragms and the grafted diaphragms at 8 and 24 weeks after implantation. At 8 weeks after implantation, the implanted sites exhibited fibrous adhesions to the liver and lungs without deformities or penetrations. Parts of the surface tissue at the graft sites had a varnished appearance similar to those of the native diaphragm. Histology performed at 8 weeks detected no trace of the ADs in the graft sites; however, numerous inflammatory cells and profuse fibrous connective tissue were observed. At 24 weeks after implantation, no differences were found in the thorax between the areas with the grafts and the unaffected areas. Histology of the graft sites in the thorax confirmed growth of mesothelial cells similar to that observed in the native diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS Artificial diaphragms can be a novel substitute for diaphragmatic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Aikawa
- Department of Surgery, Gastrointestinal Center, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
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Rennie K, Gruslin A, Hengstschläger M, Pei D, Cai J, Nikaido T, Bani-Yaghoub M. Applications of amniotic membrane and fluid in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:721538. [PMID: 23093978 PMCID: PMC3474290 DOI: 10.1155/2012/721538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (AM) and amniotic fluid (AF) have a long history of use in surgical and prenatal diagnostic applications, respectively. In addition, the discovery of cell populations in AM and AF which are widely accessible, nontumorigenic and capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types has stimulated a flurry of research aimed at characterizing the cells and evaluating their potential utility in regenerative medicine. While a major focus of research has been the use of amniotic membrane and fluid in tissue engineering and cell replacement, AM- and AF-derived cells may also have capabilities in protecting and stimulating the repair of injured tissues via paracrine actions, and acting as vectors for biodelivery of exogenous factors to treat injury and diseases. Much progress has been made since the discovery of AM and AF cells with stem cell characteristics nearly a decade ago, but there remain a number of problematic issues stemming from the inherent heterogeneity of these cells as well as inconsistencies in isolation and culturing methods which must be addressed to advance the field towards the development of cell-based therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress and future perspectives in the use of AM- and AF-derived cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Rennie
- Neurogenesis and Brain Repair, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Bldg. M-54, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Andrée Gruslin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIH 845
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIH 845
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinglei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Toshio Nikaido
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mahmud Bani-Yaghoub
- Neurogenesis and Brain Repair, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Bldg. M-54, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIH 845
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45
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Boennelycke M, Gras S, Lose G. Tissue engineering as a potential alternative or adjunct to surgical reconstruction in treating pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2012; 24:883. [PMID: 22940843 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-012-2022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Cell-based tissue engineering strategies could potentially provide attractive alternatives to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of surgical implants in treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS Based on a search in PubMed, this review focuses on candidate cell types, scaffolds, and trophic factors used in studies examining cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and the closely related field of hernias. RESULTS In contrast to the field of SUI, the use of cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP are very sparsely explored, and only preclinical studies exist. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that the use of autologous muscle-derived cells, fibroblasts, or mesenchymal stem cells seeded on biocompatible, degradable, and potentially growth-promoting scaffolds could be an alternative to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of conventional implants in treating POP. However, the vagina is a complex organ with great demands of functionality, and the perfect match of scaffold, cell, and trophic factor has yet to be found and tested in preclinical studies. Important issues such as safety and economy must also be addressed before this approach is ready for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boennelycke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Boennelycke M, Gras S, Lose G. Tissue engineering as a potential alternative or adjunct to surgical reconstruction in treating pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2012; 24:741-7. [PMID: 22940843 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-012-1927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Cell-based tissue engineering strategies could potentially provide attractive alternatives to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of surgical implants in treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS Based on a search in PubMed, this review focuses on candidate cell types, scaffolds, and trophic factors used in studies examining cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and the closely related field of hernias. RESULTS In contrast to the field of SUI, the use of cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP are very sparsely explored, and only preclinical studies exist. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that the use of autologous muscle-derived cells, fibroblasts, or mesenchymal stem cells seeded on biocompatible, degradable, and potentially growth-promoting scaffolds could be an alternative to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of conventional implants in treating POP. However, the vagina is a complex organ with great demands of functionality, and the perfect match of scaffold, cell, and trophic factor has yet to be found and tested in preclinical studies. Important issues such as safety and economy must also be addressed before this approach is ready for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boennelycke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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47
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Kunisaki SM. Congenital anomalies: treatment options based on amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. Organogenesis 2012; 8:89-95. [PMID: 22986340 DOI: 10.4161/org.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells have emerged as a novel, experimental approach for the treatment of a wide variety of congenital anomalies diagnosed either in utero or postnatally. There are a number of unique properties of amniotic fluid stem cells that have allowed it to become a major research focus. These include the relative ease of accessing amniotic fluid cells in a minimally invasive fashion by amniocentesis as well as the relatively rich population of progenitor cells obtained from a small aliquot of fluid. Mesenchymal stem cells, c-kit positive stem cells, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells have all been derived from human amniotic fluid in recent years. This article gives a pediatric surgeon's perspective on amniotic fluid stem cell therapy for the management of congenital anomalies. The current status in the use of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, particularly as they relate as substrates in tissue engineering-based applications, is described in various animal models. A roadmap for further study and eventual clinical application is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Kunisaki
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Gray FL, Turner CG, Ahmed A, Calvert CE, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Prenatal tracheal reconstruction with a hybrid amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-engineered construct derived from decellularized airway. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1072-9. [PMID: 22703772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at examining an airway construct engineered from autologous amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) and a xenologous decellularized airway scaffold as a means for tracheal repair. METHODS Fetal lambs (N = 13) with a tracheal defect were divided into 2 groups. One group (acellular, n = 6) was repaired with a decellularized leporine tracheal segment. The other group (engineered, n = 7) received an identical graft seeded with expanded/labeled autologous aMSCs. Newborns were euthanized for multiple analyses. RESULTS Eleven lambs survived to term, 10 of which could breathe at birth. Engineered grafts showed a significant increase in diameter in vivo (P = .04) unlike acellular grafts (P = .62), although variable stenosis was present in all implants. Engineered constructs exhibited full epithelialization, compared with none of the acellular grafts (P = .002). Engineered grafts had a significantly greater degree of increase in elastin levels after implantation than acellular implants (P = .04). No such differences were noted in collagen and glycosaminoglycan contents. Donor cells were detected in engineered grafts, which displayed a pseudostratified columnar epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Constructs engineered from aMSCs and decellularized airway undergo enhanced remodeling and epithelialization in vivo when compared with equivalent acellular implants. Amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-engineered airways may become an alternative for perinatal airway repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne L Gray
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Turner CG, Klein JD, Gray FL, Ahmed A, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Craniofacial repair with fetal bone grafts engineered from amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. J Surg Res 2012; 178:785-90. [PMID: 22656041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethically acceptable applications of fetal tissue engineering as a perinatal therapy can be expanded beyond life-threatening anomalies by amniotic fluid cell-based methods, in which cell procurement poses no additional risk to the mother. We sought to start to determine whether osseous grafts engineered from amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) could be an adjunct to craniofacial repair. METHODS New Zealand rabbits (n = 12) underwent creation of a full-thickness diploic nasal bone defect. We then equally divided animals into two groups based on how the defect was repaired: namely, size-matched implants of electrospun biodegradable nanofibers with or without nuclear labeled, allogeneic aMSCs maintained in osteogenic medium. We killed animals 8 wk post-implantation for multiple analyses. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, post-hoc Bonferroni adjusted comparisons, and Levene's F-test, as appropriate (P < 0.05), with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Micro-computed tomography scanning (two- and three-dimensional) showed no significant differences in defect radiodensity between groups. However, extracellular calcium levels were significantly higher in engineered grafts than in acellular implants (P = 0.003). There was significantly greater variability in mineralization in acellular implants than in engineered grafts by both direct calcium (P = 0.008) and micro-computed tomography measurements (P = 0.032). There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase activity or variance between groups. We documented labeled cells in the engineered grafts. CONCLUSIONS Craniofacial repair with osseous grafts engineered from aMSCs lead to enhanced and more consistent mineralization compared with an equivalent acellular prosthetic repair. Amniotic fluid-derived engineered bone may become a practical adjunct to perinatal craniofacial reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Turner
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Brouwer KM, Daamen WF, Reijnen D, Verstegen RH, Lammers G, Hafmans TG, Wismans RG, van Kuppevelt TH, Wijnen RM. Repair of surgically created diaphragmatic defect in rat with use of a crosslinked porous collagen scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:552-61. [DOI: 10.1002/term.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien M. Brouwer
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F. Daamen
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Reijnen
- Central Animal Facility 231; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Geert Grooteplein Noord 29; 6525 EZ; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H. Verstegen
- Dept. of Surgery; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Gerwen Lammers
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. Hafmans
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Ronnie G. Wismans
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Dept. of Biochemistry 280, NCMLS; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - René M. Wijnen
- Dept. of Surgery; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; P.O. Box 9101; 6500 HB; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
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