Protective effect of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rat model

The effects of berberine on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in an experimental model of ovarian torsion

OBJECTIVE

Ovarian torsion is a gynecological disorder that causes ischemia-reperfusion injuries in the ovary. Our study investigated berberine's short- and long-term effects on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injuries.

METHODS

This study included 28 Wistar albino female rats weighing 180 to 220 g, which were divided into four groups: sham (S), torsion/detorsion (T/D), torsion/ detorsion+single dose berberine (T/D+Bb), and torsion/detorsion+15 days berberine (T/D+15Bb). The torsion and detorsion model was applied in all non-sham groups. In the T/D+Bb group, a single dose of berberine was administered, while in the T/D+15Bb group, berberine was administered over a period of 15 days. After the rats were euthanized, their ovaries were excised. The left ovaries were used for histopathologic evaluation, which included ovarian injury scoring and follicle count, while the right ovaries were used for biochemical analyses (tissue transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] levels).

RESULTS

The histopathologic evaluation scores for the ovaries were significantly lower in the T/D+B group (p<0.05) and the T/D+15B group (p<0.005) than in the T/D group. The follicle counts in the T/D group were lower than those in both the sham and treated groups (p<0.005). The TGF-β levels were significantly lower in the T/D+15B group (p<0.005), whereas the α-SMA levels did not show a significant difference.

CONCLUSION

Both short- and long-term berberine use could potentially have therapeutic effects on ovarian torsion. Long-term berberine use exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by reducing TGF-β levels, thereby preventing ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Therefore, we suggest that long-term berberine use could be beneficial for ovarian torsion.

Atorvastatin-mediated downregulation of VCAM-1 and XO/UA/caspase 3 signaling averts oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury

Background

Oxidative damage is critical in the pathogenesis of ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and statins have been reported to exert antioxidant activity. However, the role of VCAM-1 and xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA) in ovarian I/R injury is not known. Also, whether or not atorvastatin exerts antioxidant activity like other statins is unclear.

Objectives

This study investigated the involvement of VCAM-1 and XO/UA in ovarian I/R injury and the likely protective role of atorvastatin.

Methods

Forty female Wistar rats were randomized into sham-operated, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), ischaemia and atorvastatin, and I/R and atorvastatin.

Results

In comparison with the sham-operated group, atorvastatin blunted ischaemia and I/R-induced distortion of ovarian histoarchitecture and follicular degeneration. Also, atorvastatin alleviated ischaemia and I/R-induced rise in XO, UA, and malondialdehyde, which was accompanied by inhibition of ischaemia and I/R-induced reductions in reduced glutathione level, enzymatic antioxidant activities and increase in myeloperoxidase activity and TNF-α and IL-6 levels by atorvastatin treatment. Additionally, atorvastatin blocked ischaemia and I/R-induced increase in VCAM-1 expression, caspase 3 activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and ovarian DNA fragmentation index.

Conclusion

For the first time, this study revealed that atorvastatin-mediated downregulation of VCAM-1 and XO/UA/caspase 3 signaling averts oxidative injury, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

The effect of intratesticular dexpanthenol on experimentally-induced testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury

INTRODUCTION

Testis torsion is a urological emergency and a serious situation that may cause testis atrophy, testicular dysfunction and infertility due to ischaemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury even with early intervention.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the protective effect of dexpanthenol administered intratesticular after detorsion against testis I/R injury.

STUDY DESIGN

Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into 3 groups containing 9 rats each. The 1st group comprised the sham group with no procedure performed. The 2nd group had only torsion applied, while the 3rd group had torsion + dexpanthenol applied. Rats had 720° clockwise rotation applied to the left testis. After 2 h of ischaemia, testes were de-torsioned and the dexpanthenol group had 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol administered intratesticular after detorsion. After 4 h of reperfusion, rats had blood samples taken and orchiectomy was performed for histologic assessment.

RESULTS

A significant difference was detected in all parameters [necrosis(p:<0.001), Cosentino grade (p < 0.001), congestion (p:0.005), fibrosis (p:<0.001), interstitial oedema (p:0.017), JTBS score (p:<0.001), apoptosis (p < 0.001) and testosterone levels (p:0.006)] when the sham, torsion, and torsion + dexpanthenol groups were compared. Significant differences were observed for fibrosis (p:0.010), Cosentino score (p < 0.001), JTBS score (p:<0.001), apoptosis (p:0.001) and total testosterone levels (p:0.013) when torsion and torsion + dexpanthenol groups were compared. The torsion + dexpanthenol group was identified to have more preservation of testis function observed histologically and hormonally compared to the torsion group.

DISCUSSION

Dexpanthenol is used in many areas due to both epithelizing and antioxidant effects and lack of clear side effects. In spite of use of many chemical and biological agents to protect against testis I/R injury, none have entered routine use. This study showed that dexpanthenol, which can be easily injected intratesticular during detorsion surgery, has protective effect against histological and functional injury that may develop linked to testis I/R injury. The main limitations of the study are short duration of follow-up due to being a rat experiment and lack of comparison of lipid peroxidation products.

CONCLUSION

This study identified that dexpanthenol with clinically easy use by intratesticular injection after detorsion during surgery had a protective effect against histological and functional injury that will develop linked to I/R injury in the testis.

The Protective Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Chrysin against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovaries

Objective

To evaluate the protective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and chrysin (CH) on experimental ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries using tissue oxidative stress marker levels, hormone levels, and histopathological scores.

Methods

Sixty healthy rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, I/R, I/R + CH (50 mg/kg/day), I/R + GA (100 mg/kg/day), CH (50 mg/kg/day), and GA (100 mg/kg/day). Biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological evaluations were performed on blood and tissue samples 14 days after CH and GA treatment.

Results

The antioxidant defense system parameters were significantly higher in the ovarian tissues of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups than in those of the I/R group. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly reduced, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly increased in rats treated with CH and GA compared with those in the I/R group. Additionally, the histopathological scores of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups were significantly improved compared with those of the I/R group.

Conclusions

The significant improvements in tissue oxidative stress parameters, serum hormone levels, and histological scores observed in this study indicate that treatment with CH or GA may be a conservative approach to prevent I/R injury in adnexal torsion cases after the ovarian detorsion procedure.

Could erythropoietin reduce the ovarian damage of cisplatin in female rats?

The aim of this study is to investigate whether erythropoietin (EPO) can reduce the ovarian damage of cisplatin or not. Thirty, female, Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. Control group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal saline infusion, Cisplatin group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal 7 mg/kg cisplatin, Cisplatin + EPO group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal 7 mg/kg cisplatin and subcutaneous 200 IU/kg/day EPO. Serum AMH concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit of AMH. Follicular counts were evaluated according to mean diameter of the follicles. Ovarian damage; including follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammation was scored histologically using a graduated scale. Posttreatment AMH levels of cisplatin group were significantly lower than control and cisplatin + EPO groups. In cisplatin group, there was a significant decrement in posttreatment AMH level compared to pretreatment AMH level. The total damage score of cisplatin group was significantly higher than scores of control and cisplatin + EPO groups. The mean primordial follicle counts of control and cisplatin + EPO groups were significantly higher than that of cisplatin group (p = .007 and p = .003). The results of this study revealed that EPO administration to cisplatin chemotherapy could ameliorate the ovarian damage. Erythropoietin administration to chemotherapeutic agents might suggest to protect ovarian failure and infertility.

The Effect of Erythropoietin in Preventing Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ovarian Tissue Transplantation

Condensation Erythropoietin improved the survival of follicles in ovarian grafts most likely by reducing ischemic injury, by improving neoangiogenesis, and by its antioxidant effects.

OBJECTIVE

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation are the only options accepted for prepubertal girls and women requiring immediate chemotherapy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main obstacle for ovarian tissue transplantation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) on tissue viability in autotransplanted rat ovaries.

STUDY DESIGN

Seventeen female rats were randomized into 3 groups as sham control group (n = 5), EPO-treated group (n = 6), and EPO-untreated group (n = 6). Both ovaries were excised and transplanted into a subcutaneous pouch formed at the anterior abdominal wall in the EPO-treated and untreated groups. In the EPO group, 5000 U/kg EPO was applied as local injection to the site that ovarian tissue was placed and the dose was repeated with the same route at the end of the fourth week. After 2 months, ovaries were removed and blood samples were obtained. Levels of estradiol (E₂), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, and lipid hydroperoxidase (LPO) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured both in blood and tissue samples. Histopathological and morphometric analyses were also performed on tissue samples.

RESULTS

Considering serum levels, mean CAT was significantly higher ( P = .003) and mean SOD ( P = .033), LPO ( P = .050), VEGF ( P = .001), and VEGF-C ( P = .024) were significantly lower in the EPO-treated group than in the untreated group. Mean serum GPX levels were similar. Significantly higher levels of E₂ were determined in the EPO group than in the untreated group. Highest serum E₂ levels were found in the sham group ( P = .001). Tissue levels of GPX (1.23) and CAT (53.17) were significantly higher in the EPO group ( P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). However, tissue levels of SOD and LPO, VEGF, and VEGF-C levels were significantly lower in the EPO group than those in the untreated group ( P = .033, P = .050, P = .002, and P = .003, respectively). In tissue examination, the highest values of x, y axis and epithelial height were in the sham group. Mean value of the EPO group was found statistically significantly higher than that of the untreated group ( P ≤ .05). In terms of antral follicle count, ordering was found as sham > EPO-treated > EPO-untreated group. Follicle counts in the EPO group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group ( P ≤ 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Erythropoietin improved the survival of follicles in ovarian grafts most likely by reducing ischemic injury, by improving neoangiogenesis, and by its antioxidant effects.

Effects of Apigenin on Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Ovary

Background:

Apigenin is a plant-derived compound belonging to the flavone class, which possess antioxidant, free-radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.

Aims:

To address the effects of apigenin on serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Study Design:

Animal experiment.

Methods:

Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four sections: Sham operation (group 1), ischemia/reperfusion plus saline (group 2), ischemia/reperfusion plus dimethyl sulfoxide (group 3) and ischemia/reperfusion plus apigenin (group 4). In all ischemia/reperfusion groups, a bilateral adnexal 3-h period of ischemia was performed, followed by 3-h of reperfusion. A single dose of 15 mg/kg apigenin was given intraperitoneally 60 min before reperfusion in group 4. After 3-h of reperfusion, both ovaries were removed, and blood samples were collected. The main outcome measures were serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, ovarian tissue malondialdehyde, total nitric oxide, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels and histopathological damage scores.

Results:

The ovarian tissue nitric oxide level was significantly lower, and the glutathione level was significantly higher in group 4 compared with groups 2 and 3. There was no significant difference in anti-mullerian hormone levels among the three ischemia/reperfusion groups. The histopathological damage score was lower in group 4 than in groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

Administration of apigenin has no significant protective effect on ovarian reserve and tissue damage in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Protective effect of hydrogen rich saline solution on experimental ovarian ischemia reperfusion model in rats

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen rich saline solution (HRSS) in a rat model of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODS

Thirty-six female Wistar-albino rats were grouped randomly, into six groups of six rats. The groups were classified as: sham (S), hydrogen (H), torsion (T), torsion/detorsion (TD), hydrogen-torsion (HT), and hydrogen-torsion/detorsion (HTD). Bilateral adnexal torsion was performed for 3h in all torsion groups. HRSS was given 5ml/kg in hydrogen groups intraperitoneally. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were measured in both the plasma and tissue samples. Tissue sections were evaluated histopathologically, and the apoptotic index was detected by TUNEL assay. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson chi-square tests using computer software, SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows.

RESULTS

The MDA levels were higher and GST levels were lower in the torsion and detorsion groups when compared to other groups, but the differences were insignificant (P>0.05). The MDA levels were lower and GST levels were higher in the HT and HTD groups compared with the T and TD groups (P>0.05). Follicular injury, edema, vascular congestion, loss of cohesion and apoptotic index were higher in the torsion groups but decreased in the groups that received HRSS.

CONCLUSIONS

According to histopathological and biochemical examinations, HRSS is effective in attenuating ischemia-reperfusion induced ovary injury.

Oxidative Stress during Ovarian Torsion in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: Changing The Perspective of The Disease

Among the different causes of gynecological acute pelvic pain, ovarian torsion represents a surgical emergency. It is a rare case in the pediatric/adolescent aged group that must be included in the differential diagnosis of any girl with abdominal pain or pelvic/abdominal mass. Current recommendations suggest that laparoscopic detorsion should be performed in order to preserve the integrity of the ovaries and fertility, although oophoropexy may be considered in case of severe necrosis. Nevertheless, maintaining the circulation of the ovary after detorsion deteriorates the tissue injury and leads to a pathologic process called ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is characterized by oxidative stress. During the detorsion process, an excess amount of molecular oxygen is supplied to the tissues, and reactive species of oxygen (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O₂^-), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxyl radical (OH•), as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in excess. ROS, RNS and their toxic products cause DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the cellular and mitochondrial membranes, leading to cell death. In spite of attention on this topic, currently there is no shared and clear evidence about the use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents to prevent I/R damage after laparoscopic ovarian detorsion. Considering this element, future research should aim to develop shared protocols for the clinical use (route of application, dosage and time of application) of antioxidants after laparoscopic management of this condition.

Protective effects of ellagic acid and ozone on rat ovaries with an ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM

This study investigated the effects of the antioxidant agents, ozone (O) and ellagic acid (EA), on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries developed from an ovarian torsion-detorsion model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Arteries in the left ovaries of rats were clamped for two hours to achieve torsion, and then the clamps were removed for a two-hour detorsion period. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control: administered only with anesthesia, rats were not subjected to torsion-detorsion; I/R: subjected to torsion and subsequent detorsion, without administering any treatment agent; and I/R + EA, I/R + O and I/R + O + EA: subjected to torsion and detorsion processes and administered with EA, O or EA + O at the 75th minute of torsion. The rats were then sacrificed under general anesthesia and the ovarian tissues were excised. The tissues were homogenized and levels of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Tissue damage was evaluated in terms of histopathological parameters, such as hemorrhage, congestion, edema and inflammation.

RESULTS

Antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA levels in the ovary tissue increased in the I/R group and decreased in the O, EA and O + EA groups (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that tissue damage in the O, EA and O + EA groups decreased in comparison with the I/R group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

These biochemical and histopathological findings suggest that EA and O are effective against ovarian I/R injury.

Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

BACKGROUND

To investigate the protective effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP), an anti-oxidant agent, against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of ovarian torsion, considering biochemical and histopathological aspects.

METHODS

Forty Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups: Group I, sham operation; Group II, ischemia alone, Group III, ischemia-reperfusion; Group IV, ischemia-reperfusion+50 mg/kg EP; and Group V, ischemia-reperfusion+100 mg/kg EP. Through laparotomy, 360° torsion was performed and maintained for 3 h, and detorsion was maintained for a further 3 h. Intraperitoneal EP was given 30 min before the surgical procedure. Ovarian tissues and blood samples were obtained after surgery. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels were measured in both plasma and tissue samples. Tissue sections were evaluated histopatologically. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS

In both serum and tissue samples, ADMA and MDA levels were found to be significantly lower in the EP groups compared with the ischemia alone and ischemia-reperfusion groups (p=0.0001). However, no significant difference was found between groups treated with 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg EP. On histopathological evaluation, the total tissue injury score was found to be lower in rats treated with EP. No significant difference was detected between groups treated with 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg EP.

CONCLUSION

Ethyl pyruvate may exert positive effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury in cases of ovarian torsion. However, no difference was detected between 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg EP.

The effect of erythropoietin on serum uric acid levels during renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of erythropoietin on a rat model, particularly under a renal ischemia reperfusion protocol. The beneficial or lack of effects of that molecule on the excreted renal product of serum uric acid were studied biochemically.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Forty rats were used with a mean weight of 247.7 gr. Serum uric acid levels were measured measured at 60 min after reperfusion (Groups A and C) and at 120 min after reperfusion (groups B and D).

RESULTS

1) Erythropoietin administration non-significantly decreased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.02 mg/dL [-0.2415423 mg/dL-0.2015423 mg/dL] (p=0.8560), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.8438). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.17 mg/dL [-0.0444933 mg/dL-0.3844933 mg/dL] (p=0.1169), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.1648). 3) The interaction of erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.1 mg/dL [-0.0295564 mg/dL-0.2295564 mg/dL] (p=0.1264).

CONCLUSION

Erythropoietin administration, reperfusion time and their interaction have no significant short-term alterations on serum uric acid levels. Conclusions cannot be extracted by non-significant p-values within 2 hours. Obviously, longer study times may permit safer results.

Effects of erythropoietin on ischemia, follicular survival, and ovarian function in ovarian grafts

Ovarian tissue transplantation is performed to preserve fertility in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and free radical production occurring during the revascularization of the transplanted tissue are the major limitations of this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) as an antioxidant on oxidative stress and ovary survival following transplantation. The Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (4–5 weeks old) were divided into three groups (six mice per group): control; autograft+saline, and autograft+EPO (500 IU/kg i.p.). After 28 days, ovary compartments were estimated stereologically. DNA fragmentation and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), progesterone, and estradiol (E2) concentrations were also evaluated. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and the means were significantly different at P<0.05. The mean total volume of ovary, cortex, and medulla and the number of follicles increased significantly in the autograft+EPO group (P<0.01). Apoptosis rate in the autograft+EPO group was lower than that in the autograft+saline group. The concentration of MDA decreased significantly in the autografted EPO-treated group than in the autografted saline-treated group (P<0.01). The concentration of E2 increased significantly in the autograft+EPO group than in the autograft+saline group (P<0.01). EPO reduced IR injury, increasing follicle survival and function in grafted ovaries.

Free Persian abstract

A Persian (Farsi) translation of the abstract is freely available online at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/5/733/suppl/DC1

The effect of erythropoietin on ischemia/reperfusion injury after testicular torsion/detorsion: a randomized experimental study

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on ischemia/reperfusion related changes after testicular torsion/detorsion. In a randomized experimental trial 30 male rats were randomly allocated into six equal groups of five rats each. Group I (orchiectomy for histopathologic examination), group II (sham operation), group III (torsion for 2 hours, and ischemia/detorsion for 24 hours, and orchiectomy); group IV (torsion for 2 hours, ischemia/detorsion for 24 hours with erythropoietin injection then orchiectomy), group V (torsion for 2 hours and detorsion and EPO injection and orchiectomy 1 week later, group VI (torsion for 2 hours/detorsion and orchiectomy 1 week later). Two groups (groups 4 and 5) received different protocols of erythropoietin administration after testicular torsion/distortion. other groups were not receiving erythropoietin. Johnsen's spermatogenesis scoring method and Cosentino's histologic staging method were used to assess main outcome measures of the study. After the experimentation, Johnsen's score in EPO Groups was statistically different from the score in some groups not receiving erythropoietin. Cosentino's score in EPO groups was statistically different from the score in all groups not receiving erythropoietin. Neovascularization, vascular necrosis, vascular congestion, edema, hemorrhage, and acute inflammation were observed in some groups. This study shows short-term protective efficacy of erythropoietin on rat testicular injury after ischemia/reperfusion.

An investigation about the inhibition of acute ischemia/reperfusion damage by dexmedetomidine in rat ovarian tissue

Reperfusion has always been "the emergency intervention" to ischemic tissue. For a given period of time, tissue injury due to ischemia and reperfusion is more serious than injury due to ischemia only. Groups were as: Group 1: 25 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + ischemia/reperfusion group. Group 2: 10 mg/kg yohimbine +25 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + ischemia/reperfusion group. Group 3: Ischemia/reperfusion (control) group. Group 4: Healthy rats. Rat ovaries were exposed to a 3-hour ischemia and then reperfusion ensured for 2 hours. After ischemia/reperfusion, total glutathione, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxyguanine levels and histopathological investigation were studied. The highest total glutathione and the lowest malondialdehyde and DNA damage levels were determined in dexmedetomidine group when compared to control group. The difference between yohimbine + dexmedetomidine and the control group was insignificant. Dexmedetomidine protects the ovarian tissue of the rat from I/R injury. It is hypothesized that this protective effect of dexmedetomidine is mediated by the α-2 adrenergic receptors. Dexmedetomidine could be useful for attenuation of tissue damage after I/R and prevention of I/R-related complications.

Selenium has a protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat ovary model: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries.

METHODS

Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 7): sham (S), I/R1, I/R2, Se1, and Se2. In the I/R1 and Se1 groups, 4 hours of ischemia was followed by 6 hours of reperfusion, and in the I/R2 and Se2 groups, 4 hours of ischemia was followed by 12 hours of reperfusion. In the Se groups, 30 minutes before reperfusion, a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg Se was administered intraperitoneally. The ovarian tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured biochemically. Tissue damage to ovarian tissue was scored by histopathologic examination.

RESULTS

The I/R groups had significantly higher MDA levels and lower CAT, SOD, and GPx activities than the sham group (P < .05). Although NO levels were significantly higher in the I/R1 group than in the sham group (P < .05), the NO levels in the I/R2 and sham groups were similar. Selenium pretreatment significantly lowered tissue MDA and NO levels and increased tissue SOD and GPx activities in the Se groups, compared with those in the I/R groups (P < .05). Catalase activities were significantly higher in the Se2 group than in the I/R2 group (P < .05). Catalase activities were higher in the Se1 group than in the I/R1 group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Treatment with Se significantly decreased the ovarian tissue damage scores in the Se2 group compared with those in the I/R2 group (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

Selenium is effective in preventing tissue damage induced by I/R in rat ovaries.

Protective effect of intraperitoneal ozone application in experimental ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM

The current accepted management of ovarian torsion is ovary-sparing surgery. Ozone therapy is used to reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in several situations. An experimental study was designed to evaluate effect of ozone application in ovarian I/R injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three groups (n = 6) and 18 rats were included in the study. After anesthesia, right ovaries were fixed and removed at the end of 2 hours in sham group (SG). In torsion group (TG), right ovaries underwent 720° torsion in a counterclockwise direction. Ovaries were removed after 2 hours torsion and 2 hours reperfusion. In ozone group (OG), torsion was created by the same technique, and 95% oxygen plus 5% ozone gas mixture was given intraperitoneally (25 μg/mL, 0.5 mg/kg) 10 minutes before reperfusion. After 2 hours reperfusion, ovaries were removed. Histopathologic examination of ovarian and periovarian sections was performed for the presence of congestion (C), hemorrhage, interstitial edema (IE), and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic infiltrations. Tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), and total sulphidryl (t-SH) values. Results were compared between 3 groups.

RESULTS

At histopathologic examination, the TG have elevation in terms of ovarian C, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic infiltration, and periovarian IE when compared with SG (P < ,05). In OG, ovarian C and periovarian IE were reduced according to TG, whereas the increase was observed only in ovarian C compared with SG (P < .05). At biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress markers in SG and TG, there was no difference between them (P < .05). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in OG than TG, whereas NO and t-SH values were higher (P < .05). Malondialdehyde levels were decreased in OG compared with SG (P < .05). However, no difference was observed in NO and t-SH levels (P > .05).

CONCLUSION

Intraperitoneal application of ozone creates a positive impact on histologic and biochemical markers on I/R injury owing to ovarian torsion. The ozone application can be developed to support efforts to protect ovary in ovarian torsion.