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Kelam N, Racetin A, Polović M, Benzon B, Ogorevc M, Vukojević K, Glavina Durdov M, Dunatov Huljev A, Kuzmić Prusac I, Čarić D, Raguž F, Kostić S. Aberrations in FGFR1, FGFR2, and RIP5 Expression in Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415537. [PMID: 36555181 PMCID: PMC9779456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal expression patterns of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) candidate genes, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) and Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 5 (RIP5), in human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with CAKUT. Human fetal kidneys from the 22nd to 41st developmental week (duplex, hypoplastic, dysplastic, and controls) were stained with antibodies and analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy and RT-qPCR. The effect of CAKUT candidate genes on kidney nephrogenesis and function is confirmed by statistically significant variations in the spatio-temporal expression patterns of the investigated markers. The nuclear localization of FGFR1, elevated expression score of FGFR1 mRNA, the increased area percentage of FGFR1-positive cells in the kidney cortex, and the overall decrease in the expression after the peak at the 27th developmental week in dysplastic kidneys (DYS), suggest an altered expression pattern and protein function in response to CAKUT pathophysiology. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed a significantly higher FGFR2 mRNA expression score in the CAKUT kidneys compared to the CTRL. This increase could be due to the repair mechanism involving the downstream mediator, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The expression of RIP5 during normal human kidney development was reduced temporarily, due to urine production and increased later since it undertakes additional functions in the maturation of the postnatal kidney and homeostasis, while the expression dynamics in CAKUT-affected kidneys exhibited a decrease in the percentage of RIP5-positive cells during the investigated developmental period. Our findings highlight the importance of FGFR1, FGFR2, and RIP5 as markers in normal and pathological kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Kelam
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Racetin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Polović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ogorevc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Mostar School of Medicine, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-807; Fax: +385-21-557-811
| | | | - Ana Dunatov Huljev
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kuzmić Prusac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Davor Čarić
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital in Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Fila Raguž
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sandra Kostić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
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