Supernumerary testis: a case report and review of literature

Embryological basis of polyorchidism including classification, reproductive potential, and risk of malignancy: A review

Polyorchidism, a congenital malformation characterized by supernumerary testes (SNTs), is usually revealed incidentally during ultrasound or open scrotal surgery. In the approximately 200 cases so far published in the literature, the left side is affected more often than the right. Despite the rarity of this anomaly, a surgeon must have basic knowledge of its embryological basis and classifications to implement proper treatment and avoid overlooking it, since the consequences could harm the patient. This review summarizes previous classifications. It can be assumed that determining the risk of malignancy, and the level of reproductive potential based on location, vascularization, ductus deferens drainage, and environmental factors (e.g., temperature) affecting the SNTs, indicates the best approach to management. Therefore, we have created a new classification based on previous ones, addressing the aforementioned issues, which will guide the clinician to select the most appropriate treatment.

Polyorchidism - An Incidental Finding During Orchidopexy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Polyorchidism is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, defined as the presence of one or more extra testicles. About 200 cases have been reported in the medical literature. Triorchidism is the commonest one among all supernumerary testes. We present a rare case of incidentally detected polyorchidism during orchidopexy for ipsilateral undescended testis in a 7-year-old boy. The surgeon should be aware of this condition during groin exploration. The reproductive potential, location of the supernumerary testes, the coexistence of other disorders, and suspicion of the malignancy should be taken into account when choosing conservative management or surgery.

Five testicles in the genital area of a thirteen-month-old baby: a case report

BACKGROUND

Polyorchidism is a congenital anomaly of the urogenital system and means more than two testes. It is a rare phenomenon, where there are no more than 200 reported cases in the literature. In this case, we report a 13-month year's old case with five testicles.

CASE PRESENTATION

We report a rare five testicles in the genital area of a 13-month-old baby. The initial diagnosis was undescended testis (UDT) based on ultrasound findings where a testis in the abdomen and a testis in the inguinal canal were detected. Surgery with general anaesthesia was performed to diagnose and treat this case. Before surgery, four HCG 1200u injections were administered. During the operation, it was determined that the case had had five testicles. Testicles were on the left in the proximal inguinal canal, and the sac hernia was ligated parallel to the inner ring. The patient was followed up several times after surgery by a urologist, and the results showed that there were no problems, and the intervention was uncomplicated.

CONCLUSION

Based on the result, it is not possible to diagnose such cases only by examination or ultrasound in infant patients, as the patient often presents with undescended testis (UDT), so the disease is diagnosed only through surgery.

A Unique Case of Intraabdominal Polyorchidism: A Case Study

Background. Polyorchidism, alternatively supernumerary testes (SNT), is a condition where an individual is born with more than two testicles. This congenital anomaly is quite rare and the literature has described various presentations. Questions/Purposes. To our knowledge, this presentation of polyorchidism has yet to be described in the literature. The goal of this case study is to add to the pediatric, general, and urologic surgery's body of knowledge of the subject matter. Case Study. A nine-month-old boy was admitted for an impalpable right testis and phimosis. At the time of surgical exploration, there appeared to be polyorchid testis on the right-hand side, with three masses that potentially appeared to be undescended testes. Discussion. Proponents of a conservative approach argue that infertility is common in patients with polyorchidism and, by preserving a potentially functional SNT, there may be improved spermatogenesis. When performing definitive surgical treatment, meticulous intra-abdominal and intrainguinal exploration must be undertaken. Orchiopexy should be performed to reduce the chances of torsion, malignancy, and infertility. Conclusion. Our case is important to the literature as it is the first known case of polyorchidism with 3 SNT on the right side, located intra-abdominally, and in a patient less than 1 year of age.

A Rare Case of Polyorchidism: Four Testes

Background

Polyorchidism or supernumerary testis means more than two testes. It is very rare and to the best of our knowledge, there have been only about 200 cases reported.

Case Report

In this case report we want to present radiological features and assessment of a patient with four testicles.

Conclusions

If the vascularity and echogenicity of the scrotal mass is similar with the normal testis parenchyma, multitestis should be considered. The MRI might not provide us with additional information to USG or CDUSG, thus it is not necessary to perform it if there is no suspicion of malignancy.