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ALSaeedy M, Hasan A, Al-Adhreai A, Alrabie A, Qaba H, Mashrah A, Öncü-Kaya EM. An overview of liquid chromatographic methods for analyzing new generation anti-epileptic drugs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2134146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed ALSaeedy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Albaydha, Albaydha University, Albaydha, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduation School of Health Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Arwa Al-Adhreai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, India
| | - Ali Alrabie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Albaydha, Albaydha University, Albaydha, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, India
| | - Hafsah Qaba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Graduation School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Abdulrahman Mashrah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Sciences-Sakarya, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elif Mine Öncü-Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: An Alternative Approach to Improve Brain Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs through Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071487. [PMID: 35890385 PMCID: PMC9319231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts in discovering new and effective neurotherapeutics are made daily, although most fail to reach clinical trials. The main reason is their poor bioavailability, related to poor aqueous solubility, limited permeability through biological membranes, and the hepatic first-pass metabolism. Nevertheless, crossing the blood–brain barrier is the major drawback associated with brain drug delivery. To overcome it, intranasal administration has become more attractive, in some cases even surpassing the oral route. The unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity allow partial direct drug delivery to the brain, circumventing the blood–brain barrier. Systemic absorption through the nasal cavity also avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism, increasing the systemic bioavailability of highly metabolized entities. Nevertheless, most neurotherapeutics present physicochemical characteristics that require them to be formulated in lipidic nanosystems as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). These are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants that, after aqueous dilution, generate micro or nanoemulsions loading high concentrations of lipophilic drugs. SEDDS should overcome drug precipitation in absorption sites, increase their permeation through absorptive membranes, and enhance the stability of labile drugs against enzymatic activity. Thus, combining the advantages of SEDDS and those of the intranasal route for brain delivery, an increase in drugs’ brain targeting and bioavailability could be expected. This review deeply characterizes SEDDS as a lipidic nanosystem, gathering important information regarding the mechanisms associated with the intranasal delivery of drugs loaded in SEDDS. In the end, in vivo results after SEDDS intranasal or oral administration are discussed, globally revealing their efficacy in comparison with common solutions or suspensions.
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Development and Validation of RP-UHPLC Method for Quantification of Gliclazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using Quality-by-Design (QbD) Approach: A Shifting Paradigm. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ganorkar SB, Chaudhari SR, Bobade PS, Pawar SM, Shirkhedkar AA. HPLC‐PDA Identification and Resolution of Rufinamide Forced Degradation Impurities: A Congregated Chemometric Expedite Optimization Coupled with Factorials & Desirability. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5345. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh B. Ganorkar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Suraj R. Chaudhari
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Preeti S. Bobade
- Department of Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Sagar M. Pawar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
| | - Atul A. Shirkhedkar
- Central Instruments Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur MS India
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Meirinho S, Rodrigues M, Fortuna A, Falcão A, Alves G. Liquid chromatographic methods for determination of the new antiepileptic drugs stiripentol, retigabine, rufinamide and perampanel: A comprehensive and critical review. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:405-421. [PMID: 34513117 PMCID: PMC8424363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel, retigabine, rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types. Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium, a lot of investigations regarding their pharmacological properties are yet to be performed. Besides, considering their broad anticonvulsant activities, an extension of their therapeutic indications may be worthy of investigation, especially regarding other seizure types as well as other central nervous system disorders. Although different liquid chromatographic (LC) methods coupled with ultraviolet, fluorescence, mass or tandem-mass spectrometry detection have already been developed for the determination of perampanel, retigabine, rufinamide and stiripentol, new and more cost-effective methods are yet required. Therefore, this review summarizes the main analytical aspects regarding the liquid chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of perampanel, retigabine (and its main active metabolite), rufinamide and stiripentol in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the physicochemical and stability properties of the target compounds will also be addressed. Thus, this review gathers, for the first time, important background information on LC methods that have been developed and applied for the determination of perampanel, retigabine, rufinamide and stiripentol, which should be considered as a starting point if new (bio)analytical techniques are aimed to be implemented for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meirinho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (UDI-IPG), 6300-654, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
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Hassib ST, Hashem HMA, Mahrouse MA, Mostafa EA. Development and Bio-Analytical Validation of Chromatographic Determination Method of Rufinamide in Presence of its Metabolite in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:458-464. [PMID: 33506266 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rufinamide (RF), antiepileptic drug, is biotransformed to inactive metabolite. Frequent plasma monitoring is required for dose adjustment. This work is concerned with the development and validation of a sensitive and selective RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of RF in spiked human plasma in the presence of its main metabolite. Lacosamide was selected as internal standard. Preparation of plasma samples involved precipitation of plasma proteins using methanol. Isocratic elution mode was applied and the chromatographic separation was performed on Prontosil CN column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm). Good resolution was achieved using acetonitrile: water (10:90, v/v, adjusted with 0.01 N aqueous solution of o-phosphoric acid to pH = 3) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detection was carried out at 210 nm. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.5-50 μg/mL of RF in plasma. Bio-analytical validation of the developed method was carried out in accordance to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. The accuracy ranged from 95.97 to 114.13%, and the coefficient of variation of the assay intra-day and inter-day precision did not exceed 10%. The samples were stable under the employed experimental conditions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed its usefulness for therapeutic drug monitoring, assessment of drug pharmacokinetics and application for bioequivalence study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia T Hassib
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M A Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Quantification and Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Efavirenz in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form using Quality by Design (QbD): A Shifting Paradigm. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:143-156. [PMID: 34021559 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study endeavors quality by design (QbD) assisted chromatographic method for the quantification of Efavirenz (ERZ) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Analytical QbD instigated with assignment of analytical target profile (ATP) and critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Risk assessment studies and factor screening studies facilitate to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs). Optimization was performed by employing 32 full factorial design using identified CMPs i.e., flow rate (X1) and pH of buffer (X2) at three different levels and evaluating selected CAAs i.e., retention time (Y1) and peak area (Y2). The individual and interactive influence of CMPs on CAAs were tested by statistical data and response surface plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that method parameters are significant (P < 0.05). Chromatographic separation was achieved using methanol, 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (70:30 v/v), pH adjusted at 3.1 with 0.05% ortho-phosphoric acid as a mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 mL/min, and a Nucleosil C18 (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 247 nm. The method validation and subsequent stresses degradation studies according to ICH guidelines supported the method to be highly efficient for regular drug analysis and its degradation products. The proposed method was successfully demonstrated QbD based approach for the development of highly sensitive, reliable and suitable for routine analysis, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal C Gurumukhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjaykumar B Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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da Silva JD, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Stability Indicating Methods for Determination of Third Generation Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Related Substances. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1524-1536. [PMID: 33678075 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1890544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The third generation of antiepileptic drugs that have been approved by international regulatory agencies between 2007 and 2018 include rufinamide, stiripentol, eslicarbazepine acetate, lacosamide, perampanel, brivaracetam and everolimus. As part of demonstrating their safety profile, stability indicating methods are developed to monitor these drugs and their impurities. In this context, this review describe some characteristics, impurities and the stability indicating methods used for the determination of these drugs and the presence of their related substances. Through a search in official compendia and scientific articles, fifty-six analytical methodologies were identified up to October 2020. The methodologies were developed using techniques of HPLC, UPLC, HPTLC, GC and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. A majority of the methods (∼70%) employed HPLC-UV. A number of these antiepileptic drugs were found to have had a small number of studies related to their stability and for the detection of impurities. The presentation of the current level of research on third generation antiepileptic drugs highlights the need for new stability and safety studies that are necessary to develop new pharmaceutical products containing these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Domingos da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Hassib ST, Hashem HMA, Mahrouse MA, Mostafa EA. Determination of Rufinamide in the Presence of 1-[(2,6-Difluorophenyl)Methyl]-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4 Carboxylic Acid Using RP-HPLC and Derivative Ratio Methods as Stability Indicating Assays to Be Applied on Dosage Form. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1215-1222. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rufinamide is a triazole derivative that is structurally dissimilar to other marketed antiepileptic drugs, has been assumed a marketing authorization, by the European Union and FDA, for use as a complementary therapy for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Objective
This work is concerned with development of two methods for determination of rufinamide (RUF) in presence of 1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxylic acid as its alkaline degradation product in dosage form.
Methods
The first method was capable of determing RUF in the presence of its alkaline degradation product and in dosage form. Kromasil C8 column and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–water (50:50, v/v) were used and UV detection at 210 nm. In the second method, first derivative ratio spectrophotometry, RUF was determined by measuring peak amplitude at 269.5 nm over 5–30 μg/mL.
Results
The linearity range of RUF was 10–90 μg/mL for HPLC method covering its therapeutic range with r2 = 0.9999. Forced degradation under alkaline conditions was carried out, the degradation product was isolated and its structure was confirmed. Both methods were validated in accordance to ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between obtained results and reported ones.
Conclusion
The present study is useful for therapeutic drug monitoring and routine analysis of RUF in quality control laboratories.
Highlights
Kinetics of the alkaline degradation of RUF was studied by following the concentration of the remaining drug until complete degradation was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia T Hassib
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M A Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Mahamuni BS, Srinivas R, Talluri MK. Characterization of Forced Degradation Products of Rufinamide by LC/QTOF/MS/MS, NMR and IR studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1438315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baira Shandilya Mahamuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - R. Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
- NCMS, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - M.V.N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
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Salunke N, Thipparaboina R, Chavan RB, Lodagekar A, Mittapalli S, Nangia A, Shastri NR. Rufinamide: Crystal structure elucidation and solid state characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gáll Z, Vancea S, Dogaru MT, Szilágyi T. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of rufinamide in low volume plasma samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 940:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khandelwal K, Pachauri SD, Zaidi S, Dwivedi P, Sharma AK, Singh C, Dwivedi AK. Assay method for quality control and stability studies of a new antimalarial agent (CDRI 99/411). J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:335-340. [PMID: 29403836 PMCID: PMC5761009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CDRI compound no. 99/411 is a potent 1,2,4-trioxane antimalarial candidate drug under development at our Institute. An HPLC method for determination of CDRI 99/411 with its starting material and intermediates has been developed and validated for in process quality control and stability studies. The analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. HPLC separation was achieved on a RP-select B Lichrosphere® column (250 mm×4 mm, 5 μm, Merck) using water containing 0.1% glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient elution. The eluents were monitored by a photo diode array detector at 245 and 275 nm. Based on signal to noise ratio of 3 and 10 the LOD of CDRI 99/411 was 0.55 µg/mL, while the LLOQ was 1.05 µg/mL. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1.05-68 µg/mL. Precision of the method was determined by inter- and intra-assay variations within the acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Khandelwal
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shakti Deep Pachauri
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sofia Zaidi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, India
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