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Rich BS, Weil BR, Thaker H, Cromeens BP, Stankovic ZB, Billmire DF, Dicken BJ. Current surgical approach: Extracranial malignant germ cell tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e31217. [PMID: 39039777 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCT) are a complex, heterogeneous collection of tumors that may present in either gonadal or extragonadal sites. They consist of a variety of benign and malignant histologies that can occur at several locations throughout the body. An important component of treatment is surgical resection, and while the key components of resection are site specific, the universal goals of GCT resection include the complete resection of tumor without violating the tumor capsule, while preserving function of surrounding organs, minimizing morbidity, and assessing for regional spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie S Rich
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Brent R Weil
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hatim Thaker
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barrett P Cromeens
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zoran B Stankovic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Surgery, Euromedik Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Deborah F Billmire
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan J Dicken
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lee WG, Ourshalimian S, Keane OA, O'Guinn M, Odegard MN, Sparks SS, Kelley-Quon LI. Sex-based Disparities in the Management of Pediatric Gonadal Torsion. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1355-1361. [PMID: 38599909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2015, the U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) implemented a quality metric to expedite surgery for testicular torsion (TT), but not ovarian torsion (OT). This study examined OR timing among children with suspected TT and OT before and after this metric. METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study of children (1-18yr) who underwent surgery for suspected gonadal torsion was performed. Time to OR (TTOR) from hospital presentation to surgery start was calculated. An interrupted time series analysis identified changes in TTOR for suspected TT versus OT after the 2015 USNWR quality metric. RESULTS Overall, 216 patients presented with TT and 120 with OT. Median TTOR for TT was 147 min (IQR:99-198) versus 462 min (IQR:308-606) for OT. Post-quality metric, children with TT experienced a 27.8 min decrease (95% CI:-51.7,-3.9, p = 0.05) in annual median TTOR. No significant decrease was observed for children with OT (p = 0.22). Children with history of a known ovarian mass (N = 62) experienced a shorter TTOR compared to those without (422 vs 499min; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Implementation of a national quality metric for TT expedited surgical care for children with TT, but not children with OT. These findings highlight the need for equitable quality metrics for children presenting with suspected gonadal torsion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative Study, Observational Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Shadassa Ourshalimian
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Olivia A Keane
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Makayla O'Guinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Marjorie N Odegard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Stephen S Sparks
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lorraine I Kelley-Quon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Ayemoba J, Callier K, Johnson K. Rate of oophorectomy in pediatric ovarian torsion: risk factors and change over time. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:160. [PMID: 38910201 PMCID: PMC11194208 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of ovarian torsion in pediatric patients has evolved over time. Ovarian salvage is currently recommended given concerns for fertility preservation and the low likelihood of malignancy. Studies have shown that the incidence of oophorectomy is higher amongst pediatric surgeons in comparison to gynecologists. Using a national database, this study examined how the surgical management of ovarian torsion has evolved. METHODS Children with a discharge diagnosis of ovarian torsion (ICD-9 code 620.5, ICD-10 code N835X) and procedure codes for oophorectomy (CCS code 119) were identified within the KID database from 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2019. Diagnosis of ovarian pathology was based upon ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes at the time of discharge. RESULTS A total of 7008 patients, ages 1-20, had a discharge diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Of those patients, 2,597 (37.1%) were diagnosed with an ovarian cyst, 1560 (22.2%) were diagnosed with a benign ovarian neoplasm, and 30 (0.4%) were diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm. There was a decreased risk of oophorectomy in urban-teaching versus rural hospitals (OR: 0.64, p < 0.001). The rate of oophorectomy has decreased overtime. However, patients with benign or malignant neoplasms were more likely to undergo oophorectomy than those without a diagnosis (OR: 2.03, p < 0.001; 4.82, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The rate of oophorectomy amongst children with ovarian torsion has decreased over time. Yet, despite improvements, oophorectomy is common amongst patients with benign ovarian neoplasms and those treated at rural hospitals. Continued education is needed to optimize patient care in all clinical scenarios. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ayemoba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kylie Callier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Doctor's Office Tower, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 7100, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gagnon MH, Derenoncourt PR, Rayamahi S, Taylor S, Parikh AK, Ponisio MR, Khanna G. Unusual imaging findings associated with abdominal pediatric germ cell tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1093-1104. [PMID: 38462578 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors of childhood are tumors arising from germline cells in gonadal or extragonadal locations. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characteristically located in the midline, arising intracranially or in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis. These tumors are generally easily diagnosed due to typical sites of origin, characteristic imaging findings, and laboratory markers. However, germ cell tumors can be associated with unusual clinical syndromes or imaging features that can perplex the radiologist. This review will illustrate atypical imaging/clinical manifestations and complications of abdominal germ cell tumors in childhood. These features include unusual primary tumors such as multifocal primaries; local complications such as ovarian torsion or ruptured dermoid; atypical presentations of metastatic disease associated with burned-out primary tumor, growing teratoma syndrome, and gliomatosis peritonei; endocrine manifestations such as precocious puberty and hyperthyroidism; and antibody mediated paraneoplastic syndrome such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antibody-mediated encephalitis. This review aims to illustrate unusual imaging features associated with the primary tumor, metastatic disease, or distant complications of abdominal germ cell tumors of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Helene Gagnon
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Paul-Robert Derenoncourt
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sampanna Rayamahi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Susan Taylor
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ashishkumar K Parikh
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Maria R Ponisio
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Geetika Khanna
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Huerta CT, Rodriguez C, Parreco J, Thorson CM, Sola JE, Perez EA. Contemporary Trends in Laparoscopy and Ovarian Sparing Surgery for Ovarian Torsion in the Pediatric Population. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:393-399. [PMID: 37968152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although total oophorectomy (TO) was historically performed in cases of nonviable-appearing ovaries, considerable evidence has demonstrated equivalent outcomes after ovarian sparing surgery (OSS) as well as long-term fertility preservation benefits. This study sought to compare outcomes of OSS and TO for patients with ovarian torsion. METHODS Females <21 years old admitted for ovarian torsion were identified from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2018) and stratified by OSS or TO. Propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA) utilizing >50 covariates (demographics, medical comorbidities, ovarian diagnoses, etc.) was constructed between those receiving TO and OSS. RESULTS There were 3,161 females (median 15 [12-18] years) with ovarian torsion, and concomitant pathologies included cysts (42%), benign masses (25%), and malignant masses (<1%). Open approaches were more common (52% vs. 48% laparoscopic), and ovarian resection (OSS or TO) was performed in 87% (39% OSS and 48% TO). OSS was more commonly performed with laparoscopic detorsions (60% vs. 40% TO), while TO was more frequent in open operations (59% vs. 41% TO; both p < 0.001). No differences in overall readmissions (7% OSS vs. 8% TO) or readmissions for recurrent torsion (<1% overall) and ovarian masses (<1%) were observed (both groups <1%; p = 0.612). After PSMA, laparoscopy was still utilized less frequently with TO (39% vs. 53%; p < 0.001) despite similar rates of malignant masses. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data offer additional support for the current practice guidelines that give preference to OSS as the primary method of treatment for pediatric ovarian torsion in the majority of cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Theodore Huerta
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cindy Rodriguez
- Florida State University School of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Parreco
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Regional Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Choi E, Kim HI, Seo SK, Cho SH, Choi YS, Lee BS, Yun BH. Postoperative outcomes of ovarian preserving surgery in premenopausal women with adnexal torsion. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2023; 66:562-571. [PMID: 37840253 PMCID: PMC10663403 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether ovarian-preserving surgery for adnexal torsion helps preserve ovarian function without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 71 women who were surgically diagnosed with adnexal torsion between January 2015 and December 2019 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine (ovarian preservation group, 56; oophorectomy, 15). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels measured within 6 months before surgery were compared to levels measured 6-24 months after surgery. Surgical findings and postoperative complications were compared between the groups. RESULTS There was a borderline significant difference in the decrease in serum AMH levels between the oophorectomy group and ovarian preservation group before and after surgery. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of fever, infection, or duration of admission. Discoloration of the twisted ovary was found in 27.3% and 33.3% of the patients in the ovarian preservation and oophorectomy groups, respectively. There was no difference in the decrease in serum AMH levels between patients with and those without discoloration. CONCLUSION Ovarian-preserving surgery may not increase postoperative complications in patients with adnexal torsion, even if a twisted mass is suspected to be necrotic. Moreover, the ovarian reserve may not be affected by torsion if the ovary is preserved. Conservative ovarian surgery can be safely performed to preserve the reproductive potential of women with adnexal torsion and cystic masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hye In Kim
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin,
Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Si Hyun Cho
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung Seok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Huerta CT, Ramsey WA, Lynn R, Saberi RA, Gilna GP, Parreco JP, Thorson CM, Sola JE, Perez EA. Underutilization of laparoscopy for ovarian surgeries in the pediatric population: A nationwide analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1000-1007. [PMID: 36792420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oophorectomy and ovarian detorsion are some of the most frequent operations performed in the female pediatric population. Despite the advent of laparoscopy, many surgeons continue to utilize open surgical approaches in these patients. This study sought to compare nationwide trends and postoperative outcomes in laparoscopic and open ovarian operations in the pediatric population. METHODS Females less than 21 years old who underwent ovarian operations (oophorectomy, detorsion, and/or drainage) from 2016 to 2017 were identified from the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (laparoscopic or open). Hospital characteristics and outcomes were compared using standard statistical tests. RESULTS There were 13,202 females (age 17 [14-20] years) who underwent open (59%) or laparoscopic (41%) ovarian operations. The most common indications for surgery were ovarian mass (48%), cyst (36%), and/or torsion (19%) for which oophorectomy (88%), detorsion (26%), and drainage (13%) were performed most frequently. The open approach was utilized more frequently for oophorectomy (95% vs. 77% laparoscopic) and detorsion (33% vs. 16% laparoscopic), both p < 0.001. A greater proportion of laparoscopic procedures were performed at large (67% vs. 61% open), teaching (82% vs. 76% open) hospitals in patients with private insurance (47% vs. 42% open), all p < 0.001. Patients undergoing open procedures had significantly higher index length of stay (LOS) and rates of wound infections. Thirty-day and overall readmission rates, as well as overall readmission costs, were higher in patients who received open surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Despite fewer overall complications, decreased cost, fewer readmissions, and shorter LOS, laparoscopic approaches are underutilized for pediatric ovarian procedures. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Theodore Huerta
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Walter A Ramsey
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Royi Lynn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Saberi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gareth P Gilna
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua P Parreco
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Khanna L, Vargas D, Menias C‘C, Katabathina V. Oncologic Emergencies in the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis. Radiol Clin North Am 2023; 61:91-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zambrano E, Reyes-Múgica M. Pediatric germ cell tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:52-62. [PMID: 36127222 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Zambrano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, B-260, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, B-260, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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Zhang H, Bai J, Zhang B, Wu D, Fang Y. Characteristics of ovarian necrosis in the neonatal ovarian tumor: a single-center retrospective study and review of literature. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 39:42. [PMID: 36484856 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the characteristics of ovarian necrosis in the neonatal ovarian tumor, and review treatments for ovarian torsion in neonates. Neonates with ovarian tumors undergoing surgery in Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Children's Hospital) from February 2016 to August 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into the ovarian necrosis group and control group (without necrosis). Demographic characteristics, prenatal and postnatal examination, operation, and pathological findings were compared and the relevant factors of ovarian necrosis were discussed. 26 neonates were included, 12 in necrosis group and 14 in control group. The maximum diameter of the tumor in necrosis group was smaller than that in control group (P < 0.01). The preoperative CRP in necrosis group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in the timeliness of surgery, pathological types, and length of postoperative hospital stay. About 26% of neonatal ovarian torsion could be rescued. Neonatal ovarian necrosis is characterized by a smaller tumor size and a higher preoperative CRP level. Timely surgery after birth might not change the ovarian outcome, but ovarian detorsion could be attempted in neonates to save residual ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966th Hengyu Road, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jianxi Bai
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966th Hengyu Road, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966th Hengyu Road, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Dianming Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966th Hengyu Road, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China. .,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| | - Yifan Fang
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966th Hengyu Road, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Benner C, Chassee T. Ovarian Torsion and Its Remediation in a Three-Year-Old Girl. Cureus 2022; 14:e32132. [PMID: 36601187 PMCID: PMC9806735 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian torsion is a rare, emergent occurrence seen in the premenarchal population. If detected promptly, ovarian torsion can be treated via detorsion. We present a case of a three-year-old girl whose ovary spontaneously torsed and was corrected via ovarian detorsion. The patient presented with sudden-onset abdominal pain and emesis; a transabdominal ultrasound with Doppler was performed, which led to the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. The patient was directly taken into surgery for correction, after which she quickly recovered and was subsequently discharged. The choice of ovarian detorsion to protect fertility in pediatric patients is supported by this case and by the related literature. The key to safeguarding fertility in these patients lies in rapid detection, which remains a challenge in the pediatric population. By raising widespread awareness of the use of Doppler ultrasound as well as symptom presentation, the protection of fertility in cases of pediatric ovarian torsion can be improved.
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12
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Toker Kurtmen B, Dokumcu Z, Divarci E, Ergun O, Ozok G, Celik A. Long-term surgical outcomes in pediatric ovarian neoplasms: 20-year single-center experience. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:2035-2044. [PMID: 36169670 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms (ON) is based on finding a balance between adequate surgical treatment and future reproductive capacity. We aimed to evaluate long-term results of patients who underwent surgery for ON. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was used. Medical records of patients with ON were reviewed. They were invited to participate in a telephone-based survey assessing complaints, menstrual status, and post-surgical recurrence. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were operated for ON between 1995 and 2015. Median age at surgery was 14.7 years. 62.4% of patients had ovary-sparing surgery (OSS). Median tumor size in oophorectomy group was significantly larger than OSS group (p = 0.029). Median length of follow-up was 5.1 years. Recurrent/metachronous disease was not significantly different between OSS and oophorectomy groups (p = 1.000). In OSS group, irregular menses (p = 0.004) and painful menses (p = 0.002) were significantly higher than oophorectomy group. CONCLUSION The main goal of treatment in pediatric ON is to find the right balance between adequate and appropriate tumor resection and maximal effort for fertility preservation. Our results showed no difference between oophorectomy and OSS in the terms of recurrence. Although irregular and painful menses were found to be significantly higher in the OSS group, longer follow-up and prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bade Toker Kurtmen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Dokumcu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Divarci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Orkan Ergun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Geylani Ozok
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
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13
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Cizek SM, Tyson N. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Emergencies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022; 49:521-536. [PMID: 36122983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of gynecologic emergencies in the pediatric and adolescent population requires a high index of suspicion to avoid delayed or incorrect diagnoses. This article aims to dispel common misunderstandings and aid with diagnosis and management of 3 common pediatric and adolescent gynecologic emergencies: adnexal torsion, vulvovaginal lacerations, and nonsexually acquired genital ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Cizek
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Academic Medicine, MC 5317, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Nichole Tyson
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Academic Medicine, MC 5317, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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14
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Grenvik JM, Keenahan L, Adeyemi-Fowode O. Adnexal Torsion Due to Borderline Mucinous Tumor of the Gonad in a Prepubertal Girl with Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY) and a Turner Phenotype. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:492-495. [PMID: 35045325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome condition characterized by complete or partial loss of the X chromosome. Patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY) and a Turner phenotype are predisposed to gonadoblastoma with malignant transformation. CASE We present the case of a TS patient with 45,X/46,XY with 2 episodes of left adnexal torsion (AT). Biopsies during detorsion showed benign mucinous cystadenoma. Pathology following bilateral gonadectomy revealed a left gonad with mucinous borderline tumor and right gonad with gonadoblastoma, both of which have malignant potential. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Gonadectomy is recommended in XY gonadal dysgenesis to decrease risk of malignant transformation from gonadoblastoma. Although rare in pediatric patients, ovarian malignancies have been identified among AT cases. To our knowledge, we present the first case of AT due to borderline ovarian mucinous tumor of the ovary and contralateral gonadoblastoma in a patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY) and a Turner phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Keenahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Oluyemisi Adeyemi-Fowode
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
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15
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Tielli A, Scala A, Alison M, Vo Chieu VD, Farkas N, Titomanlio L, Lenglart L. Ovarian torsion: diagnosis, surgery, and fertility preservation in the pediatric population. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1405-1411. [PMID: 35094159 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian torsion is rare in the pediatric population. Delayed diagnosis can significantly impact fertility. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up in the pediatric population. Whilst the presentation is often very unspecific, most children will present with sudden severe unilateral pelvic pain associated with vomiting. A key diagnostic test is pelvic ultrasonography, which may help demonstrate an asymmetric enlarged ovary with peripherally displaced follicles. In the pediatric population, ovarian torsion may occur in a normal ovary. However, underlying lesions can be found in half of cases. Benign neoplasms (teratomas or cystic lesions) represent the commonest etiology, with the risk of malignancy being less than 2%. Surgical management should be focused on fertility preservation. This is achievable through ovarian detorsion ± ovarian cystectomy ± oophoropexy to avoid recurrence. Follow-up studies demonstrate excellent recovery rates of detorsed ovaries including those with ischemic appearances. What is Known: • Ovarian torsion is a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population. • Aspecific symptoms and differential diagnoses lead to missed or delayed diagnosis increasing the risk of oophoprectomy and further infertility. What is New: • Reviewing the latest knowledge about clinical presentation, diagnostic, surgical management, and follow-up of ovarian torsion in the pediatric population. • Adiponectin was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR, and chemerin was negatively associated with glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tielli
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Care, APHP - Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, NHS, Guildford, UK
| | - Marianne Alison
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, APHP - Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.,NeuroDiderot, Inserm U1141, Equipe 5 inDev - Imaging Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes, HU I2D2, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Van Dai Vo Chieu
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, APHP - Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Luigi Titomanlio
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Care, APHP - Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serurier, 75019, Paris, France.,Paris University, INSERM U1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France
| | - Léa Lenglart
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Care, APHP - Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serurier, 75019, Paris, France.
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16
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Kurtuluş Ş, Demir B, Aylanç N. Torsion of juvenile granulosa cell ovarian tumor. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2021.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Saberi RA, Gilna GP, Rodriguez C, Quiroz HJ, Urrechaga EM, Cioci AC, Parreco JP, Thorson CM, Sola JE, Perez EA. Ovarian Preservation and Recurrent Torsion in Children: Both Less Common Than We Thought. J Surg Res 2021; 271:67-72. [PMID: 34844056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical management of pediatric ovarian torsion includes total oophorectomy (TO) or ovarian preservation surgery (OPS). This study sought to identify factors contributing to surgical management and readmission outcomes for ovarian torsion. METHODS The Nationwide Readmission Database from 2010-2014 was used to identify patients < 18 years admitted with ovarian torsion. Patient factors, hospital characteristics, and readmission outcomes were compared by TO and OPS. Standard statistical analysis was performed and results were weighted for national estimates. RESULTS There were 6028 patients (age 13 ± 4 years) identified with ovarian torsion who underwent either TO (50%) or OPS (50%). Patients had secondary pathology of ovarian cyst (41%), benign mass (19%), and malignant mass (0.4%). OPS was more common in teaching hospitals (84% vs. 74% TO, P<0.001), patients < 13 years of age (41% vs. 37% TO, P = 0.001), and those from high-income households (51% vs. 41% TO, P<0.001). The overall readmission rate was 4%, with no difference between surgical approach (4.3% OPS vs. 4.4% TO, P = 0.882). Of those readmitted (n = 265), readmission diagnoses were cyst (10%), malignant mass (9%), benign mass (7%), and torsion (5%). The overall rate of recurrent torsion was 0.2%, with no difference between OPS and TO (< 0.3% vs. < 0.2%, P = 0.282). CONCLUSION Half of pediatric patients are undergoing TO for ovarian torsion in the U.S. and disparities exist with the utilization of OPS. There is no difference in rate of readmission or recurrent torsion between surgical approaches, and the overall rate of retorsion is lower than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Saberi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Gareth P Gilna
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cindy Rodriguez
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Hallie J Quiroz
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eva M Urrechaga
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia C Cioci
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua P Parreco
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Memorial Regional Hospital, Hollywood, Florida
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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18
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Spyridakis E, Weidner B, Nguyen CK, Ergun-Longmire B. An adolescent female with a testosterone-secreting ovarian teratoma: a case report. AME Case Rep 2021; 5:33. [PMID: 34805752 DOI: 10.21037/acr-20-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian neoplasms constitute 1% of childhood tumors. The majority of them are teratomas and usually are asymptomatic or present with paraneoplastic syndromes. Our case is a 16-year-old female who presented with chronic abdominal pain, virilization and oligomenorrhea and found to have a complex cystic mass of the left ovary, more likely cystic teratoma on abdomen and pelvis CT. Further work-up revealed significantly elevated serum total and free testosterone. The patient subsequently underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy confirming the radiological findings. Within two week after surgery, serum testosterone normalized and the patient started having regular menstrual cycles. In summary, ovarian teratomas should be include in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain and menstrual abnormalities in female adolescents. Further studies are needed to determine the role of ovarian-sparing surgery in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Spyridakis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Florida, The Studer Family Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Bryan Weidner
- Pediatric Surgery, The Studer Family Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Chi K Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, The Studer Family Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Departmet of Pediatrics, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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19
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Hansen R, Lewis A, Sullivan C, Hirsig L. Juvenile granulosa cell tumor diagnosed in 6-month-old infant with precocious puberty. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:2609-2613. [PMID: 34285730 PMCID: PMC8278142 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor is a rare tumor diagnosed in children, which can present with precocious puberty. We have reported a case of a 6-month-old female patient who presented with precocious puberty. Abdominopelvic imaging revealed a large mixed cystic and solid mass, with internal solid enhancement, and restricted diffusion. At surgery, mass was confirmed to arise from the left ovary, and histopathology confirmed juvenile granulosa cell tumor. We provide a literature review of juvenile granulosa cell tumor and discuss imaging characteristics of this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Austin Lewis
- The College of Medicine at Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christopher Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leslie Hirsig
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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20
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Karavadara D, Davidson JR, Story L, Diab Y, Upadhyaya M. Missed opportunities for ovarian salvage in children: an 8-year review of surgically managed ovarian lesions at a tertiary pediatric surgery centre. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1281-1286. [PMID: 34235545 PMCID: PMC8325645 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aetiology and management of ovarian pathology in children differs between antenatal and postnatal lesions. However, all lesions may present acutely due to adnexal torsion. In this setting, opportunities to preserve fertility with ovary-sparing surgery (OSS) may be missed. Some studies suggest that pediatric and adolescent gynaecology (PAG) input in care is associated with OSS. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of children undergoing surgery for ovarian pathology at a tertiary pediatric surgery centre over an 8-year period (2011-2018). Patient factors, lesion characteristics and PAG involvement were examined for association with OSS using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-five patients with ovarian pathology managed surgically were included. Ten were infants with lesions detected antenatally; all were managed by pediatric surgeons (PS) alone at median age 2 weeks (1 day-25 weeks). Twenty-five patients presented postnatally at median age 11 (0.75-15) years. In total, there were 16 cases of adnexal torsion, each managed primarily by PS. Twelve underwent oophorectomy and six (50%) of these cases had viable ovarian tissue on histology. Furthermore, two infants with large simple cysts were similarly managed by unnecessary oophorectomy based on histology. Overall rate of OSS was 46% and PAG involvement was the only factor associated with ovarian salvage. CONCLUSION Differences in surgical management between PAGs and PS may be attributable to the different patient populations they serve. We recommend improving the knowledge of PS trainees in OSS approaches for adnexal torsion and large benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karavadara
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - J R Davidson
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GOS-UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy, EGA-UCL Institute for Women's Health, London, UK.
| | - L Story
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Diab
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Upadhyaya
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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21
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Lipsett SC, Haines L, Monuteaux MC, Hayes K, Michelson KA. Variation in Oophorectomy Rates for Children with Ovarian Torsion across US Children's Hospitals. J Pediatr 2021; 231:269-272.e1. [PMID: 33340550 PMCID: PMC8005438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this multicenter study of 1783 children diagnosed with ovarian torsion from 2012 to 2017, 402 children (22.5%) underwent oophorectomy. The odds of oophorectomy were higher in children under 11 years of age, children with public insurance, and children with complex chronic conditions. Future efforts should target a preservation-first approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Lipsett
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lalita Haines
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C. Monuteaux
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Hayes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kenneth A. Michelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Lawrence AE, Fallat ME, Hewitt G, Hertweck P, Onwuka A, Afrazi A, Aldrink JH, Bence C, Burns RC, Corkum KS, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Gonzalez DO, Grabowski JE, Kabre R, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Rademacher BL, Raiji MT, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Wright TN, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Factors Associated with Torsion in Pediatric Patients with Ovarian Masses. J Surg Res 2021; 263:110-115. [PMID: 33647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of ovarian torsion has evolved toward ovarian preservation regardless of ovarian appearance during surgery. However, patients with torsion and an ovarian neoplasm undergo a disproportionately high rate of oophorectomy. Our objectives were to identify factors associated with ovarian torsion among females with an ovarian mass and to determine if torsion is associated with malignancy. METHODS A retrospective review of females aged 2-21 y who underwent an operation for an ovarian cyst or neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children's hospitals was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with torsion. Imaging data were assessed for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in identifying ovarian torsion. RESULTS Of 814 girls with an ovarian neoplasm, 180 (22%) had torsion. In risk-adjusted analyses, patients with a younger age, mass size >5 cm, abdominal pain, and vomiting had an increased likelihood of torsion (P < 0.01 for all). Patients with a mass >5 cm had two times the odds of torsion (odds ratio: 2.1; confidence interval: 1.2, 3.6). Imaging was not reliable at identifying torsion (sensitivity 34%, positive predictive value 49%) or excluding torsion (specificity 72%, negative predictive value 87%). The rates of malignancy were lower in those with an ovarian mass and torsion than those without torsion (10% versus 17%, P = 0.01). Among the 180 girls with torsion and a mass, 48% underwent oophorectomy of which 14% (n = 12) had a malignancy. CONCLUSIONS In females with an ovarian neoplasm, torsion is not associated with an increased risk of malignancy and ovarian preservation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Geri Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paige Hertweck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amin Afrazi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kristine S Corkum
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Dani O Gonzalez
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brooks L Rademacher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manish T Raiji
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Tiffany N Wright
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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23
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Vicente AP, Gomes AS, Jokubkiene L, Sladkevicius P. Ovarian borderline tumor presenting as ovarian torsion in a 17-year-old patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:7. [PMID: 33436080 PMCID: PMC7802186 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian torsion is a gynecological surgical emergency whose diagnosis remains a challenge. Torsion occurs most frequently in women of reproductive age. It is usually associated with the presence of benign masses in the ovary, as malignant tumors are less frequent and less prone to undergo torsion. Case presentation We report the case of a 17-year-old Caucasian patient who presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography evaluation revealed a unilateral ovarian lesion, 11.2 cm, with features suspicious for malignancy and torsion. The patient was referred for surgical torsion treatment and underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The pathology report confirmed a serous borderline ovarian tumor with torsion. Conclusions Malignant ovarian torsion in pediatric age groups is rare. Ultrasound examination should be recognized as a powerful tool for diagnosis and management, especially when performed by an experienced ultrasonographer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Vicente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Cascais - Dr. José de Almeida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Sousa Gomes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Cascais - Dr. José de Almeida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ligita Jokubkiene
- Mälmo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Mälmo, Sweden
| | - Povilas Sladkevicius
- Mälmo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Mälmo, Sweden.
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24
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Julania S, Chown I, Gera S, Hunter T. Management of Adnexal Torsion in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population at Western Australia's Single Tertiary Children's Hospital over the Last 10 Years: Retrospective Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 28:1183-1189. [PMID: 32911087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review our institutional data regarding the management of adnexal torsion (AT) and assess the ovarian conservation rates. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS Pediatric and adolescent patients with surgically diagnosed AT. Participants (n = 54, mean age 9.80 ± 3.95 years) were identified between June 2010 and May 2019. INTERVENTIONS Surgical management of AT. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was to determine the ovarian conservation rates in AT cases. The secondary outcomes were to determine the incidence of AT to total emergency department (ED) presentations, decision to operation theater (OT) time in AT cases, return to OT, histopathology, and follow-up with ultrasound to determine ovarian function. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics. Continuous data were compared with t tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests; categoric data were compared with chi-square tests. A total of 52 (96.29%) patients had ovarian conservation, and 53 (98.14%) had laparoscopic management. The incidence rate for AT cases to total ED presentations for the last 10 years was 9.9 per 100 000, which was based on a Poisson distribution. Presentations to an ED for AT cases have trended upward since 2010. Decision to OT time was statistically significantly shorter in cases with preoperative suspicion of AT than those with intraoperative diagnosis of AT (p = .000). A total of 7 (12.96%) patients returned to OT for suspicion of recurrent torsion. Of these, 5 (9.26%) had confirmed repeat AT. The presence of fever, pain duration, severity of pain, and severity of torsion did not correlate with the follow-up ultrasound findings of ovarian activity. CONCLUSION The findings from our study suggest that high ovarian conservation rates are achievable in AT cases. A high index of suspicion is required to prevent a delay in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Julania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital (Dr. Julania), Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ilila Chown
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia (Dr. Chown and Mr. Gera)
| | - Sahil Gera
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia (Dr. Chown and Mr. Gera)
| | - Tamara Hunter
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital (Dr. Hunter), Western Australia, Australia
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Raźnikiewicz A, Korlacki W, Grabowski A. The role of laparoscopy in paediatric and adolescent gynaecology. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 15:424-436. [PMID: 32904632 PMCID: PMC7457195 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.97817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric and adolescent gynaecology is a narrow field of medicine dealing with the diagnosis of and treatment of gynaecological diseases from the neonatal period to sexual maturity. The current trend in surgical gynaecology in the paediatric population is to minimise the degree of invasiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This contributes to reducing the number of complications and the risk of infertility. Laparoscopic procedures are a challenge for paediatric surgeons and gynaecologists, not only because of the age of treated patients, and anatomical and physiological differences between different age groups but also because of the complexity of the pathology, the differentiation of cancer tumours, and the presence of congenital developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Raźnikiewicz
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Korlacki
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grabowski
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Lawrence AE, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Ovarian Masses and Torsion: New Approaches for Ovarian Salvage. Adv Pediatr 2020; 67:113-121. [PMID: 32591055 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Pade KH, Waterhouse MR. Case 4: 1 Month of Constipation and Abdominal Pain in a 2-year-old Girl. Pediatr Rev 2020; 41:369-372. [PMID: 32611803 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Pade
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Marie R Waterhouse
- Department of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Wu WF, Wang ZH, Xiu YL, Xie X, Pan M. Characteristics and surgical invervention of ovarian torsion in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20627. [PMID: 32541500 PMCID: PMC7302645 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the clinical and surgical characteristics of pregnant and nonpregnant women with surgically verified ovarian torsion, as well as the differences among 3 trimesters during pregnancy.We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with surgically proven ovarian torsion in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2018. The clinical characteristics, surgical procedure, pathologic outcomes, and trimesters of pregnancy were analyzed.Thirty-three pregnant and 72 nonpregnant patients diagnosed with surgically proven ovarian torsion were assessed during the study period. The most common presenting symptom in both groups was abdominal pain (90.2% and 99.0%, respectively). The median time from admission to surgery was shorter in pregnant patients than nonpregnant patients (5.3 compared with 47.7 hours, P < .001). Pregnant patients had a higher number of twists than nonpregnant patients (median of 2 compared with 1, P < .01). Benign cyst was the most common cyst causing ovarian torsion in both groups, and luteum cyst was more common in the pregnant group. The mean size of ovarian cyst in pregnant patients was much smaller in the third trimester than the first and the second trimesters (6.6 ± 2.0, 8.4 ± 2.1and 8.1 ± 1.5 cm, respectively; P = .097). Cystectomy performed in the third trimester was more frequent compared with the other 2 trimesters (77.8%, 26.7%, and 22.2%, respectively; P = .021).Abdominal pain is the most common feature of ovarian torsion. Clinical presentation of ovarian torsion is relatively similar between pregnant and nonpregnant women, and among different trimesters. The tumor size was smaller in the third trimester of pregnancy than the other 2 trimesters of pregnancy. Cystectomy performed in pregnant patients is more during the third trimester compared with the other 2 trimesters.
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Raźnikiewicz A, Korlacki W, Grabowski A. Evaluation of the usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of adnexal pathologies in the pediatric population. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 15:366-376. [PMID: 32489499 PMCID: PMC7233164 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.93998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current trend in adnexal surgery in children is to minimize the invasiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, reduce the number of complications and reduce the risk of infertility. AIM Evaluation of the usefulness and effectiveness of laparoscopy in diagnostics and treatment of pathological lesions of adnexa in the pediatric population and evaluation of the correlation of imaging with the intraoperative diagnosis during laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 89 patients aged 0-18 years (mean: 12.62) who underwent an emergency or elective laparoscopic procedure due to the suspicion of adnexa pathology in the imaging tests or in which intraoperative pathology of the adnexa was found without previous suspicion of these changes in the imaging tests. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the procedure (emergency or elective) and into 4 age groups. RESULTS The most frequent postoperative diagnosis was an adnexal cyst and ovarian tumor. The ratio of malignant to benign lesions was 0.087. In 32.58% of patients appendix pathology was found. Coexistence of adnexa and appendix pathology was statistically significantly more frequent in patients undergoing emergency surgery (p = 0.013). There was no correlation between the size of the tumor or ovarian cyst and the occurrence of adnexal torsion, and no correlation between the size of the tumor and the degree of torsion of the adnexa. Three conversions were performed. The average operation time was 63.7 min. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of adnexal pathology seems to be safe due to the low percentage of perioperative complications. It shows high sensitivity in recognizing adnexal pathologies and other defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Raźnikiewicz
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Korlacki
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grabowski
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Ovarian torsion: developing a machine-learned algorithm for diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:706-714. [PMID: 31970456 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian torsion is a common concern in girls presenting to emergency care with pelvic or abdominal pain. The diagnosis is challenging to make accurately and quickly, relying on a combination of physical exam, history and radiologic evaluation. Failure to establish the diagnosis in a timely fashion can result in irreversible ovarian ischemia with implications for future fertility. Ultrasound is the mainstay of evaluation for ovarian torsion in the pediatric population. However, even with a high index of suspicion, imaging features are not pathognomonic. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop an algorithm to aid radiologists in diagnosing ovarian torsion using machine learning from sonographic features and to evaluate the frequency of each sonographic element. MATERIALS AND METHODS All pediatric patients treated for ovarian torsion at a quaternary pediatric hospital over an 11-year period were identified by both an internal radiology database and hospital-based International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) code review. Inclusion criteria were surgical confirmation of ovarian torsion and available imaging. Patients were excluded if the diagnosis could not be confirmed, no imaging was available for review, the ovary was not identified by imaging, or torsion involved other adnexal structures but spared the ovary. Data collection included: patient age; laterality of torsion; bilateral ovarian volumes; torsed ovarian position, i.e. whether medialized with respect to the mid-uterine line; presence or absence of Doppler signal within the torsed ovary; visualization of peripheral follicles; and presence of a mass or cyst, and free peritoneal fluid. Subsequently, we evaluated a non-torsed control cohort from April 2015 to May 2016. This cohort consisted of sequential girls and young adults presenting to the emergency department with abdominopelvic symptoms concerning for ovarian torsion but who were ultimately diagnosed otherwise. These features were then fed into supervised machine learning systems to identify and develop viable decision algorithms. We divided data into training and validation sets and assessed algorithm performance using sub-sets of the validation set. RESULTS We identified 119 torsion-confirmed cases and 331 torsion-absent cases. Of the torsion-confirmed cases, significant imaging differences were evident for girls younger than 1 year; these girls were then excluded from analysis, and 99 pediatric patients older than 1 year were included in our study. Among these 99, all variables demonstrated statistically significant differences between the torsion-confirmed and torsion-absent groups with P-values <0.005. Using any single variable to identify torsion provided only modest detection performance, with areas under the curve (AUC) for medialization, peripheral follicles, and absence of Doppler flow of 0.76±0.16, 0.66±0.14 and 0.82±0.14, respectively. The best decision tree using a combination of variables yielded an AUC of 0.96±0.07 and required knowledge of the presence of intra-ovarian flow, peripheral follicles, the volume of both ovaries, and the presence of cysts or masses. CONCLUSION Based on the largest series of pediatric ovarian torsion in the literature to date, we quantified sonographic features and used machine learning to create an algorithm to identify the presence of ovarian torsion - an algorithm that performs better than simple approaches relying on single features. Although complex combinations using multiple-interaction models provide slightly better performance, a clinically pragmatic decision tree can be employed to detect torsion, providing sensitivity levels of 95±14% and specificity of 92±2%.
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Siviero I, da Silva de Oliveira JT, Forny DN, Méio IB, Bertrand Simões BC, Rezende Penna CR, Antunes Chagas VL. Torsion of Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary in a Preschool Patient: A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e921689. [PMID: 32335578 PMCID: PMC7200090 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.921689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 5-year-old Final Diagnosis: Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary Symptoms: Abdomen distension • abdominal mass • abdominal pain Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Diagnostic tests, surgical treatment and chemotherapy Specialty: Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonete Siviero
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Tobias da Silva de Oliveira
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nunes Forny
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivens Baker Méio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Betina Carla Bertrand Simões
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Renata Rezende Penna
- Imaging Department of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Antunes Chagas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Northridge JL. Adnexal Masses in Adolescents. Pediatr Ann 2020; 49:e183-e187. [PMID: 32275763 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200227-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adnexal masses in adolescents, such as functional cysts, are often benign and can usually be managed expectantly since they typically regress on their own. The most common ovarian neoplasm in adolescents is a benign cystic teratoma. Both functional cysts and benign cystic teratomas are associated with ovarian torsion. Of concern, ovarian torsion requires a high level of suspicion when adolescents present with acute abdominal pain, as almost one-half of cases have no associated adnexal masses. The most common malignant adnexal masses in this age group include germ cell tumors, followed by epithelial cell tumors. Finally, ectopic pregnancy and tubo-ovarian abscesses must be considered in the differential diagnosis of adnexal mass, as delays in treatment may seriously affect an adolescent's health and future fertility. Obtaining an accurate history, including a sexual history, requires reviewing this history with the adolescent privately. Management of adnexal mases should prioritize fertility preservation. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(4):e183-e187.].
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Triarico S, Capozza MA, Mastrangelo S, Attinà G, Maurizi P, Ruggiero A. Gynecological cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYA). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:397. [PMID: 32355841 PMCID: PMC7186636 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) patients with cancer show specific biological, sociodemographic and behavioral features, with lower survival rates than younger group. Gynecologic malignancies that occur among AYA requires a multidisciplinary management and a tailored model of care, in order to enhance the early diagnosis, the adherence to the treatment, the enrollment in clinical trials, the rate of survival and the quality of life (QoL). In this article, we review the main gynecological tumors that may occur in AYA, with a focus on the clinical signs at the diagnosis and the modality of treatment. In addition, we proposed a model of multidisciplinary and personalized care for AYA with gynecological tumors, which can help the clinicians to manage the specific gynecologic concerns, such as ovarian failure, contraception, fertility, late psychosocial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Triarico
- Unità di Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Unità di Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Unità di Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Unità di Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Unità di Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Approaches to the management of pediatric ovarian masses in the 21st century: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:357-368. [PMID: 31706611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy is increasingly being adopted for the treatment of ovarian pathologies in adults. However, its implementation for the management of pediatric ovarian masses varies and the evidence, to date, has not been comprehensively analyzed. This review aims to compare laparoscopic and open surgical management of pediatric ovarian masses. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from the year 2000 till April 2017. Studies selected for this included those on epidemiological trends of pediatric ovarian lesions, assessing outcomes of laparoscopic management and comparison of laparoscopic and open surgical techniques for pediatric ovarian masses. A meta-analysis comparing outcomes of both modalities was performed using standard methodology. RESULTS A total of 44 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 15 were on histological types of ovarian lesions, 24 assessed laparoscopic management only and five compared laparoscopy with open surgery for pediatric ovarian masses. Nonneoplastic lesions were the most common ranging from 36.5% to 73.7%, with cystic lesions being the most prevalent. Neoplastic lesions ranged between 26.3% and 63.5%, with germ cell tumors being the most common, while malignancy ranged between 3.5% and 10.8%. Laparoscopic management was generally advocated for managing benign lesions with a cautious approach for suspicion of malignant lesions. In comparison to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery had shorter operating time (MD = -33.24 min, 95% CI = -34.29 to -32.19, p < 0.0001), less intraop bleeding (MD = - 61.46 ml, 95% CI = -62.69 to -60.24, p < 0.0001), and reduced length of hospital stay (MD = -2.78 days, 95% CI= -2.82 to -2.74, p<0.0001). Complication rates were equivocal between the two approaches. Spillage rates could not be assessed. CONCLUSION Limited evidence suggests that laparoscopic approach to presumptively benign ovarian masses have better outcomes when compared to open surgery with regards to operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However, complication rates were similar between the two approaches. Studies with rigorous scientific methods are needed for a definitive recommendation, especially in resource limiting settings. However malignant lesions should still be managed with an open surgical approach to avoid upstaging of disease status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Guillén G, Martín-Giménez MP, López-Fernández S, Molino JA, López M. Results of Ovarian Sparing Surgery in Pediatric Patients: Is There a Place for Laparoscopy? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30:458-463. [PMID: 32013689 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2019.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopy is widely accepted for the surgical treatment of benign ovarian lesions in adult women, with results similar to an open approach when spillage is avoided by different means such as endobag retrieval. This approach is controversial in children. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study (2009-2018) of all pediatric ovarian tumors with histological confirmation treated in a tertiary center. Data regarding preoperative selection criteria, surgical technique, and follow-up were registered. Laparoscopy was used only in tumors without malignant features and whose size allowed retrieving them through a small incision without morcellating. Emphasis was set in ovarian sparing surgery (OSS), comparing the results of open (OP) and laparoscopic (LPC) approach. Results: During the study period, 48 suspicious lesions in 45 patients were operated. Thirty cases (32 tumors) showed benign features (10 cystadenomas, 14 mature teratomas, 6 nontumor lesions); treatment consisted in oophorectomy in 13 (OP 6, LPC 7) and OSS in 17 (OP 5, LPC 12). There was one conversion in the LPC group. Mean follow-up was 3.44 years (range 0.03-8.84), based on annual ultrasound (US) and tumor markers during at least 5 years, recommending a lifetime follow-up by a gynecologist. There was only one relapse in a laparoscopically enucleated cystadenoma, and 2 patients developed contralateral metacronous teratomas. No procedure-related complications happened. Conclusions: Our series, although small and with a limited follow-up, suggest that laparoscopy could be an option of treatment in a subset of highly selected patients, although laparotomy remains the gold standard approach if malignancy is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guillén
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergio López-Fernández
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Andrés Molino
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel López
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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van Heerden J, Tjalma W. The multidisciplinary approach to ovarian tumours in children and adolescents. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Ovarian neoplasms are rare in children. Although usually asymptomatic, they sometimes present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension or palpable mass. The distribution of neoplasms in the pediatric population is different from in adults; benign mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in children. Radiologists should be familiar with the variable sonographic, CT and MRI findings of ovarian neoplasms. Although the less frequently encountered ovarian malignancies cannot be reliably distinguished by imaging alone, it does play an important role in workup. This review discusses the imaging and relevant clinical manifestations of the more commonly encountered pediatric ovarian neoplasms.
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Kives S, Gascon S, Dubuc É, Van Eyk N. No. 341-Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Torsion in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 39:82-90. [PMID: 28241927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the evidence and provide recommendations on the diagnosis and management of adnexal torsion in children, adolescents, and women. OUTCOMES Elements evaluated include the risk factors, diagnostic accuracy, management options, and outcomes of adnexal torsion. EVIDENCE Published literature was retrieved through searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words ("adnexal torsion," "ovarian torsion"). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. Searches were updated on a regular basis and new material incorporated in the guideline to December 2014. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies. VALUES The evidence obtained was reviewed and evaluated by the Canadian Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology and Obstetrics Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) under the leadership of the principal authors. Recommendations were made according to guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS Guideline implementation should assist the practitioner in developing an optimal approach to the diagnosis and management of adnexal torsion while minimizing harm and improving patient outcomes. VALIDATION These guidelines have been reviewed and approved by the Gynaecology Committee of the SOGC and approved by the council of the SOGC. SPONSOR The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada SUMMARY STATEMENTS: RECOMMENDATIONS.
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Lawrence AE, Gonzalez DO, Fallat ME, Aldrink JH, Hewitt GD, Hertweck SP, Onwuka A, Bence C, Burns RC, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Grabowski JE, Hirschl RB, Kabre R, Kohler JE, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Factors Associated With Management of Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-2537. [PMID: 31164439 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence supports ovary-sparing surgery for benign ovarian neoplasms; however, preoperative risk stratification of pediatric ovarian masses can be difficult. Our objective of this study was to characterize the surgical management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms across 10 children's hospitals and to identify factors that could potentially aid in the preoperative risk stratification of these lesions. METHODS A retrospective review of girls and women aged 2 to 21 years who underwent surgery for an ovarian neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children's hospitals was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the preoperative cohort characteristics, procedure performed, and risk of malignancy. RESULTS Among 819 girls and women undergoing surgery for an ovarian neoplasm, malignant lesions were identified in 11%. The overall oophorectomy rate for benign disease was 33% (range: 15%-49%) across institutions. Oophorectomy for benign lesions was independently associated with provider specialty (P = .002: adult gynecologist, 45%; pediatric surgeon, 32%; pediatric gynecologist, 18%), premenarchal status (P = .02), preoperative suspicion for malignancy (P < .0001), larger lesion size (P < .0001), and presence of solid components (P < .0001). Preoperative findings independently associated with malignancy included increasing size (P < .0001), solid components (P = .003), and age (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The rate of oophorectomy for benign ovarian disease remains high within the pediatric population. Identification of factors associated with the choice of procedure and the risk of malignancy may allow for improved preoperative risk stratification and fewer unnecessary oophorectomies. These results have been used to develop and validate a multidisciplinary preoperative risk stratification algorithm that is currently being studied prospectively across 10 institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Dani O Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Hirschl
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan E Kohler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
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Geimanaite L, Trainavicius K. Pediatric ovarian torsion: Follow- up after preservation of ovarian tissue. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1453-1456. [PMID: 30851955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the preservation of ovarian tissue in cases of ovarian torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed of patients treated at our hospital for ovarian torsion from January 2007 to December 2017. This research does not include patients with antenatal ovarian torsion and 1 girl with an immature teratoma, in whom the twisted ovary was removed during the initial operation. Follow-up ultrasonography of all patients was performed after 4-6 weeks and again after more than 12 weeks. Volume, blood flow and folliculogenesis of the ovary were measured and assessed. RESULTS All 42 ovaries (39 patients) preserved their normal anatomy and folliculogenesis after detorsion. All patients had an enlarged ovary at the time of detorsion. In all cases of ovarian torsion, enlargement of the ovary up to an average of 58.14 ± 52.86 (17.37-86.83) ml was detected. After 4-6 weeks, all untwisted ovaries decreased in volume by an average of 9.01 ± 13.69 (2.33-9.30) times, and 59.5% of them became normal in size. In 3 girls, enlarged ovaries were still observed after 12 weeks. Teratoma was diagnosed for these patients and ovarian sparing operations were performed. CONCLUSIONS It is safe to perform detorsion regardless of the level of ischemia or volume of the affected ovary. The follow-up is essential, especially for the further diagnostics of potential pathological structures or tumors; therefore, the normalization of blood flow and the volume of the ovary must be monitored. TYPE OF STUDY Prognosis retrospective study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Geimanaite
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania; Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kestutis Trainavicius
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania; Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Management of Ovarian Tumors and Adnexal Torsion in Children; How to Save? JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.577708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ovarian Torsion in Premenarchal Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:254-258. [PMID: 30367984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate characteristics that differentiate premenarchal girls with ovarian torsion (OT) from those without OT at the time of surgery. DESIGN Retrospective chart review of 36 premenarchal girls who underwent 42 surgeries for either OT (n = 33) or a nontorsed ovarian mass (n = 9) from 2006 to 2017. SETTING Large, tertiary care academic institution. PARTICIPANTS We included patients aged 0-12 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for torsion of the ovary, adnexa, ovarian pedicle, or fallopian tube. Controls had International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for ovarian mass or cyst, who also underwent surgery and did not have OT. INTERVENTIONS Records were reviewed for patient characteristics including laboratory and imaging studies, surgical intervention, and pathologic diagnosis. Fischer exact test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics predictive of OT in premenarchal girls. RESULTS Twenty-nine premenarchal patients were diagnosed with 33 episodes of OT. Nine patients underwent surgery for ovarian masses but did not have OT. All patients with OT reported abdominal pain (compared with 55.6% without OT; P < .001) and most had nausea and/or emesis (81.8% vs 33.3%; P < .009). Ultrasound findings of ovarian enlargement and decreased Doppler flow were significant in the OT group (P < .083, P < .009). There were 2 cases of malignancy in each group. CONCLUSION Patients with OT had significantly more nausea, emesis, and abdominal pain compared with those without OT. Additionally, 2 of 4 malignancies were found in patients with OT, indicating that malignancy should still be considered with large, complex masses.
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Ovarian masses in the child and adolescent: An American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:369-377. [PMID: 30220452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of ovarian masses in pediatric patients should balance appropriate surgical management with the preservation of future reproductive capability. Preoperative estimation of malignant potential is essential to planning an optimal surgical strategy. METHODS The American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee drafted three consensus-based questions regarding the evaluation and treatment of ovarian masses in pediatric patients. A search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify articles for review. RESULTS Preoperative tumor markers, ultrasound malignancy indices, and the presence or absence of the ovarian crescent sign on imaging can help estimate malignant potential prior to surgical resection. Frozen section also plays a role in operative strategy. Surgical staging is useful for directing chemotherapy and for prognostication. Both unilateral oophorectomy and cystectomy have been used successfully for germ cell and borderline ovarian tumors, although cystectomy may be associated with higher rates of local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Malignant potential of ovarian masses can be estimated preoperatively, and fertility-sparing techniques may be appropriate depending on the type of tumor. This review provides recommendations based on a critical evaluation of recent literature. TYPE OF STUDY Systematic review of level 1-4 studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1-4 (mainly 3-4).
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Adeyemi-Fowode O, Lin EG, Syed F, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Zhu H, Dietrich JE. Adnexal Torsion in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Review of 245 Cases at a Single Institution. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:64-69. [PMID: 30012428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Adnexal torsion (AT) requires urgent surgical intervention to preserve ovarian function. Historically, treatment for AT was oophorectomy because of concerns related to leaving a nonviable ischemic ovary. No published studies support these theoretical concerns and current literature supports conservative management. The aim of this study was to review the institutional outcomes for AT cases, including salvage rates and complications. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This study was approved by the institutional review board at Baylor College of Medicine. A retrospective chart review on cases of AT from 2007 to 2016 at a single Children's hospital was performed on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes. A standardized chart review form was used in data extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute). RESULTS Chart review identified 245 torsion cases in 237 patients. The mean age was 12.4 ± 3.29 years. Of the participants, 230 (94%) underwent minimally invasive laparoscopy with ovarian preservation in 233 (95%) of the cases. There were no complications due to detorsion of the affected adnexa. Intraoperatively, the right adnexa was affected in 134 (55%) cases and a lesion was noted in 193 (79%) cases, most commonly paratubal cysts and mature teratomas. The malignancy rate was low, noted only in 4/245 patients at (1.2%). Pediatric gynecology performed most of the cases (n = 214; 87%). CONCLUSION The findings of our study continue to support the conservative management of patients with AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemisi Adeyemi-Fowode
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Emily G Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fatima Syed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Huirong Zhu
- Outcomes and Impact Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer E Dietrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Bassi A, Czuzoj-Shulman N, Abenhaim HA. Effect of Pregnancy on the Management and Outcomes of Ovarian Torsion: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018; 25:1260-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Braungart S, Craigie RJ, Losty PD. Controversies in the management of ovarian tumours in prepubertal children - A BAPS and UK CCLG Surgeons Cancer Group National Survey. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2231-2234. [PMID: 29395152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No clear treatment and follow-up protocols have been established for prepubertal patients with ovarian tumours. The lack of adequate prospective data in the literature includes all aspects of their management. A significant number of children with ovarian masses present out of hours as a surgical emergency and are initially managed by paediatric surgeons without special interest in surgical oncology. Clear guidance on the management of such tumours is therefore fundamental. We hypothesised that - owing to the lack of clear guidelines - the current approach to prepubertal ovarian tumours amongst paediatric surgeons is highly heterogenous. METHODS An eleven-item multiple choice questionnaire was distributed amongst all BAPS consultant paediatric surgeons in the UK and simultaneously to all paediatric surgical oncology members of the UK Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group in order to survey the management of ovarian masses in children. We aimed to compare the management approaches in both groups. RESULTS 63 consultants participated in the survey; 49% with a special interest in surgical oncology, 48% with different subspecialty interests. The majority of participants (56%) performed 1-5 operations on ovarian tumours per year. Preoperative imaging of choice for the oncology surgeons was US and MRI (77.3%) versus 41.4% in the group of surgeons with different special interests. Surgeons with different special interests were more likely to request Ca125 as a preoperative tumour marker (62.1% vs 32.3%). 19.3% of oncology surgeons, and 27.6% of surgeons with other special interest stated they would never remove an ovarian tumour via the laparoscopic approach. Follow-up practise was highly variable amongst survey participants in both surgeon groups regarding frequency, duration and further investigations during follow-up. Almost 50% of participants follow their patients up according to personal practice protocols. CONCLUSION This first national survey on the management of prepubertal ovarian tumours demonstrates great heterogeneity in the current approach amongst UK paediatric surgeons. Better evidence is needed to formulate clear guidance for the management of such tumours. We propose instigation of a multicentre registry for ovarian tumours to generate prospective data and clarify guidance for the future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE STATEMENT This is a level II evidence study. In itself it is a retrospective study, with the literature review including one large, high-quality prospective cohort study, and further prospective cohort studies of ordinary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Braungart
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ross J Craigie
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul D Losty
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Child Health University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Adeyemi-Fowode O, McCracken KA, Todd NJ. Adnexal Torsion. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:333-338. [PMID: 29653167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adnexal torsion is an uncommon gynecologic disorder caused by the partial or complete rotation of the ovary and/or the fallopian tube on its vascular support. Delay in treatment can impact fertility adversely. The objective of this report is to provide clinical recommendations based on the latest evidence. Specifically we discuss epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and management of adnexal torsion in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemisi Adeyemi-Fowode
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kate A McCracken
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicole J Todd
- Division of General Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lam CZ, Chavhan GB. Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric adnexal masses and mimics. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:1291-1306. [PMID: 30078037 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of adnexal masses in children and adolescents relies on imaging for appropriate diagnosis and management. Pelvic MRI is indicated and adds value for all adnexal masses when surgery is considered or when ultrasound findings are indeterminate. Specifically, features on MR imaging can help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, which not only influences the decision between surgery and conservative treatment, but also the type of surgery to be performed, including potential use of fertility-sparing approaches with minimally invasive techniques. Larger size, younger age, presentation with precocious puberty or virilization, restricted diffusion in a solid mass, and rapid and strong enhancement of solid components are all features concerning for malignancy. In addition, distinctive MR imaging features of adnexal masses, combined with clinical and laboratory biomarkers, might suggest a specific histological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Z Lam
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Govind B Chavhan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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50
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Dasgupta R, Renaud E, Goldin AB, Baird R, Cameron DB, Arnold MA, Diefenbach KA, Gosain A, Grabowski J, Guner YS, Jancelewicz T, Kawaguchi A, Lal DR, Oyetunji TA, Ricca RL, Shelton J, Somme S, Williams RF, Downard CD. Ovarian torsion in pediatric and adolescent patients: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1387-1391. [PMID: 29153467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian torsion in pediatric patients is a rare event and is primarily managed by pediatric general surgeons. Torsion can be treated with detorsion of the ovary or oopherectomy. Oopherectomy is the most common procedure performed by pediatric general surgeons for ovarian torsion. The purpose of this systematic review by the American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee was to examine evidence from the medical literature and provide recommendations regarding the optimal treatment of ovarian torsion. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, six questions were addressed by searching Medline, Cochrane, Embase Central and National clearing house databases using relevant search terms. Risks of ovarian detorsion including thromboembolism and malignancy, indications for oophoropexy, benefits of detorsion including recovery of function and subsequent fertility, and recommended surveillance after detorsion were evaluated. Consensus recommendations were derived for each question based on the best available evidence. RESULTS Ninety-six studies were included. Risks of ovarian detorsion such as thromboembolism and malignancy were reviewed, demonstrating minimal evidence for unknowingly leaving a malignancy behind in the salvaged ovary and no evidence in the literature of thromboembolic events after detorsion of a torsed ovary. There is no clear evidence supporting the benefit of oophoropexy after a single episode of ovarian torsion. The gross appearance of the ovary does not correlate with long-term ovarian viability or function. Pregnancies have occurred in patients after detorsion of an ovary both spontaneously and with harvested oocytes from previously torsed ovaries. The consensus recommendation for imaging surveillance following ovarian detorsion is an ultrasound at 3months postprocedure but sooner if there is a concern for malignancy. CONCLUSION There appears to be overwhelming evidence supporting ovarian detorsion rather than oopherectomy for the management of ovarian torsion in pediatric patients. Ovarian salvage is safe and is the preferred treatment for ovarian torsion. Most salvaged ovaries will maintain viability after detorsion. TYPE OF STUDY Systematic review of level 3-4 studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Elizabeth Renaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Adam B Goldin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Baird
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC
| | | | - Meghan A Arnold
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karen A Diefenbach
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Julia Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yigit S Guner
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Children's Hospital Orange County, University of California Irvine
| | - Tim Jancelewicz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Akemi Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mc Govern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Robert L Ricca
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA
| | - Julia Shelton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Stig Somme
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Regan F Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cynthia D Downard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Hiram C. Polk, Jr, MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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