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Mu M, Liang X, Zhao N, Chuan D, Chen B, Zhao S, Wang G, Fan R, Zou B, Han B, Guo G. Boosting ferroptosis and microtubule inhibition for antitumor therapy via a carrier-free supermolecule nanoreactor. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:99-109. [PMID: 36816538 PMCID: PMC9937788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional microtubule inhibitors fail to significantly enhance the effect of colorectal cancer; hence, new and efficient strategies are necessary. In this study, a supramolecular nanoreactor (DOC@TA-Fe3+) based on tannic acid (TA), iron ion (Fe3+), and docetaxel (DOC) with microtubule inhibition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition, is prepared for ferroptosis/apoptosis treatment. After internalization by CT26 cells, the DOC@TA-Fe3+ nanoreactor escapes from the lysosomes to release payloads. The subsequent Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion mediated by TA reducibility can trigger the Fenton reaction to enhance the ROS concentration. Additionally, Fe3+ can consume glutathione to repress the activity of GPX4 to induce ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the released DOC controls microtubule dynamics to activate the apoptosis pathway. The superior in vivo antitumor efficacy of DOC@TA-Fe3+ nanoreactor in terms of tumor growth inhibition and improved survival is verified in CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model. Therefore, the nanoreactor can act as an effective apoptosis and ferroptosis inducer for application in colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Di Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China,Corresponding author.
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Retina Compatible Interactions and Effective Modulation of Blood Ocular Barrier P-gp Activity by Third-Generation Inhibitors Improve the Ocular Penetration of Loperamide. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2128-2135. [PMID: 29678592 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to the deeper ocular tissues remains an unresolved conundrum mainly due to the expression of multidrug resistance efflux proteins, besides tight junction proteins, in the blood ocular barriers (BOBs). Hence, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the ability of the third-generation efflux protein inhibitors, elacridar (EQ), and tariquidar (TQ), to diminish P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated efflux transport of loperamide (LOP), a P-gp substrate, across the BOB in Sprague Dawley rats. Initially, Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of P-gp in the iris-ciliary bodies and the retina choroid in the wild type rats. Next, the ocular distribution of LOP, in the presence and absence of EQ/TQ (at 2 doses), was evaluated. The significantly higher aqueous humor/plasma (DAH) and vitreous humor (VH)/plasma (DVH) distribution ratios of LOP in the rats pretreated with EQ or TQ demonstrated effective inhibition of P-gp activity in the BOB. Interestingly, the modulation of P-gp activity by EQ/TQ was more pronounced at the lower dose. The normal functioning and architecture of the retina, as indicated by electroretinography studies, confirmed the cytocompatibility of LOP and EQ/TQ interactions at the doses tested.
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Sawicki E, Verheijen RB, Huitema ADR, van Tellingen O, Schellens JHM, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Steeghs N. Clinical pharmacokinetics of an amorphous solid dispersion tablet of elacridar. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:125-131. [PMID: 27864786 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elacridar is an inhibitor of the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and is a promising absorption enhancer of drugs that are substrates of these drug-efflux transporters. However, elacridar is practically insoluble in water, resulting in low bioavailability which currently limits its clinical application. We evaluated the in vitro dissolution and clinical pharmacokinetics of a novel amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) tablet containing elacridar. The dissolution from ASD tablets was compared to that from a crystalline powder mixture in a USP type II dissolution apparatus. The pharmacokinetics of the ASD tablet were evaluated in an exploratory clinical study at oral doses of 25, 250, or 1000 mg in 12 healthy volunteers. A target Cmax was set at ≥ 200 ng/mL based on previous clinical data. The in vitro dissolution from the ASD tablet was 16.9 ± 3.7 times higher compared to that from a crystalline powder mixture. Cmax and AUC0-∞ increased linearly with dose over the explored range. The target Cmax of ≥ 200 ng/mL was achieved at the 1000-mg dose level. At this dose, the Cmax and AUC0-∞ were 326 ± 67 ng/mL and 13.4 ± 8.6 · 103 ng · h/mL, respectively. In summary, the ASD tablet was well tolerated, resulted in relevant pharmacokinetic exposure, and can be used for proof-of-concept clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sawicki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Remy B Verheijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Preclinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), David de Wied building, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), David de Wied building, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sawicki E, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Nuijen B. Pharmaceutical development of an amorphous solid dispersion formulation of elacridar hydrochloride for proof-of-concept clinical studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:584-594. [PMID: 28010129 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1274901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel tablet formulation containing an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of elacridar hydrochloride was developed with the purpose to resolve the drug's low solubility in water and to conduct proof-of-concept clinical studies. SIGNIFICANCE Elacridar is highly demanded for proof-of-concept clinical trials that study the drug's suitability to boost brain penetration and bioavailability of numerous anticancer agents. Previously, clinical trials with elacridar were performed with a tablet containing elacridar hydrochloride. However, this tablet formulation resulted in poor and unpredictable absorption which was caused by the low aqueous solubility of elacridar hydrochloride. METHODS Twenty four different ASDs were produced and dissolution was compared to crystalline elacridar hydrochloride and a crystalline physical mixture. The formulation with highest dissolution was characterized for amorphicity. Subsequently, a tablet was developed and monitored for chemical/physical stability for 12 months at +15-25 °C, +2-8 °C and -20 °C. RESULTS The ASD powder was composed of freeze dried elacridar hydrochloride-povidone K30-sodium dodecyl sulfate (1:6:1, w/w/w), appeared fully amorphous and resulted in complete dissolution whereas crystalline elacridar hydrochloride resulted in only 1% dissolution. The ASD tablets contained 25 mg elacridar hydrochloride and were stable for at least 12 months at -20 °C. CONCLUSIONS The ASD tablet was considered feasible for proof-of-concept clinical studies and is now used as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sawicki
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - J H M Schellens
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , the Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,c Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , the Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,c Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - B Nuijen
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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