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Kocic M, Rasic P, Marusic V, Prokic D, Savic D, Milickovic M, Kitic I, Mijovic T, Sarajlija A. Age-specific causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6095-6110. [PMID: 38186684 PMCID: PMC10768410 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i47.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) varies by age, from newborns to adolescents, with some of the causes overlapping between age groups. While particular causes such as vitamin K deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy are limited to specific age groups, occurring only in neonates and infants, others such as erosive esophagitis and gastritis may be identified at all ages. Furthermore, the incidence of UGIB is variable throughout the world and in different hospital settings. In North America and Europe, most UGIBs are non-variceal, associated with erosive esophagitis, gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcers. In recent years, the most common causes in some Middle Eastern and Far Eastern countries are becoming similar to those in Western countries. However, variceal bleeding still predominates in certain parts of the world, especially in South Asia. The most severe hemorrhage arises from variceal bleeding, peptic ulceration, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hematemesis is a credible indicator of a UGI source of bleeding in the majority of patients. Being familiar with the most likely UGIB causes in specific ages and geographic areas is especially important for adequate orientation in clinical settings, the use of proper diagnostic tests, and rapid initiation of the therapy. The fundamental approach to the management of UGIB includes an immediate assessment of severity, detecting possible causes, and providing hemodynamic stability, followed by early endoscopy. Unusual UGIB causes must always be considered when establishing a diagnosis in the pediatric population because some of them are unique to children. Endoscopic techniques are of significant diagnostic value, and combined with medicaments, may be used for the management of acute bleeding. Finally, surgical treatment is reserved for the most severe bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kocic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Petar Rasic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vuk Marusic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragan Prokic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Djordje Savic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Maja Milickovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Kitic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tanja Mijovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Adrijan Sarajlija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Pediatric Day Care Hospital Department, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Sarajevo, Foča 73300, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Singh H, Josan A. An Isolated Perforation of the Fourth Part of the Duodenum Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e33571. [PMID: 36788890 PMCID: PMC9910818 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An isolated perforation of the duodenum is rare in cases of blunt abdominal trauma, and diagnosis is often delayed due to subtle clinical signs. We present the case of a 13-year-old male patient who presented to the hospital with an alleged history of being run over in the abdomen by a vehicle and a complaint of severe abdominal pain. Radiography of the abdomen in the standing position showed air under the diaphragm, and ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the pelvic and peritoneal cavities, clinching the diagnosis of hollow viscus perforation. The patient was resuscitated and underwent an exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia. On exploration, no perforation was found in the intraperitoneal organs. The retroperitoneum was opened, and the Cattell-Braasch maneuver was used to approach the duodenum. A single perforation was discovered in the fourth part, and a modified graham patch repair was done. As soon as the patient's bowel sounds returned, a low-fat diet was started through a nasojejunal tube placed distal to the perforation site. The patient was discharged in good condition and is doing well with regular follow-ups. This case emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for gut perforation of both intra- and retroperitoneal organs after blunt trauma. This will help in early diagnosis and timely management to reduce perforation-associated mortality. Damage control surgery, with primary closure of the perforation, is well-suited and preferred in an emergency and resource-limited setting.
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Alshehri A, Alsinan TA. Perforated duodenal ulcer secondary to deferasirox use in a child successfully managed with laparoscopic drainage: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12775-12780. [PMID: 36579108 PMCID: PMC9791504 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A perforated gastroduodenal ulcer is rarely observed in children. Certain medications have been reported to cause ulcerations. Deferasirox, an iron chelating agent, has been previously reported to be associated with the development of gastroduodenal ulcers.
CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed with beta thalassemia major and treated with deferasirox. He presented to the emergency department with an acute abdomen. A perforated duodenal ulcer was suspected after X-ray imaging and laparoscopic exploration. It was successfully managed with laparoscopic washout and drainage.
CONCLUSION Due to the rarity and severity of this case, it is a reminder that prevention and early recognition of gastrointestinal complications in patients receiving deferasirox are crucial. Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is both safe and feasible to treat perforated duodenal ulcers in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuqa Adil Alsinan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
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Luo Y, He X, Geng L, Ouyang R, Xu Y, Liang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Ye Z, Zou R, Wu Q, Chai C. Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic duodenal rupture in children. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:61. [PMID: 35151250 PMCID: PMC8840068 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment experience of traumatic duodenal ruptures in children. Methods Clinical data were collected from four children suffering from a traumatic duodenal rupture who were admitted to and treated by our hospital from January 2012 to December 2020. The early diagnosis and treatment, surgical plan, postoperative management, complications, and prognosis of each child were analyzed. The key points and difficulties of the diagnosis and treatment for this type of injury are summarized. Results One child had an extreme infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria, which resulted in severe complications, including wound infection, dehiscence, and an intestinal fistula. One child developed an anastomotic stenosis after the duodenostomy, which improved following an endoscopic balloon dilatation. The other two children had no relevant complications after their operations. All four patients were cured and discharged from hospital. The average hospital stay was 48.25 ± 26.89 days. The follow-up period was 0.5 to 1 year. No other complications occurred, and all children had a positive prognosis. Conclusions The early identification of a duodenal rupture is essential, and surgical exploration should be carried out proactively. The principles of damage-control surgery should be followed as much as possible during the operation. Multidisciplinary cooperation and management are both important to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and improve cure rates.
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Tokumaru T, Eifuku R, Sai K, Kurata H, Hata M, Tomioka J. Pediatric blunt abdominal trauma with horizontal duodenal injury in school baseball: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24089. [PMID: 33466171 PMCID: PMC10545394 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pediatric sports injuries, including those from baseball, most often are musculoskeletal injuries and rarely include blunt abdominal injuries. Duodenal injury is rare and often associated with other organ injuries. Because it has a relatively high mortality, early recognition and timely treatment are needed. Here, we report a case of successful treatment of a pediatric patient with duodenal injury incurred in the context of school baseball. PATIENT CONCERNS A 13-year-old boy suffered blunt abdominal trauma and a right-hand injury caused by beating his abdomen strongly with his own right knuckle after he performed a diving catch during a baseball game. On the following day, the abdominal pain had worsened. DIAGNOSES Computed tomography led to a suspicion of injury to the horizontal part of the duodenum. INTERVENTIONS The duodenal injuries were repaired by simple closure. On the 10th post-operative day, an abscess formed in the retroperitoneal cavity because of an occult pancreatic injury. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the cavity was performed. OUTCOMES The post-operative course of the abscess drainage was uneventful. The patient was discharged from our hospital on day 72 after admission and was in good health at the 9-month follow-up. LESSONS Regardless of the type of injury, we must assess the life-threatening conditions that can be expected based on the mechanism of the injury. In duodenal injuries, it is critical to perform surgical procedures and post-operative management based on the assumption of injuries to other organs.
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Goh B, Soundappan SSV. Traumatic duodenal injuries in children: a single-centre study. ANZ J Surg 2020; 91:95-99. [PMID: 33369841 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic duodenal injuries in children are rare, and few studies have documented duodenal injuries in children, especially in Australasia. This study assessed the mechanism, investigations, management and outcomes of children (aged <16 years) with duodenal injuries. METHODS Retrospective review was conducted over a 16-year period from a single paediatric trauma centre. RESULTS Sixteen cases of duodenal injuries were identified: 15 cases of blunt duodenal injury and only one case of penetrating injury. Motor vehicular accidents were the most common cause of injury, followed by auto-pedestrian injuries and handlebar injuries. Only grade I and II injuries were identified. Computed tomography aided diagnosis in all cases of blunt duodenal injuries, especially given the variable nature of symptoms. Eight patients underwent laparotomy, of whom five required duodenal repair. Three patients underwent primary repair with omental patch, one patient underwent primary repair with gastrostomy and one patient underwent two-layered repair with t-tube duodenostomy. There were no delays in operative management within 24 h and no complications identified. CONCLUSION In comparison to other paediatric trauma centres worldwide, the majority of duodenal injuries were low grade and attributed to blunt trauma. Computed tomography aided diagnosis in all cases of blunt duodenal injury. Primary repair of duodenal injuries was possible in the majority of cases requiring operative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Goh
- Department of Surgery, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Park SM, Kwon KH. Conservative management of traumatic acute intramural hematoma of duodenal 2nd and 3rd portion: A case report and review of literature. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2020; 24:109-113. [PMID: 32181439 PMCID: PMC7061041 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2020.24.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic intramural duodenal hematoma (IMDH) is a rare disease occurring usually in children. The treatment modality of traumatic IMDH varies according to clinical manifestations. We had a case of a young man who had traumatic IMDH and treated nonoperatively. He had 3 weeks of conservative care and has been discharged, with follow up abdominal CT scan showing complete resolution of the hematoma. In conclusion, patient with traumatic acute intramural hematoma of duodenal 2nd and 3rd portion have excellent clinical outcomes with conservative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jeong Kim
- Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Mi Park
- Department of Radiology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kuk Hwan Kwon
- Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Coccolini F, Kobayashi L, Kluger Y, Moore EE, Ansaloni L, Biffl W, Leppaniemi A, Augustin G, Reva V, Wani I, Kirkpatrick A, Abu-Zidan F, Cicuttin E, Fraga GP, Ordonez C, Pikoulis E, Sibilla MG, Maier R, Matsumura Y, Masiakos PT, Khokha V, Mefire AC, Ivatury R, Favi F, Manchev V, Sartelli M, Machado F, Matsumoto J, Chiarugi M, Arvieux C, Catena F, Coimbra R. Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2019; 14:56. [PMID: 31867050 PMCID: PMC6907251 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-019-0278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree injuries are rare in both adult and pediatric trauma patients, and due to their anatomical location, associated injuries are very common. Mortality is primarily related to associated injuries, but morbidity remains high even in isolated injuries. Optimal management of duodeno-bilio-pancreatic injuries is dictated primarily by hemodynamic stability, clinical presentation, and grade of injury. Endoscopic and percutaneous interventions have increased the ability to non-operatively manage these injuries. Late diagnosis and treatment are both associated to increased morbidity and mortality. Sequelae of late presentations of pancreatic injury and complications of severe pancreatic trauma are also increasingly addressed endoscopically and with interventional radiology procedures. However, for moderate and severe extrahepatic biliary and severe duodeno-pancreatic injuries, immediate operative intervention is preferred as associated injuries are frequent and commonly present with hemodynamic instability or peritonitis. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) duodenal, pancreatic, and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Coccolini
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leslie Kobayashi
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Luca Ansaloni
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Walt Biffl
- Trauma Surgery Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ari Leppaniemi
- General Surgery Department, Mehilati Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Goran Augustin
- Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktor Reva
- General and Emergency Surgery, Sergei Kirov Military Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Imitiaz Wani
- Department of Surgery, DHS Hospitals, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Andrew Kirkpatrick
- General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Fikri Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Enrico Cicuttin
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Gustavo Pereira Fraga
- Trauma/Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ordonez
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Emmanuil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attiko Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Grazia Sibilla
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ron Maier
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Centre, Seattle, USA
| | - Yosuke Matsumura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peter T. Masiakos
- Pediatric Trauma Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vladimir Khokha
- General Surgery Department, Mozir City Hospital, Mazyr, Belarus
| | - Alain Chichom Mefire
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Rao Ivatury
- General and Trauma Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Francesco Favi
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vassil Manchev
- General and Trauma Surgery Department, Pietermaritzburg Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Fernando Machado
- General and Emergency Surgery Department, Montevideo Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saint-Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Catherine Arvieux
- Clin. Univ. de Chirurgie Digestive et de l’Urgence, CHUGA-CHU Grenoble Alpes, UGA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Department of General Surgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA USA
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Mendoza-Moreno F, Furtado-Lobo I, Pérez-González M, Díez-Gago MDR, Medina-Reinoso C, Díez-Alonso M, Hernández-Merlo F, Noguerales-Fraguas F. Duodenal Rupture after Blunt Abdominal Trauma by Bicycle Handlebar: Case Report and Literature Review. Niger J Surg 2019; 25:213-216. [PMID: 31579380 PMCID: PMC6771178 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_31_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma is most frequent in the pediatric population. Duodenal lesions after abdominal trauma in children are infrequent and tend to be secondary to traffic accidents. It is up to five times more frequent in males, with an average age between 16 and 30 years. Bicycle accidents continue to lead to morbidity and mortality in children, representing between 5% and 14% of total blunt abdominal injuries. The diagnosis of duodenal injuries after trauma is difficult and requires a high index of clinical suspicion. We present the case of a 17-year-old patient seen in the emergency room after falling off his bicycle and presented a blunt trauma in the epigastric region. On physical examination, there was a swelling in the upper right abdominal quadrant and epigastrium with tenderness on deep palpation. He presented with hematemesis without hemodynamic repercussion. A contrast abdominal computed tomography was performed and he was diagnosed with third-part duodenal rupture. A resection of the perforated third-part duodenal rupture was performed, and the transit was reconstructed using a Roux-Y duodenojejunostomy. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 16 days of stay. Duodenal injury is very rare, produced by high-energy trauma. They rarely present as single lesions as other visceral lesions are usually associated. The early diagnosis is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendoza-Moreno
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Furtado-Lobo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-González
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Rocío Díez-Gago
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Medina-Reinoso
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Díez-Alonso
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Merlo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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GÜNEŞ ALİERDAL, Gözeneli O, Akal A, Taşkın A, Sezen H, Güldür ME. Is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Thymoquinone Effective in the Treatment of Blunt Duodenal Injury? An Experimental Study. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.395839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death in children of all ages. The most common site of injury in pediatric patients is the head followed by the extremities and the abdomen. Though less than 10% of admissions to the hospital are secondary to intra-abdominal injuries, mortality related to these injuries is not insignificant. Pancreatic and duodenal trauma occurs in 3 to 12% of the patients with abdominal injuries and can be associated with significant morbidity. The management of pancreatic and duodenal trauma in children is based mostly on adult data, but there is an increasing volume of research on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lesher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Regan Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Duodenal hematoma following EGD: comparison with blunt abdominal trauma-induced duodenal hematoma. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60:69-74. [PMID: 25207477 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal hematoma (DH) is a rare complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with duodenal biopsy and uncommon, but better described following blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). We aimed to describe DH incidence and investigate risk factors for DH development post-EGD and compare its features to those post-BAT. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were searched for the diagnosis of DH from 2000 to 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients 0 to 21 years of age who developed a DH following EGD with biopsy or BAT. Exclusion criteria were DH secondary to any other mechanism, EGD performed at another medical center, and insufficient information in the electronic medical record to determine treatments or outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 post-EGD and 15 post-BAT patients with DH were included in the study. There were 26,905 EGDs with duodenal biopsies performed during the study period, for an incidence of 1:1922 procedures. Thirteen of 14 (93%) post-EGD DH events occurred between 2007 and 2012 (P < 0.001). The proportion of procedures performed under general anesthesia versus moderate sedation, and performed in the supine position versus left lateral decubitus were close to but did not reach statistical significance. DH-related complications and time to hematoma resolution was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS In a 13-year study period, 14 patients developed DH after EGD, for an incidence of 1:1922. Method of sedation and supine positioning of the patient during endoscopy warrant further investigation as potential risks. The clinical course and time to recovery with conservative management are similar between patients with EGD and BAT-induced DH.
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