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Morscher RJ, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Hauser-Kronberger C, Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Kofler B. Combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide and dietary intervention inhibits neuroblastoma growth in a CD1-nu mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17060-73. [PMID: 26959744 PMCID: PMC4941371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYCN-amplification in high-grade Neuroblastoma (NB) tumors correlates with increased vascularization and therapy resistance. This study combines an anti-angiogenic approach with targeting NB metabolism for treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Metronomic cyclophosphamide (MCP) monotherapy significantly inhibited NB growth and prolonged host survival. Growth inhibition was more pronounced in MYCN-amplified xenografts. Immunohistochemical evaluation of this subtype showed significant decrease in blood vessel density and intratumoral hemorrhage accompanied by blood vessel maturation and perivascular fibrosis. Up-regulation of VEGFA was not sufficient to compensate for the effects of the MCP regimen. Reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased caspase-3 cleavage were evident. In contrast non MYCN-amplified tumors developed resistance, which was accompanied by Bcl-2-up-regulation. Combining MCP with a ketogenic diet and/or calorie-restriction significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect. Calorie-restricted ketogenic diet in combination with MCP resulted in tumor regression in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Our data show efficacy of combining an anti-angiogenic cyclophosphamide dosing regimen with dietary intervention in a preclinical NB model. These findings might open a new front in NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Johannes Morscher
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Medical Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - René Günther Feichtinger
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Feichtinger RG, Vidali S, Locker F, Rutherford T, O'Donnel M, Stöger-Kleiber A, Mayr JA, Sperl W, Kofler B. A ketogenic diet supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides enhances the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic efficacy of chemotherapy on neuroblastoma xenografts in a CD1-nu mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64728-64744. [PMID: 29029389 PMCID: PMC5630289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignancy characterized by a marked reduction in aerobic energy metabolism. Recent preclinical data indicate that targeting this metabolic phenotype by a ketogenic diet (KD), especially in combination with calorie restriction, slows tumor growth and enhances metronomic cyclophosphamide (CP) therapy of NB xenografts. Because calorie restriction would be contraindicated in most cancer patients, the aim of the present study was to optimize the KD such that the tumors are sensitized to CP without the need of calorie restriction. In a NB xenograft model, metronomic CP was combined with KDs of different triglyceride compositions and fed to CD1-nu mice ad libitum. Metronomic CP in combination with a KD containing 8-carbon medium-chain triglycerides exerted a robust anti-tumor effect, suppressing growth and causing a significant reduction of tumor blood-vessel density and intratumoral hemorrhage, accompanied by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in NB cells. Furthermore, the KDs caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of essential amino acids, but increased those of serine, glutamine and glycine. Our data suggest that targeting energy metabolism by a modified KD may be considered as part of a multimodal treatment regimen to improve the efficacy of classic anti-NB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Department of Pediatrics, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René Günther Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Department of Pediatrics, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Locker
- Department of Pediatrics, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Maura O'Donnel
- Clinical Nutrition Vitaflo International, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Xu G, Guo Y, Seng Z, Cui G, Qu J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1915-22. [PMID: 26252165 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising gene vehicles for cancer gene therapy. In our previous study, we reported that BMSCs expressing interleukin (IL)-18 effectively inhibit the growth of glioma in rats. In the present study, we further detected the effect of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and interferon (IFN)-β, both of which are immunostimulatory cytokines. BMSCs were genetically engineered to express IL-18 and IFN-β by transfection of recombinant lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Results showed that BMSCs co-expressing the two cytokines displayed more significant inhibition effect on glioma cell growth in vitro when compared with BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Treatment of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and IFN-β significantly prolonged the survival and inhibited tumor growth in a rat intracranial glioma model. Furthermore, these genetically engineered BMSCs remarkably promoted cell apoptosis, antitumor cytokine production and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in intracranial glioma tissues than BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Results of the present study suggested that IL-18 and IFN-β had a synergistic effect on glioma inhibition. Moreover, results provided evidence that delivery of IL-18 and IFN-β by BMSCs may be an excellent and promising approach to develop an effective treatment protocol for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhujiang Hospital, South Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Seng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Guo Y, Wang G, Gao WW, Cheng SW, Wang R, Ju SM, Cao HL, Tian HL. Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells and upregulation of Fas expression using the human interferon-β gene. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2837-40. [PMID: 22938469 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether IFN-β inhibits the growth of human malignant glioma and induces glioma cell apoptosis using the human IFN-β gene transfected into glioma cells. A eukaryonic expression vector (pSV2IFNβ) for IFN-β was transfected into the glioma cell line SHG44 using liposome transfection. Stable transfection and IFN-β expression were confirmed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell apoptosis was also assessed by Hoechst staining and electron microscopy. In vivo experiments were used to establish a SHG44 glioma model in nude mice. Liposomes containing the human IFN-β gene were injected into the SHG44 glioma of nude mice to observe glioma growth and calculate tumor size. Fas expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The IFN-β gene was successfully transfected and expressed in the SHG44 glioma cells in vitro. A significant difference in the number of apoptotic cells was observed between transfected and non- transfected cells. Glioma growth in nude mice was inhibited in vivo, with significant induction of apoptosis. Fas expression was also elevated. The IFN-β gene induces apoptosis in glioma cells, possibly through upregulation of Fas. The IFN-β gene modulation in the Fas pathway and apoptosis in glioma cells may be important for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 6th Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Tivnan A, Orr WS, Gubala V, Nooney R, Williams DE, McDonagh C, Prenter S, Harvey H, Domingo-Fernández R, Bray IM, Piskareva O, Ng CY, Lode HN, Davidoff AM, Stallings RL. Inhibition of neuroblastoma tumor growth by targeted delivery of microRNA-34a using anti-disialoganglioside GD2 coated nanoparticles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38129. [PMID: 22662276 PMCID: PMC3360657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is one of the most challenging malignancies of childhood, being associated with the highest death rate in paediatric oncology, underlining the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Typically, patients with high risk disease undergo an initial remission in response to treatment, followed by disease recurrence that has become refractory to further treatment. Here, we demonstrate the first silica nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of a tumor suppressive, pro-apoptotic microRNA, miR-34a, to neuroblastoma tumors in a murine orthotopic xenograft model. These tumors express high levels of the cell surface antigen disialoganglioside GD2 (GD2), providing a target for tumor-specific delivery. Principal Findings Nanoparticles encapsulating miR-34a and conjugated to a GD2 antibody facilitated tumor-specific delivery following systemic administration into tumor bearing mice, resulted in significantly decreased tumor growth, increased apoptosis and a reduction in vascularisation. We further demonstrate a novel, multi-step molecular mechanism by which miR-34a leads to increased levels of the tissue inhibitor metallopeptidase 2 precursor (TIMP2) protein, accounting for the highly reduced vascularisation noted in miR-34a-treated tumors. Significance These novel findings highlight the potential of anti-GD2-nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of miR-34a for both the treatment of GD2-expressing tumors, and as a basic discovery tool for elucidating biological effects of novel miRNAs on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Tivnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wayne Shannon Orr
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Nooney
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E. Williams
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colette McDonagh
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Prenter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raquel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabella M. Bray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Y. Ng
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew M. Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raymond L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Piña Y, Decatur C, Murray T, Houston S, Gologorsky D, Cavalcante M, Cavalcante L, Hernandez E, Celdran M, Feuer W, Lampidis T. Advanced retinoblastoma treatment: targeting hypoxia by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in LH(BETA)T(AG) retinal tumors. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:337-43. [PMID: 21468343 PMCID: PMC3065577 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the dose response of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, on tumor burden and hypoxia, and study the treatment effect on vasculature in LHBETATAG retinal tumors. Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and follows Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology guidelines. Eighteen-week-old LHBETATAG retinal tumor eyes (n = 30) were evaluated. Mice were divided into five groups and received periocular injections once weekly for two consecutive weeks of: a) 80% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide, vehicle control), b) 0.00333 mg/kg, c) 0.167 mg/kg, d) 3.33 mg/kg, and e) 6.67 mg/kg of rapamycin. Tumor sections were analyzed for hypoxia, tumor burden, and vasculature with immunohistochemistry techniques. Results: Reduction in tumor burden and hypoxia was significantly different between rapamycin doses and control (P < 0.002). Eyes treated with rapamycin at 0.167, 3.33, and 6.67 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in tumor burden in comparison with the vehicle control group (P = 0.019, P = 0.001, P = 0.009, respectively) and the 0.00333 mg/kg dose response (P = 0.023, P = 0.001, P = 0.010, respectively). Eyes treated with rapamycin at 3.33 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in the amount of hypoxia in comparison with the lower concentration groups (0.00333 and 0.167 mg/kg) of rapamycin (P = 0.024 and P = 0.052, respectively). The number of mature vessels was significantly lower in the 3.33 mg/kg treated versus vehicle control (P = 0.015; equal variances assumed, t-test for equality of means). The number of neovessels was not significantly different between both groups (P = 0.092). Conclusion: Inhibition of mTOR was shown to reduce tumor burden, hypoxia, and vasculature in the LHBETATAG retinoblastoma tumor model. Rapamycin may have a role in combination with chemotherapy or other adjuvant therapies to enhance retinoblastoma tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Piña
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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