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Naiditch JA, Notrica DM, Sayrs LW, Linnaus M, Stottlemyre R, Garcia NM, Lawson KA, Cohen AS, Letton RW, Johnson J, Maxson RT, Eubanks JW, Ryan M, Alder A, Ponsky TA, St Peter SD, Bhatia AM, Leys CM. The use and timing of angioembolization in pediatric blunt liver and spleen injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 96:915-920. [PMID: 38189680 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonoperative management (NOM) is the standard of care for the management of blunt liver and spleen injuries (BLSI) in the stable pediatric patient. Angiography with embolization (AE) is used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of adult BLSI patients, but it is rarely used in the pediatric population. In this planned secondary analysis, we describe the current utilization patterns of AE in the management of pediatric BLSI. METHODS After obtaining IRB approval at each center, cohort data was collected prospectively for children admitted with BLSI confirmed on CT at 10 Level I pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) throughout the United States from April 2013 to January 2016. All patients who underwent angiography with or without embolization for a BLSI were included in this analysis. Data collected included patient demographics, injury details, organ injured and grade of injury, CT finding specifics such as contrast blush, complications, failure of NOM, time to angiography and techniques for embolization. RESULTS Data were collected for 1004 pediatric patients treated for BLSI over the study period, 30 (3.0%) of which underwent angiography with or without embolization for BLSI. Ten of the patients who underwent angiography for BLSI failed NOM. For patients with embolized splenic injuries, splenic salvage was 100%. Four of the nine patients undergoing embolization of the liver ultimately required an operative intervention, but only one patient required hepatorrhaphy and no patient required hepatectomy after AE. Few angiography studies were obtained early during hospitalization for BLSI, with only one patient undergoing angiography within 1 hour of arrival at the PTC, and 7 within 3 hours. CONCLUSION Angioembolization is rarely used in the management of BLSI in pediatric trauma patients with blunt abdominal trauma and is generally used in a delayed fashion. However, when implemented, angioembolization is associated with 100% splenic salvage for splenic injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Naiditch
- From the Pediatric Trauma Center, University of Texas-Austin Dell Medical School (J.A.N., N.M.G., K.A.L.), Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, Texas; Division of Trauma, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Arizona (D.M.N.), Phoenix, Arizona; Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute (L.W.S., M.L., R.S.), Orange, California; Division of Trauma Services, Dallas Children's Medical Center (M.R., A.A.), Dallas, Texas; University of Miami School of Medicine (A.S.C.) Miami; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Healthcare (R.W.L.), Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Surgery (J.J.), Oklahoma Children's Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery (R.T.M.), Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas; Division of Pediatric Surgery (J.W.E.), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatric Surgery (T.A.P.), Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio; Department of General Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital (S.D.S.P.), Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine (A.M.B.), Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (C.M.L.), Madison, Wisconsin
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Dantes G, Meyer CH, Ciampa M, Antoine A, Grise A, Dutreuil VL, He Z, Smith RN, Koganti D, Smith AD. Management of complex pediatric and adolescent liver trauma: adult vs pediatric level 1 trauma centers. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:100. [PMID: 38584250 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Management of high-grade pediatric and adolescent liver trauma can be complex. Studies suggest that variation exists at adult (ATC) vs pediatric trauma centers (PTC); however, there is limited granular comparative data. We sought to describe and compare the management and outcomes of complex pediatric and adolescent liver trauma between a level 1 ATC and two PTCs in a large metropolitan city. METHODS A retrospective review of pediatric and adolescent (age < 21 years) patients with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Grade 4 and 5 liver injuries managed at an ATC and PTCs between 2016 and 2022 was performed. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were obtained at the ATC and PTCs. Primary outcomes included rates of operative management and use of interventional radiology (IR). Secondary outcomes included packed red blood cell (pRBC) utilization, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS One hundred forty-four patients were identified, seventy-five at the ATC and sixty-nine at the PTC. The cohort was predominantly black (65.5%) males (63.5%). Six injuries (8.7%) at the PTC and forty-five (60%) injuries at the ATC were penetrating trauma. Comparing only blunt trauma, ATC patients had higher Injury Severity Score (median 37 vs 26) and ages (20 years vs 9 years). ATC patients were more likely to undergo operative management (26.7% vs 11.0%, p = 0.016) and utilized IR more (51.9% vs 4.8%, p < 0.001) compared to the PTC. The patients managed at the ATC required higher rates of pRBC transfusions though not statistically significant (p = 0.06). There were no differences in mortality, ICU, or hospital LOS. CONCLUSION Our retrospective review of high-grade pediatric and adolescent liver trauma demonstrated higher rates of IR and operating room use at the ATC compared to the PTC in the setting of higher Injury Severity Score and age. While the PTC successfully managed > 95% of Grade 4/5 liver injuries non-operatively, prospective data are needed to determine the optimal algorithm for management in the older adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeto Dantes
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, 3052 Trafalgar Way, Chamblee, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Courtney H Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, 3052 Trafalgar Way, Chamblee, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maeghan Ciampa
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andreya Antoine
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alison Grise
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Valerie L Dutreuil
- Emory Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhulin He
- Emory Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randi N Smith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, 3052 Trafalgar Way, Chamblee, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepika Koganti
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, 3052 Trafalgar Way, Chamblee, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexis D Smith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, 3052 Trafalgar Way, Chamblee, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Svarich VG, Svarich VA. [Hemostasis for central rupture of liver in a child]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2023:115-119. [PMID: 36748879 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2023021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma in children accompanied by liver damage occurs in 18-20% of cases. Endovascular embolization is the most common approach for bleeding following central ruptures of liver. Foreign authors published few case reports devoted to successful embolization for central liver ruptures in children. In Russian-language literature, there is one similar report with complicated postoperative period. We present a child with class II blunt liver injury, marginal rupture and central hematoma. The patients underwent suturing of marginal rupture and endovascular embolization without postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Svarich
- Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - V A Svarich
- Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise in the Republic of Komi, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Marra P, Di Fazio B, Dulcetta L, Carbone FS, Muglia R, Bonaffini PA, Valle C, Corvino F, Giurazza F, Muscogiuri G, Venturini M, Sironi S. Embolization in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review of Indications, Procedures, and Clinical Outcomes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226626. [PMID: 36431102 PMCID: PMC9696500 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Embolization in pediatric patients encompasses a large spectrum of indications, ranging from the elective treatment of congenital diseases of the cardiovascular system to the urgent management of acute hemorrhagic conditions. In particular, the endovascular treatment of central and peripheral vascular malformations and hypervascular tumors represents a wide chapter for both congenital and acquired situations. Thanks to the progressive availability of low-profile endovascular devices and new embolic materials, the mini-invasive approach has gradually overtaken surgery. In this review, the main embolization procedures will be illustrated and discussed, with a focus on clinical indications and expected outcomes. The most recent mini-invasive techniques will be described, with hints on the cutting-edge devices and embolic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marra
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbaro Di Fazio
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-516-5851 or +39-035-267-4359
| | - Ludovico Dulcetta
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Carbone
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Muglia
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pietro Andrea Bonaffini
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Valle
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Corvino
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Giurazza
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Sandro Sironi
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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5
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Liu X, Sun Q, Sun W, Niu Q, Wang Z, Liu C, Fu T, Geng L, Li X. Severe Blunt Liver Injury Complicated by Delayed Massive Hemobilia in a Toddler: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Surg 2022; 9:930581. [PMID: 35874128 PMCID: PMC9304685 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.930581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUnintentional injuries remain a leading cause of disability among children. Although most of the pediatric patients suffering blunt liver injury can be successfully treated with non-operative therapy, the diagnosis and management of delayed life-threatening hemobilia following severe blunt liver injury, especially in the pediatric population, remain a challenge for clinicians.Case PresentationA previously healthy 2-year-old girl suffered a severe blunt liver injury related to an electric bike, which was inadvertently activated by herself. She initially received non-operative therapy and was in a stable condition in the first 2 weeks. On the 16th and 22nd postinjury days, the patient presented with life-threatening massive hemobilia, which was confirmed via repeat emergent gastroscopy and hepatic arterial angiography. An emergency selective transarterial embolization of the involved branch of the left hepatic artery was successfully performed. The patient recovered uneventfully, and long-term follow-up was needed owing to a mild dilatation of the left intrahepatic bile duct.DiscussionIncidental injury in children should be considered as a major public health issue and preventive measures should be taken to reduce its occurrence. Delayed massive hemobilia after severe blunt liver trauma is rare, and its accurate and timely diagnosis via emergency hepatic arterial angiography and selective angioembolization may allow prompt and optimal management to achieve good outcomes in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingliang Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Correspondence: Lei Geng Xiaomei Li
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Correspondence: Lei Geng Xiaomei Li
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Abstract
The management of pediatric liver trauma has evolved significantly over the last few decades. While surgical intervention was frequently and mostly unsuccessfully practiced during the first half of the last century, the 1960s were witness to the birth and gradual acceptance of non-operative management of these injuries. In 2000, the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Trauma Committee disseminated evidenced-based guidelines to help guide the non-operative management of pediatric blunt solid organ injury. The guidelines significantly contributed to conformity in the management of these patients. Since then, a number of well-designed studies have questioned the strict categorization of these injuries and have led to a renewed reliance on clinical signs of the patient's hemodynamic status. In 2019, APSA introduced an updated set of guidelines emphasizing the use of physiologic status rather than radiologic grade as a driver of clinical decision making for these injuries. This review will focus on liver injuries, in particular blunt injury, as this mechanism is by far the most commonly seen in children. Procedures required when non-operative management fails will be detailed, including surgery, angioembolization, and less commonly employed interventions. Finally, the updated inpatient and post-discharge aspects of care will be reviewed, including hemoglobin monitoring, bedrest, length of hospital stay, and activity restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Duron
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, 3959 Broadway, CHN 215, New York, NY 10032.
| | - Steven Stylianos
- Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rudolph N Schullinger Professor of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Surgeon-in-Chief, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, 3959 Broadway - Rm 204 N, New York, NY 10032.
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7
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Zargaran D, Zargaran A, Khan M. Systematic Review of the Management of Retro-Hepatic Inferior Vena Cava Injuries. Open Access Emerg Med 2020; 12:163-171. [PMID: 32617024 PMCID: PMC7326178 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s247380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retro-hepatic inferior vena cava (RHIVC) injuries resulting from blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma are rare but devastating events that remain a considerable challenge to even the most experienced doctors, which continue to carry a considerable mortality. Aim To establish a better understanding of the management of RHIVC injuries and to identify any adjuncts or operative methods that were associated with an increased survival. Methods A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was conducted using Medical Search Headings and exploded keywords and phrases. Studies were screened and subjected to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted in a methodical manner collecting population demographics, morbidity, mortality and operative intervention, where provided. Operative strategies were compared and discussed. Results An initial search identified 483 articles. Following duplicate removal and abstract screening, 85 full-text articles were assessed with 25 meeting the desired criteria and were, therefore, included in the systematic review. Key operative strategies and complications were identified and discussed. Conclusion The wide variety of operative interventions in the management of RHIVC liver injuries described attest to the increased efforts to improve outcomes. The overall improvement in mortality can be noted since the earlier descriptions reported mortality approaching 100% compared to the 52% reported in this review. An algorithm has been proposed based on these findings and our experiences for the management of RHIVC injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zargaran
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mansoor Khan
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
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8
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Coccolini F, Coimbra R, Ordonez C, Kluger Y, Vega F, Moore EE, Biffl W, Peitzman A, Horer T, Abu-Zidan FM, Sartelli M, Fraga GP, Cicuttin E, Ansaloni L, Parra MW, Millán M, DeAngelis N, Inaba K, Velmahos G, Maier R, Khokha V, Sakakushev B, Augustin G, di Saverio S, Pikoulis E, Chirica M, Reva V, Leppaniemi A, Manchev V, Chiarugi M, Damaskos D, Weber D, Parry N, Demetrashvili Z, Civil I, Napolitano L, Corbella D, Catena F. Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15:24. [PMID: 32228707 PMCID: PMC7106618 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injuries represent one of the most frequent life-threatening injuries in trauma patients. In determining the optimal management strategy, the anatomic injury, the hemodynamic status, and the associated injuries should be taken into consideration. Liver trauma approach may require non-operative or operative management with the intent to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiology. The management of liver trauma should be multidisciplinary including trauma surgeons, interventional radiologists, and emergency and ICU physicians. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) liver trauma management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Coccolini
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Riverside University Health System, CECORC Research Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Carlos Ordonez
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Felipe Vega
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Angeles Lomas, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Walt Biffl
- Trauma Surgery Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Peitzman
- Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tal Horer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fikri M Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Gustavo P Fraga
- Trauma/Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Enrico Cicuttin
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Michael W Parra
- Department of Trauma Critical Care, Broward General Level I Trauma Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Mauricio Millán
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nicola DeAngelis
- Unit of Digestive Surgery, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Kenji Inaba
- General and Trauma Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Velmahos
- General and Emergency Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Maier
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Centre, Seattle, USA
| | - Vladimir Khokha
- General Surgery Department, Mozir City Hospital, Mozir, Belarus
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Goran Augustin
- Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Salomone di Saverio
- General and Trauma Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attiko Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mircea Chirica
- Chirurgie Digestive, CHUGA-CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Viktor Reva
- General and Emergency Surgery, Sergei Kirov Military Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ari Leppaniemi
- General Surgery Department, Mehilati Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vassil Manchev
- General and Trauma Surgery Department, Pietermaritzburg Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dieter Weber
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Neil Parry
- General and Trauma Surgery Department, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ian Civil
- Trauma Surgery, Auckland University Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lena Napolitano
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy
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Spijkerman R, Bulthuis LCM, Hesselink L, Nijdam TMP, Leenen LPH, de Bruin IGJM. Management of pediatric blunt abdominal trauma in a Dutch level one trauma center. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 47:1543-1551. [PMID: 32047960 PMCID: PMC8476366 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Most children with intra-abdominal injuries can be managed non-operatively. However, in Europe, there are many different healthcare systems for the treatment of pediatric trauma patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the management strategies and outcomes of all pediatric patients with blunt intra-abdominal injuries in our unique dedicated pediatric trauma center with a pediatric trauma surgeon. Methods We performed a retrospective, single-center, cohort study to investigate the management of pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma. From the National Trauma Registration database, we retrospectively identified pediatric (≤ 18 years) patients with blunt abdominal injuries admitted to the UMCU from January 2012 till January 2018. Results A total of 121 pediatric patients were included in the study. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of patients was 12 (8–16) years, and the median ISS was 16 (9–25). High-grade liver injuries were found in 12 patients. Three patients had a pancreas injury grade V. Furthermore, 2 (1.6%) patients had urethra injuries and 10 (8.2%) hollow viscus injuries were found. Eighteen (14.9%) patients required a laparotomy and 4 (3.3%) patients underwent angiographic embolization. In 6 (5.0%) patients, complications were found and in 4 (3.3%) children intervention was needed for their complication. No mortality was seen in patients treated non-operatively. One patient died in the operative management group. Conclusions In conclusion, it is safe to treat most children with blunt abdominal injuries non-operatively if monitoring is adequate. These decisions should be made by the clinicians operating on these children, who should be an integral part of the entire group of treating physicians. Surgical interventions are only needed in case of hemodynamic instability or specific injuries such as bowel perforation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00068-020-01313-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lauren C M Bulthuis
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lillian Hesselink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M P Nijdam
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivar G J M de Bruin
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Katayama Y, Kitamura T, Hirose T, Kiguchi T, Matsuyama T, Takahashi H, Kiyohara K, Sado J, Adachi S, Noda T, Izawa J, Nakagawa Y, Shimazu T. Pelvic angiography is effective for emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fractures: a propensity-score-matching study with a nationwide trauma registry in Japan. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019; 47:515-521. [PMID: 31119320 PMCID: PMC8016779 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the implementation of pelvic angiography (PA) and outcome in emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fracture. Methods We extracted data on pelvic fracture patients aged ≤ 19 years between 2004 and 2015 from a nationwide trauma registry in Japan. The main outcome was hospital mortality. We assessed the relationship between implementation of PA and hospital mortality using one-to-one propensity-score-matching analysis to reduce potential confounding effects in comparing the PA group with the non-PA group. Results In total, 1351 patients were eligible for our analysis, with 221 patients (16.4%) included in the PA group and 1130 patients (83.6%) included in the non-PA group. For all patients, the proportion of hospital mortality was higher in the PA group than in the non-PA group [13.6% (30/221) vs 7.1% (80/1130), crude odds ratio (OR) 2.062 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.318–3.224); p = 0.002]. In the propensity-score-matched patients, the proportion of hospital mortality was lower in the PA group than in the non-PA group [10.5% (22/200) vs 18.2% (38/200), p = 0.027]. This finding was confirmed in both the multivariable logistic regression model [adjusted OR 0.392 (95% CI, 0.171–0.896); p = 0.026] and the conditional logistic regression model [conditional OR 0.484 (95% CI, 0.261–0.896); p = 0.021]. Conclusion The implementation of PA was significantly associated with lower hospital mortality among emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fractures compared with the non-implementation of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Katayama
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kiguchi
- Kyoto University Health Services, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Hiroko-ji noboru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Sado
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shingo Adachi
- Rinku General Medical Center, Senshu Trauma and Critical Care Center, 2-23 Rinku Orai-kita, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Noda
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Izawa
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakagawa
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Abbas Q, Jamil MT, Haque A, Sayani R. Use of Interventional Radiology in Critically Injured Children Admitted in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Developing Country. Cureus 2019; 11:e3922. [PMID: 30931193 PMCID: PMC6426563 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of the use of interventional radiological procedures (IRP) (angioembolization) in critically injured children. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of all children who underwent an IRP from January 2010 to December 2015 was done. Data were collected on a structured proforma and results are presented as mean with standard deviation and frequency with percentages. Result Eighteen patients were identified who underwent IRP during the study period. The mean age was 10.4 ± 4.3 years and 10 (55%) were males. Ten patients had a road traffic accident, four had a history of fall, one patient had glass cut pelvic injury, and two patients had blunt abdominal trauma, while one patient had bleeding secondary to hemipelvectomy. The genitourinary system was involved in five patients, liver in four, and spleen in two and pancreas in one patient. Bleeding was from branches of internal iliac artery in seven patients, hepatic artery in three patients, splenic artery in two patients, and middle colic artery in one patient, while one patient had blood oozing from the bone after hemi-pelvictomy. Four French vascular access sheath was placed under ultrasound guidance; this was followed by the placement of C1 catheter (Cordis, Miami, FL). After vessel identification, a 2.7F Progreat microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo) was used for super-selective cannulation of the bleeding vessel. Intravascular coil, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, or gel foam was used for the embolization of bleeding vessels. No procedural complications were observed except minor oozing in one patient. One patient expired due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusion Angioembolization is a useful and relatively safe procedure in the management of vitally stable children with hemorrhagic abdominopelvic injuries. However, further studies may be needed to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this practice, especially in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qalab Abbas
- Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Anwar Haque
- Pediatrics, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Raza Sayani
- Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiography is a common treatment used in adults with blunt abdominal trauma and/or severe pelvic fractures. The Committee on Trauma of the American College of Surgeons has recently advocated for this resource to be urgently available at pediatric trauma centers; however, its usefulness in the pediatric setting is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of angiography in the treatment of blunt abdominal trauma among injured children. METHODS An analysis was performed using an established public use data set of children (younger than 18 years) treated at 20 participating trauma centers for blunt torso trauma through the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Patients who underwent angiography of the abdomen or pelvis were identified and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 12,044 children evaluated for blunt abdominal trauma included within the data set, 973 sustained abdominopelvic injuries. Of these, only 26 (3%) underwent angiography. The median age was 14 years, 65% were males, with a mortality rate of 19%. Overall, 29 angiographic procedures were performed: 21 abdominal, 8 pelvic, with 3 patients undergoing both abdominal and pelvic. Eleven patients underwent embolization of a bleeding vessel, all of which were related to the spleen. No hepatic, renal, or pelvic vessels required embolization. The median time to angiography from emergency department evaluation was 7.3 hours. In addition to angiography, 50% also required surgical intervention, of which 31% underwent a laparotomy. Thirty-five percent of these patients required blood product transfusion, and 42% were admitted to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION The emergent use of angiography with embolization is uncommon in pediatric patients with blunt abdominal injuries. The requirement that pediatric trauma centers have access to interventional radiology within 30 minutes may be unnecessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III; therapeutic study, level IV.
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13
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Abstract
In the last decade, higher rates of nonoperative management of liver, spleen, and kidney injuries have been achieved. An algorithmic approach may improve success on a national level. Factors for success include management strategy based on physiologic status of the child, early attempt at resuscitation using blood products, and appropriate use of adjuncts. Shorter hospitalizations are appropriate for children who have not bled significantly, and discharge instructions facilitate the safety of early discharge. Although routine imaging is not required for liver or spleen injury, symptoms should prompt reevaluation. Reimaging of renal injuries remains in common use.
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14
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Koyama T, Skattum J, Engelsen P, Eken T, Gaarder C, Naess PA. Surgical intervention for paediatric liver injuries is almost history - a 12-year cohort from a major Scandinavian trauma centre. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24:139. [PMID: 27899118 PMCID: PMC5129239 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-016-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although nonoperative management (NOM) has become standard care, optimal treatment of liver injuries in children is still challenging since many of these patients have multiple injuries. Moreover, the role of angiography remains poorly defined, and a high index of suspicion of complications is warranted. This study reviews treatment and outcomes in children with liver injuries at a major Scandinavian trauma centre over a 12-year period. Methods Patients <17 years old with liver injury admitted to Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal during the period 2002-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were compiled from the institutional trauma registry and medical records. Results A total of 66 children were included. The majority was severely injured as reflected by a median injury severity score of 20.5 (mean 22.2). NOM was attempted in 60 (90.9%) patients and was successful in 57, resulting in a NOM success rate of 95.0% [95% CI 89.3 to 100]. Only one of the three NOM failures was liver related, occurred in the early part of the study period, and consisted in operative placement of drains for bile leak. Two (3.0%) patients underwent angiographic embolization (AE). Complications occurred in 18 (27.3% [95 % CI 16.2 to 38.3]) patients. Only 2 (3.0%) patients had liver related complications, in both cases bile leak. Six (9.1%) patients underwent therapeutic laparotomy for non-liver related injuries. Two (3.0%) patients died secondary to traumatic brain injury. Discussion This single institution paediatric liver injury cohort confirms high attempted NOM and NOM success rates even in patients with high grade injuries and multiple accompanying injuries. AE can be a useful NOM adjunct in the treatment of paediatric liver injuries, but is seldom indicated. Moreover, bile leak is the most common liver-related complication and the need for liver-related surgery is very infrequent. Conclusion NOM is the treatment of choice in almost all liver injuries in children, with operative management and interventional radiology very infrequently indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Koyama
- Department of Traumatology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jorunn Skattum
- Department of Traumatology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torsten Eken
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Gaarder
- Department of Traumatology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aksel Naess
- Department of Traumatology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Kobayashi T, Kubota M, Arai Y, Ohyama T, Yokota N, Miura K, Ishikawa H, Soma D, Takizawa K, Sakata J, Nagahashi M, Kameyama H, Wakai T. Staged laparotomies based on the damage control principle to treat hemodynamically unstable grade IV blunt hepatic injury in an eight-year-old girl. Surg Case Rep 2016; 2:134. [PMID: 27854071 PMCID: PMC5112224 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-016-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe blunt hepatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Damage control (DC) surgery has been reported to be useful in severely compromised children with hepatic injury. We applied such a technique in the treatment of a case of hemodynamically unstable grade IV blunt hepatic injury in an eight-year-old girl. This case is the first to use multimodal approaches including perihepatic packing, temporary closure of the abdominal wall with a plastic sheet, transarterial embolization (TAE), and planned delayed anatomical hepatic resection in a child. CASE PRESENTATION An eight-year-old girl was run over by a motor vehicle and transferred to the emergency department of the local hospital. Her diagnoses were severe blunt hepatic injury (grade IV) with left femoral trochanteric fracture. No other organ injuries were observed. Because her hemodynamic state was stable under aggressive fluid resuscitation, she was transferred to our hospital for surgical management. On arrival at our institution about 4 h after the injury, her hemodynamic condition became unstable. Abdominal compartment syndrome also became apparent. Because her condition had deteriorated and the lethal triad of low BT, coagulopathy, and acidosis was observed, a DC treatment strategy was selected. First, emergent laparotomy was performed for gauze-packing hemostasis to control intractable bleeding from the liver bed, and the abdomen was temporarily closed with a plastic sheet with continuous negative pressure aspiration. Transarterial embolization of the posterior branch of the right hepatic artery was then carried out immediately after the operation. The lacerated right lobe of the liver was safely resected in a stable hemodynamic condition 2 days after the initial operation. Bleeding from the liver bed ceased without further need of hemostasis. She was transferred to the local hospital without any surgical complications on day 42 after admission. She had returned to her normal life by 3 months after the injury. CONCLUSION The DC strategy was found to be effective even in a pediatric patient with hemodynamically unstable severe blunt hepatic injury. The presence of the deadly triad (hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis) and abdominal compartment syndrome was an indication for DC surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chu-o-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chu-o-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuhki Arai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chu-o-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chu-o-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Yokota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chu-o-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Miura
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Ishikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daiki Soma
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Takizawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kameyama
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonoperative management of pediatric blunt abdominal injury has changed significantly in the last few years. RECENT FINDINGS Improved resource utilization in the diagnosis of pediatric abdominal injury has been described. Hemodynamic status, rather than grade of injury, now guides care. Stable patients spend less time in the hospital, return to school upon discharge, and are allowed lower hemoglobin levels prior to transfusion. ICUs are reserved for those with recent or ongoing bleeding, previously unstable patients, or children with concomitant injuries necessitating ICU. Risk factors for failure and evidence for adjuncts to nonoperative management are emerging. Operative management of certain pancreatic injuries may have more favorable outcomes than nonoperative management. SUMMARY Sufficient evidence has become available to radically change the management of pediatric abdominal injury, which is being incorporated into new evidence-based management algorithms.
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17
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Hepatic and splenic blush on computed tomography in children following blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 81:266-70. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of children with intra-abdominal solid organ injuries has evolved markedly. We describe the current management of children with intra-abdominal solid organ injuries after blunt trauma in a large multicenter network. METHODS We performed a planned secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter observational study of children (<18 years) with blunt torso trauma. We included children with spleen, liver, or kidney injuries identified by computed tomography, laparotomy/laparoscopy, or autopsy. Outcomes included disposition and interventions (blood transfusion for intra-abdominal hemorrhage, angiography, laparotomy/laparoscopy). We performed subanalyses of children with isolated injuries. RESULTS A total of 12,044 children were enrolled; 605 (5.0%) had intra-abdominal solid organ injuries. The mean (SD) age was 10.7 (5.1) years, and injured organs included spleen 299 (49.4%), liver 282 (46.6%), and kidney 147 (24.3%). Intraperitoneal fluid was identified on computed tomography in 461 (76%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 73-80%), and isolated solid organ injuries were present in 418 (69%; 95% CI, 65-73%). Treatment included therapeutic laparotomy in 17 (4.1%), angiographic embolization in 6 (1.4%), and blood transfusion in 46 (11%) patients. Laparotomy rates for isolated injury were 11 (5.4%) of 205 (95% CI, 2.7-9.4%) at non-freestanding children's hospitals and 6 (2.8%) of 213 (95% CI, 1.0-6.0%) at freestanding children's hospitals (difference, 2.6%; 95% CI, -7.1% to 12.2%). Dispositions of the 212 children with isolated Grade I or II organ injuries were home in 6 (3%), emergency department observation in 9 (4%), ward in 114 (54%), intensive care unit in 73 (34%), operating suite in 7 (3%), and transferred in 3 (1%) patients. Intensive care unit admission for isolated Grade I or II injuries varied by center from 9% to 73%. CONCLUSION Most children with solid organ injuries are managed with observation. Blood transfusion, while uncommon, is the most frequent therapeutic intervention; angiographic embolization and laparotomy are uncommon. Emergency department disposition of children with isolated Grade I to II solid organ injuries is highly variable and often differs from published guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III; therapeutic study, level IV.
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20
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Dalton BGA, Dehmer JJ, Gonzalez KW, Shah SR. Blunt Spleen and Liver Trauma. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2015; 4:10-15. [PMID: 31110844 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The spleen and liver are the most common abdominal organs injured. Trauma to either organ can result in life-threatening bleeding. Controversy exists regarding which patients should be imaged and the correct imaging modality depending on the level of clinical suspicion for injury. Nonoperative management of blunt abdominal trauma is the standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients. However, the optimal protocol to maximize patient safety while minimizing resource utilization is a matter of debate. Adjunctive therapies for pediatric spleen and liver trauma are also an area of ongoing research. A review of the current literature on the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of pediatric spleen and liver blunt trauma is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G A Dalton
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Jeff J Dehmer
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Katherine W Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Sohail R Shah
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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21
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Late complications after blunt liver injury in a child: Hemobilia with pseudoaneurysm, hemocholecystitis and biloma. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Fallon SC, Coker MT, Hernandez JA, Pimpalwar SA, Minifee PK, Fishman DS, Nuchtern JG, Naik-Mathuria BJ. Traumatic hepatic artery laceration managed by transarterial embolization in a pediatric patient. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:E9-12. [PMID: 23701809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While blunt abdominal trauma with associated liver injury is a common finding in pediatric trauma patients, hepatic artery transection with subsequent treatment by transarterial embolization has rarely been reported. We present a case of a child who suffered from a hepatic artery injury which was successfully managed by supraselective transarterial microcoil embolization, discuss management strategies in these patients, and provide a review of currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Fallon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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