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Deng Y, Li C, Huang L, Xiong P, Li Y, Liu Y, Li S, Chen W, Yin Q, Li Y, Yang Q, Peng H, Wu S, Wang X, Tong Q, Ouyang H, Hu D, Liu X, Li L, You J, Sun Z, Lu X, Xiao Z, Deng Y, Zhao H. Single-cell landscape of the cellular microenvironment in three different colonic polyp subtypes in children. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1535. [PMID: 38264936 PMCID: PMC10807352 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of colonic polyps in paediatric patients with solitary juvenile polyps (SJPs), polyposis syndrome (PJS) and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) remains limited. METHODS We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) analyses on both normal colonic tissue and different types of colonic polyps obtained from paediatric patients. RESULTS We identified both shared and disease-specific cell subsets and expression patterns that played important roles in shaping the unique cellular microenvironments observed in each polyp subtype. As such, increased myeloid, endothelial and epithelial cells were the most prominent features of SJP, JPS and PJS polyps, respectively. Noticeably, memory B cells were increased, and a cluster of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like colonocytes existed across all polyp subtypes. Abundant neutrophil infiltration was observed in SJP polyps, while CX3CR1hi CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were predominant in SJP and JPS polyps, while GZMAhi natural killer T cells were predominant in PJS polyps. Compared with normal colonic tissues, myeloid cells exhibited specific induction of genes involved in chemotaxis and interferon-related pathways in SJP polyps, whereas fibroblasts in JPS polyps had upregulation of myofiber-associated genes and epithelial cells in PJS polyps exhibited induction of a series of nutrient absorption-related genes. In addition, the TNF-α response was uniformly upregulated in most cell subsets across all polyp subtypes, while endothelial cells and fibroblasts separately showed upregulated cell adhesion and EMT signalling in SJP and JPS polyps. Cell-cell interaction network analysis showed markedly enhanced intercellular communication, such as TNF, VEGF, CXCL and collagen signalling networks, among most cell subsets in polyps, especially SJP and JPS polyps. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen our understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of polyp subtypes and identify potential therapeutic approaches to reduce the recurrence of polyps in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Deng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
- The School of PediatricsHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Canlin Li
- Department of Digestive NutritionHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
- The School of PediatricsHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Peiwen Xiong
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Yana Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Songyang Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of PathologyHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Hongyan Peng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Shuting Wu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Qin Tong
- The School of PediatricsHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaChangshaChina
- Department of Digestive NutritionHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Hongjuan Ouyang
- Department of Digestive NutritionHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Clinical HematologyCollege of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine ScienceArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xinjia Liu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
- The School of PediatricsHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Liping Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Jieyu You
- Department of Digestive NutritionHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Zhiyi Sun
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Xiulan Lu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Zhenghui Xiao
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Emergency MedicineHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Youcai Deng
- Department of Clinical HematologyCollege of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine ScienceArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Digestive NutritionHunan Children's HospitalChangshaChina
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Abdullah Jan S, Ajmal G, Naimatullah Z. Colonoscopic finding in children with lower gastrointestinal complaints. JGH Open 2023; 7:863-868. [PMID: 38162854 PMCID: PMC10757480 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Colonoscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) diseases in both children and adults. This study describes an endoscopic profile of children at the Shinnwari Gastroenterology Diagnostic Clinic in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in children ≤16 years, taken from recorded colonoscopy reports from 1 January 2021 to 30 December 2022. Results Of the 672 colonoscopy procedures, 250 were diagnostic in children (7.41 years median age; 2.5:1 male/female ratio) without serious complications. Abnormal findings were recorded in 201 (81.2%) procedures; the most common presentation was hematochezia, which was higher in 5-8-year-olds. More frequent findings were colorectal polyps (50%), infection (16.4%), internal hemorrhoid (IH; 10%), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 1.2%). Incidences of colorectal polyps were higher in those aged <9 years (37.2% vs 12.8%; P < 0.001). Conversely, internal IH and IBD tended to be higher in older children (aged ≥9 years) (IH: 6.8% vs 3.2%; P < 0.005; IBD: 1.2% vs 0%; P < 0.02). Colonoscopy procedures were completed without major complications. Conclusion Colonoscopy is an important and safe procedure for the diagnosis of LGI compliants, especially hematochezia, which is frequently accompanied by colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghayour Ajmal
- Medical FacultyNangarhar UniversityJalalabadAfghanistan
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Wang Y, Fang L, Huang K, Pan T, Lu H, Yan X. Characteristics and risk factors for colorectal polyps among children in an urban area of Wenzhou, China: a retrospective case control study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:408. [PMID: 37598160 PMCID: PMC10439580 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarce evidence exists on pediatric colorectal polyp risk factors. This study explored the clinical manifestations, morphological and pathological characteristics of, and risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included children who received colonoscopy, divided into a colorectal polyp group and a normal control group based on colonoscopy results. The risk factors for colorectal polyps in children were analyzed through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of children with polyps was 6.77 ± 3.44 years. Polyps were detected predominantly in males (72.9%); hematochezia was the primary clinical manifestation (80.25%). Most polyps were juvenile (88.9%) and solitary (87.7%); 50.6% were located in the rectosigmoid area. Univariate analysis showed that gender (P = 0.037), age (P < 0.001), family aggregation (P < 0.001), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) (P < 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.016), meat intake (P = 0.010), and vegetable intake (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with colorectal polyps. Age ≤ 6 years (3-6 years: OR: 26.601, 95% CI: 3.761-160.910; < 3 years: OR: 22.678, 95% CI: 1.873-274.535), positive family aggregation (OR: 3.540, 95% CI: 1.177-10.643), positive sIgE (OR:2.263, 95% CI: 1.076-4.761), and higher meat intake (OR:1.046, 95% CI: 1.029-1.063) were risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps in logistic regression analysis. Higher vegetable intake (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.986-1.000) was a protective factor against pediatric colorectal polyps. The area under the curve (AUC) of meat intake in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for predicting colorectal polyps was 0.607; the best cut-off value was 92.14 g/d (P = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.527-0.687). The meat and vegetable intake combination AUC in predicting pediatric colorectal polyps was 0.781 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.718-0.845). CONCLUSIONS Juvenile, solitary, and located in the rectosigmoid region polyps are most common in children. Hematochezia is the main clinical manifestation. Most polyps were, but multiple and proximally located polyps were also detected. Age ≤ 6 years, especially 3-6 years, positive family aggregation, positive sIgE, and higher meat intake are risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps. A higher vegetable intake is a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingjuan Fang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO. 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Chen CH, Chen YY, Yen HH. Ultrasound Color Pattern of Colonic Hamartomatous Polyps. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:144-146. [PMID: 37576428 PMCID: PMC10413393 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_161_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic hamartomatous polyps are clinically benign tumors. Colonic hamartomas are polypoid lesions that are rare in adults and most commonly encountered in infants and children. We report an unusual case of giant colonic hamartomatous polyps that were found incidentally during a medical workup for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a 26-year-old woman. We present the color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography scan, and endoscopic pattern of colonic hamartomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medical, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital and Yuan Lin Branch, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Hospitality Management, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Endoscopic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Das SR, Karim ASMB, RukonUzzaman M, Mazumder MW, Alam R, Benzamin M, Marjan P, Sarker MN, Akther H, Mondal M. Juvenile Polyps in Bangladeshi Children and Their Association with Fecal Calprotectin as a Biomarker. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:52-60. [PMID: 35087733 PMCID: PMC8762599 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colonoscopy is considered the most reliable method for the diagnosis of juvenile polyps. However, colonoscopic screening is an invasive and expensive procedure. Fecal calprotectin (FCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation, has been shown to be elevated in patients with polyps. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate FCP as a screening biomarker for the diagnosis of juvenile polyps. METHODS This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For children with polyps, colonoscopic polypectomy and histopathology were performed. FCP levels were analyzed before and 4 weeks after polypectomy in all patients. Information was recorded in a datasheet and analyzed using the computer-based program SPSS. RESULTS The age of the children was between 2.5 and 12 years. Approximately 93% of the polyps were found in the rectosigmoid region. Children with juvenile polyps had elevated levels of FCP before polypectomy that subsequently normalized after polypectomy. The mean FCP levels before and after polypectomy were 277±247 µg/g (range, 80-1,000 µg/g) and 48.57±38.23 µg/g (range, 29-140 µg/g) (p<0.001), respectively. The FCP levels were significantly higher in patients with multiple polyps than in those with single polyps. Moreover, mean FCP levels in patients with single and multiple polyps were 207.6±172.4 µg/ g and 515.4±320.5 µg/g (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Colonic juvenile polyps were found to be associated with elevated levels of FCP that normalized after polypectomy. Therefore, FCP may be recommended as a noninvasive screening biomarker for diagnosis of colonic juvenile polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Rani Das
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Bazlul Karim
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md RukonUzzaman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wahiduzzaman Mazumder
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiyat Alam
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Benzamin
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Parisa Marjan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Naznin Sarker
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hazera Akther
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohuya Mondal
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Patel GS, Grossmann I, Rodriguez K, Soni M, Joshi PK, Patel SC, Shreya D, Zamora DI, Sange I. Acromegaly and the Colon: Scoping Beyond the Pituitary. Cureus 2021; 13:e20018. [PMID: 34987906 PMCID: PMC8716343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a complex endocrinological disorder commonly caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) typically due to pituitary gland tumors. Patients with acromegaly who are successfully treated and biochemically managed have a reasonably average life expectancy. However, it causes a cascade of multi-systemic involvement throughout the patient's life, including cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, metabolic, neurological, neoplastic, and gastrointestinal involvement, resulting in a higher rate of hospitalization, lower quality of life, and a shorter life expectancy. Although cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of death in patients with acromegaly, malignancy is now emerging as a major killer in these individuals. Colorectal carcinoma has been reported to be prevalent in acromegaly individuals. This review article has compiled studies to demonstrate a link between acromegaly and colorectal neoplasia, intending to provide a strong foundation for their clinical relationship. This article has summarised a potential pathogenic mechanism and provided insights into the clinical presentation of such patients. Furthermore, this article has provided a brief overview of current screening recommendations for colorectal neoplasia in acromegaly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautami S Patel
- Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, IND
| | - Idan Grossmann
- Research, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Faculty of Medical Sciences Katowice, Katowice, POL
| | - Kevin Rodriguez
- Research, Universidad Americana (UAM) Facultad de Medicina, Managua, NIC
| | - Mridul Soni
- Research, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College, Mandi, IND
| | - Pranay K Joshi
- Research, Department of Medicine, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | | | - Diana I Zamora
- General Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Andrés Vesalio Guzman, San José, CRI
| | - Ibrahim Sange
- Research, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
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McClanahan A, Palomo P, Burleson A, Denham J, Westmoreland T. Juvenile Retention Polyp in a Teenager. Cureus 2021; 13:e16455. [PMID: 34422485 PMCID: PMC8370183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper management of a prolapsed rectal mass in a child or teenager is challenging. Given that the underlying etiology of a prolapsed rectal mass in this population is not always immediately clear, interdisciplinary assessment is often required. Juvenile polyps, more commonly presenting with bleeding than a prolapsed mass, can mimic the appearance of both hemorrhoids and the rectum itself - making a purely clinical diagnosis difficult. Presented here is a case of a prolapsed colorectal polyp in a teenage boy, who underwent manual reduction of the mass, followed by colonoscopy and endoscopic ligation. Further histological evaluation revealed it to be a juvenile retention polyp. Despite the rarity of polyp prolapse as a presenting symptom, this case underscores the importance of considering colonic polyps as the etiology of a prolapsed anorectal mass in a teenager.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Palomo
- Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
| | - Ana Burleson
- Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
| | - Jolanda Denham
- Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
| | - Tamarah Westmoreland
- Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
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Tan S, Wu X, Wang A, Ying L. Diagnostic challenges in a CMMRD patient with a novel mutation in the PMS2 gene: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:184. [PMID: 34247610 PMCID: PMC8274000 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition, which is caused by biallelic mutations in mismatch repair genes: MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a unique case of an 11-year-old Chinese girl with colorectal polyposis and café-au-lait macules who had no obvious family history of Lynch syndrome-associated tumors, followed by brain gliomas and colorectal carcinoma five years later. The diagnosis of CMMRD was based on gene sequencing analysis showing a homozygous deletion NM_00535.5:c.1577delA (p.Asp526fs) in exon 11 of the PMS2 gene. Although the patient underwent surgery and radiation therapy, and close surveillances including radiological, endoscopic and hematological screening have been recommended, she died of the exacerbation of neurological symptoms at the age of 18. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel homozygous deletion in the PMS2 gene in a CMMRD patient with complex clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Zhang M, Qin LL, Lin H. Sonographic imaging of appendiceal orifice polyps in children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2021; 49:602-604. [PMID: 33675548 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although gastrointestinal polyps are a common disease, appendiceal orifice polyps are rare and usually found incidentally during autopsy or surgery. Data on the sonographic features of appendiceal orifice polyps in children are limited. We describe the sonographic features of appendiceal orifice polyps in two children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
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10
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Tan SS, Wang K, Pang W, Wu D, Peng C, Wang Z, Zhang D, Chen Y. Etiology and surgical management of pediatric acute colon perforation beyond the neonatal stage. BMC Surg 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 33902548 PMCID: PMC8077714 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute colon perforation is a pediatric surgical emergency. We aimed to analyze the different etiologies and clinical characteristics of acute non-traumatic colon perforation beyond the neonatal period and to identify surgical management and outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study included 18 patients admitted with acute colon perforation and who received surgical treatment. RESULTS Age of patients ranged between 1 month and 15 years. Five patients swallowed foreign objects (two swallowed magnets), two had colon perforation secondary to a malignant tumor (both colorectal adenocarcinoma) and two were iatrogenic (one prior colonoscopy, one air enema for intussusception). There was one perforation due to chemotherapy and Amyand's hernia respectively. The remaining seven patients had unknown etiologies; five of them were diagnosed with colitis. Fifteen (83.3 %) patients underwent open laparotomy, among which four attempted laparoscopy first. Three (16.7 %) patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. Fourteen (77.8 %) patients received simple suture repairs and four (22.2 %) received colonic resections and anastomosis. Four (22.2 %) patients received a protective diverting colostomy and three (16.7 %) received an ileostomy. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide range of etiology besides necrotizing enterocolitis and trauma, but a significant portion of children present with unknown etiology. Type of surgery elected should be dependent on the patient's etiology, disease severity and experience of surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Siyin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Zengmeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi St, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China.
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Endoscopic Removal of a Single, Painless, Juvenile Polyp in the Small Intestine Causing Anemia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:491-493. [PMID: 32541199 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile polyps are the most common gastrointestinal polyps in childhood. Typically, they are located in the colon and present with intermittent and painless hematochezia. A few case reports have described juvenile polyps in the small intestine, all presenting as intussusception requiring surgery. We report an isolated juvenile polyp in the small intestine presenting with painless anemia, identified using video capsule endoscopy, and removed via enteroscopy.
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Di Nardo G, Esposito F, Ziparo C, Strisciuglio C, Vassallo F, Di Serafino M, Villa MP, Parisi P, Evangelisti M, Pacchiarotti C, Corleto VD. Faecal calprotectin and ultrasonography as non-invasive screening tools for detecting colorectal polyps in children with sporadic rectal bleeding: a prospective study. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:66. [PMID: 32434534 PMCID: PMC7238517 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal polyps are reported in 6,1% of paediatric colonoscopies and in 12% of those performed for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Although colonoscopy is widely used in paediatric patients, it requires bowel preparation and general anaesthesia or deep sedation, and in rare cases, it can cause complications. Non-invasive screening techniques able to predict polyps in children with isolated and sporadic rectal bleeding may play a key role in the selection of patients needing colonoscopy. Methods We enrolled all children undergoing colonoscopy for isolated and sporadic rectal bleeding to determine the diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin, ultrasonography (US) and digital rectal examination as diagnostic methods for screening colorectal polyps. Results A total of 26 of 59 enrolled patients (44.1%) had colonic polyps, one patient had multiple polyps, and 23% of children had polyps proximal to the splenic flexure. The diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin for detecting colorectal polyps was 96.6%, with a sensitivity of 100%. False-positive faecal calprotectin was shown in 2 patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 77.9%. Polyps not seen with ultrasound tended to be relatively smaller (1.5 vs 2.3, p = 0.001) and located in the rectum. The combined use of FC, US and digital rectal examination obtained a specificity and PPV of 100%. Conclusions FC combined with US and digital rectal examination is a good and promising non-invasive screening test for detecting colorectal polyps in children with isolated and sporadic rectal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Nardo
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ziparo
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Vassallo
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Serafino
- General and Emergency Radiology Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Villa
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Evangelisti
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pacchiarotti
- Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Domenico Corleto
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Wang SL, Rana R, Song WP, He CZ, Gao HJ, Yang CQ. Clinicopathological characteristics of children with intestinal polyp in the Southwest of China. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Polyp Characteristics of Nonsyndromic and Potentially Syndromic Juvenile Polyps: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:668-672. [PMID: 31765335 PMCID: PMC6882539 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile polyps (JPs) are the most common gastrointestinal polyps diagnosed in children. There is paucity of evidence differentiating polyp burden groups and the presence and significance of neoplastic changes. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients, ages birth through 18 years with nonsyndromic JPs was performed from 2003 to 2017. Abstracted data included basic demographics, age, clinical presentation, colonoscopy findings, and pathology report. Slides of polyps with neoplasia were reviewed by a pathologist. RESULTS A total of 213 subjects underwent 326 procedures and 435 polypectomies. Subjects with positive family history, positive gene mutations, or numerous (>10) polyps were excluded. Groups were defined by polyp number (1, 2-4, 5-10). Polyp recurrence on repeat colonoscopy was significantly related to polyp burden (1 polyp: 1.5%/2-4 polyps 19.2%/5-10 polyps 82.6%: P < 0.001). Polyp distribution was significantly different amongst different groups with isolated polyps favoring a distal distribution. JPs harboring adenomatous foci were reported in 26 (12%) patients. JPs harboring adenomatous foci were significantly more likely to be proximally distributed but the presence of adenomatous transformation within the polyps did not correlate with polyp number or the likelihood of polyp recurrence on repeat colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS JP recurrence is positively and significantly related to polyp burden. JP harbored adenomatous changes independent of polyp number, underscoring a possible malignant potential in JPs. In the absence of a consistent genotype or pedigree, the presence of adenomatous transformation within JPs cannot be construed as a biomarker for syndromic juvenile polyposis.
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Wang Y, Wang XM, Jia LQ. Ultrasonography with the colonic segment-approach for colonic polyps in children. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1735-1741. [PMID: 31440886 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography (US) has been widely applied and has validated efficacy in the diagnosis of colonic polyps in children. However, little attention has been paid to improving the detection rate of polyps, optimizing the ultrasonic examination process and reducing misdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic performance of the colonic segment-approach by US in the diagnosis of colonic polyps in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-nine patients who were going to have a colonoscopy from September 2014 to August 2016 were enrolled in this study. All patients received US before colonoscopy. In a preliminary study, 50 patients were chosen to determine the interobserver agreement, with half of the cases with and half of the cases without a colonic segment-approach. The other 109 patients were examined by both approaches. The sensitivity and the specificity of each approach were compared based on the outcome of colonoscopy as the gold criteria. RESULTS The interobserver agreement was high (0.816 for the non-segmental approach, 0.754 for the colonic segment-approach). The diagnostic sensitivity of the colonic segment-approach was higher than that of the traditional approach (82.1% vs. 57.7%, P<0.05) with 89.3% vs. 64.2% detection rate of colonic polyps in the descending colon, 81.8% vs. 60.6% in the sigmoid colon, and 81.3% vs. 43.8% in the rectum, respectively. The specificity of both methods was 100% (95% confidence interval: 86.3%-100%). CONCLUSION The US colonic segment-approach can improve diagnostic sensitivity for colonic polyps as a convenient method with no special requirement for equipment and examination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiao Man Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Li Qun Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
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Diagnostic performance of ultrasound without any colon preparation for detecting colorectal polyps in pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1306-1312. [PMID: 31302736 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound for detecting colorectal polyps in children and young adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, without any colon preparation, for detecting colorectal polyps in pediatric patients and to determine the causes of false-negative results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 74 children with clinical signs like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or diarrhea who underwent both ultrasound and colonoscopy. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for detecting colorectal polyps before colonoscopy, which served as the reference standard. We used Fisher exact and Student's t-tests for statistical analyses. RESULTS Fifteen pediatric patients were diagnosed with colorectal polyps in the transverse (n=3), descending (n=1) and sigmoid (n=6) colon, and rectum (n=5) by colonoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound to detect colorectal polyps were 47% (7/15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21-73%), 100% (59/59, 95% CI 94-100%) and 89% (66/74, 95% CI 80-95%), respectively. The volume (mean ± standard deviation) of polyps not detected by ultrasound was significantly smaller than that detected (270±380 mm3 vs. 4,600±3,900 mm3, P=0.0124). We observed a significant difference in the location between the polyps detected and not detected by ultrasound (rectal/non-rectal=0/7 vs. 5/3, P=0.0256). No significant age or gender difference was observed. CONCLUSION The accuracy for detecting colorectal polyps by ultrasound was 89% (95% CI, 80-95%) in our cohort. Polyps found in the rectum and relatively smaller polyps accounted for several false-negative cases.
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Qu NN, Liu RH, Shi L, Cao XL, Yang YJ, Li J. Sonographic diagnosis of colorectal polyps in children: Diagnostic accuracy and multi-factor combination evaluation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12562. [PMID: 30278557 PMCID: PMC6181612 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in screening colorectal polyps in children and to discuss the necessity of colonic preparation before an ultrasonic examination.In this study, 288 children with colorectal polyps managed at our hospital between January 2007 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were examined before and after basic colon preparation. The colorectal polyps were confirmed by colonoscopy/laparotomy and histopathology. Among all 288 patients, solitary polyps were identified in 278 patients (96.52%), and multiple polyps were identified in 10 patients (43 polyps) (3.48%) by colonoscopy/laparotomy and histopathology.By ultrasonic examination, 264 cases (264/278) were detected as solitary polyp and 9 cases (9/10) as multiple polyps (31 polyps). In 278 solitary polyps, 180 (64.74%) were detected by ultrasonic examination without a colon preparation. Following glycerine enema (10-20 mL) treatment, 264 (94.96%) cases were detected by ultrasonic examination. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography with glycerine enema for the detection of colorectal polyps were 94.96% and 100%, respectively. Colon preparation significantly increased the proportion of polyps identified by ultrasonography (P < .0001), as well as the diagnostic rate of polyps in rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon (P < .05).Ultrasonography can be the primary diagnostic method for screening colorectal polyps in children on the strength of its safety, validity, and accuracy. Basic colon preparation with glycerine enema is recommended for children, which enable the detection of intraluminal lesions before ultrasonic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Qu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Rui-Hua Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Ultrasound Department, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile polyps in the large bowel are rare but the most common type of polyp in children. The prevalence and incidence are unknown, and few studies exist on the occurrence in adults. They are considered not to harbor any malignant potential unless they are part of the hereditary juvenile polyposis syndrome. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the demographics of juvenile polyps in Denmark in a 20-year period from 1995 to 2015 in both adults and children. This is the first report on the occurrence, anatomic localization, and reoccurrence of these polyps in a whole population. DESIGN Data from all of the patients who had been diagnosed with 1 or more juvenile polyp from January 1, 1995, until December 31, 2014, were obtained. SETTINGS The study was conducted based on patients registered in the nationwide pathological register in Denmark, the Danish Pathology Data Bank. PATIENTS We detected a total of 1772 patients who had 2108 juvenile polyps removed (male = 946; female = 826). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We noted the sex, age, number, reoccurrence, and localization of polyps. RESULTS Of the detected juvenile polyps ≈75% were detected in adults and ≈25% in children. Approximately 96% of the patients had a single juvenile polyp without reoccurrence, 1% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for juvenile polyposis syndrome (more than 5 polyps), and 5% had multiple juvenile polyps (2-5 polyps). The incidence in the Danish population can be estimated to be between 1:45,000 and 1:65,000. LIMITATIONS Miscoding or misclassification in the register cannot be ruled out. We only have data for the 20-year period, limiting the evaluation of reoccurrence, and no data for the endoscopic removal procedures. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that juvenile polyps are rare, with the majority found in adults, and most often found as a single juvenile polyp. A subgroup of patients have juvenile polyposis syndrome, which requires follow-up.
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Giant colon polyp in a child with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: US findings. J Ultrasound 2016; 19:53-5. [PMID: 26941874 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-014-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy with a history of diarrhea and rectal bleeding was referred to our department where he underwent ultrasound (US) examination for suspected inflammatory bowel disease. US showed the presence of an echoic oval mass measuring about 30 × 24 mm located at the transition between the transverse and descending colon. It moved with the peristaltic waves and was attached to the intestinal wall through a pedicle. Color Doppler showed intralesional blood flow. On the basis of these findings, the patient was suspected of having a colon polyp. This diagnosis was confirmed at subsequent colonoscopy. The mass was removed using a diathermy snare, and histologic examination revealed hamartomatous polyp measuring 32 mm.
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Value of Fecal Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Juvenile Polyps in Children Investigated With Colonoscopy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:43-6. [PMID: 26147630 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical presentation of colonic juvenile polyps with abdominal discomfort and occult rectal bleedings make them difficult to recognize. The aim of this study was to report the clinical features of colonic juvenile polyps in children referred to colonoscopy and evaluate fecal calprotectin (FCP) as a screening biomarker for their diagnosis. METHODS The study included a total of 266 children (range 3.1-19.0 years, median age 15.8 years) investigated with ileocolonoscopy; of whom, 239 (89%) were investigated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FCPs were analyzed as a marker of colonic inflammation, and levels < 50 mg/kg was considered to be negative. RESULTS Juvenile polyps were detected in 12 (4.5%) children; the remaining 67 (25.2%) had Crohn disease, 57 (21.4%) ulcerative colitis, 5 (1.9%) unclassified IBD, 4 (1.5%) allergic colitis, bleeding source was localized in 6 (2.3%), and 115 (43.2%) had unspecific or normal findings. FCP was available in 203 (76.3%) children before colonoscopy; levels of FCP were higher in children with juvenile polyps (range 28-2287 mg/kg, median 844 mg/kg) compared with those with normal colonoscopies (range < 20-2443 mg/kg, median 130 mg/kg, P < 0.0001), but not compared with those with active IBD (range < 20-7780 mg/kg, median 962 mg/kg, P = 0.6299). FCPs were available in 9 of 12 children after polypectomy, of whom all had their FCP levels significantly reduced (range 0-281 mg/kg, median 49 mg/kg, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Colonic juvenile polyps are frequently found in pediatric patients presenting with hematochezia and elevated FCP levels. Colonic juvenile polyps are difficult to differentiate from pediatric IBD without a colonoscopy.
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Hansraj N, Safta A, Alaish SM. Altered mental status as a presentation of juvenile polyposis syndrome. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastrointestinal polyps are commonly encountered during childhood and are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding in this age group. Most polyps are benign and located in the colon, with the most frequent type being juvenile polyps. However, in older pediatric patients, if multiple polyps are present, in patients who have a positive family history, or if polyps are located outside of the colon, either adenomatous polyps or polyps associated with genetic abnormalities are more common. RECENT FINDINGS Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomographic colonoscopy have recently been utilized to identify simple juvenile colonic polyps in children with rectal bleeding in whom there is a high index of suspicion. Colonoscopy with polypectomy is still required for histologic evaluation and resection of the polyp. There have been significant advances in genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes with onset in childhood or adolescence that may ultimately reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. In addition to enhanced gastrointestinal and extraintestinal malignancy screening for affected individuals, specific gene mutations within a given condition such as adenomatous polyposis coli may predict clinical course and timing of specific interventions such as colectomy. In other conditions such as phosphatase and tensin homolog hamartoma tumor syndrome, phenotype may not be predicted by genotype. SUMMARY Pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, and adult gastroenterologists caring for children should understand how to differentiate benign polyps in the pediatric age group from those associated with a higher risk of complications including recurrence risk and risk of development of intestinal or extraintestinal malignancy. Recent advances in genetic testing, as well as development of consensus guidelines, are key in the identification, screening, and follow-up of children and adolescents with polyposis syndromes.
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Parra-Medina R, Correa PL, Moreno JJ, Lucero PM, Yaspe E, Polo F. Carcinosarcoma with Choriocarcinomatous and Osteosarcomatous Differentiation in a Patient with Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome. Rare Tumors 2015; 7:5778. [PMID: 26500724 PMCID: PMC4600986 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2015.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an infrequent autosomal dominant hereditary predisposition to the occurrence of hamartomatous polyps in the colon and rectum. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy with JPS associated with an abdominal tumor. Histological sections of the abdominal tumor showed components of adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, and choriocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was AE1/AE3, CK7, HCG and SALL4 positive. Juvenile polyposis syndrome patients are at increased risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, we present a case of an adenocarcinoma associated with other unusual components. This association has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Parra-Medina
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de San José , Bogotá, Colombia ; Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia López Correa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de San José , Bogotá, Colombia ; Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud , Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Edgardo Yaspe
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de San José , Bogotá, Colombia ; Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Polo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de San José , Bogotá, Colombia ; Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud , Bogotá, Colombia
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Engelmann G, Quader J, Esser A, Lawrenz K. Giant Pseudopolyp as a Cause of Life-Threatening Anemia and Colocolic Intussusception in an Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jpr-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lei P, Gu F, Hong L, Sun Y, Li M, Wang H, Zhong B, Chen M, Cui Y, Zhang S. Pediatric colonoscopy in South China: a 12-year experience in a tertiary center. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95933. [PMID: 24759776 PMCID: PMC3997494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate: 1) the demographics and clinical characteristics, 2) the findings, and 3) the safety and effectiveness in a cohort of Chinese pediatric patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods The study participants were consecutive patients aged ≤14 years old that underwent their first colonoscopy in the endoscopy center at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University between Jan. 1, 2001 and Dec. 31, 2012. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological findings were collected. Results The cohort consisted of 322 patients, including 218 boys (67.7%) and 104 girls (32.3%). The median age was 8.0 years old and ranged from 9 months to 14 years old. Hematochezia (48.8%) and abdominal pain/discomfort (41.3%) were the most common presentations preceding pediatric colonoscopy. The caecal intubation success rate was 96.3%. No serious complications occurred during the procedures. A total of 227 patients (70.5%) received a positive diagnosis under endoscopy, including 138 patients with polyps and 53 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among the patients with polyps, 71.0% were juvenile polyps. Comparisons between years 2001–2006 and 2007–2012 showed that the IBD detection rate increased significantly (4.6% vs. 22.4%, P<0.001), while the opposite occurred for the polyp detection rate (73.1% vs. 27.6%, P<0.001). Conclusion Colonoscopy in pediatric patients is a safe and effective procedure. Polyps are the primary finding during colonoscopy. In South China there has been an increase in pediatric patients diagnosed with IBD over the past decade. However, a large epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingguang Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Bao'an District Songgang People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gu
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liru Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minrui Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * ; (SZ); (YC)
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * ; (SZ); (YC)
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