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Chen GY, Luo ML, Chen L, Wang JL, Chai TQ, Wang D, Yang FQ. Selective fluorescence detection of acetylsalicylic acid, succinic acid and ascorbic acid based on a responsive lanthanide metal fluorescent coordination polymer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4981-4994. [PMID: 38973656 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00696h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensor for highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), succinic acid (SA), and ascorbic acid (AA) was reported. The water-soluble fluorescent ligand salicylic acid (Sal) was generated through catalyzing ASA by the hydrolase activity of zeolitic-imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) or natural esterase (Est). The Sal can coordinate with 2-methylimidazole (2-MIm) and Ln(III) to form a fluorescent lanthanide coordination polymer (LCP), which has a fluorescence emission peak with the maximum wavelength at 412 nm (the excitation wavelength at 300 nm). Therefore, the detection of ASA can be achieved through the fluorescence intensity changes of LCPs in the system, which has comparable sensitivity and good selectivity (linear range of 0.031-1.00 mM and LODs of 11.72 and 3.22 μM) as compared to a direct reaction between Est/ZIF-8 and ASA for detecting ASA (linear range of 0.05-1.20 mM and limits of detection (LODs) of 4.43 and 4.58 μM). Furthermore, upon the addition of SA and AA, the fluorescence intensity of the reaction system can be enhanced and weakened through changing the energy resonance transfer pathways and affecting the enzymatic reaction process, respectively, realizing their sensitive and selective fluorescence detection. The established fluorescent sensors can work well in a wide linear range of SA concentrations from 0 to 2.50 mM (Est-based reaction system) and 0 to 1.50 mM (ZIF-8-based reaction system) with the LODs of 0.032 and 0.028 mM, respectively. The linear ranges of AA concentrations are from 0.0078 to 0.25 mM (Est-based reaction system) and 0.0078 to 0.13 mM (ZIF-8-based reaction system) with the LODs of 2.54 and 3.80 μM, respectively. The established sensors were successfully used in the detection of SA in rabbit plasma, with a recovery of 84.0%-98.7%. Additionally, the contents of ASA in Aspirin Enteric-Coated tablets and AA in vitamin C tablets were also determined by the developed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Mao-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Li Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Tong-Qing Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Chen J, Xia F, Ding X, Zhang D. Universal Covalent Grafting Strategy of an Aptamer on a Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Selective Determination of Dopamine In Vivo. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10322-10331. [PMID: 38801718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The chemical information on brain science provided by electrochemical sensors is critical for understanding brain chemistry during physiological and pathological processes. A major challenge is the selectivity of electrochemical sensors in vivo. This work developed a universal covalent grafting strategy of an aptamer on a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE) for selective determination of dopamine in vivo. The universal strategy was proposed by oxidizing poly(tannic acid) (pTA) to form an oxidized state (pTAox) and then coupling a nucleophilic sulfhydryl molecule of the dopamine-binding mercapto-aptamer with the o-quinone moiety of pTAox based on click chemistry for the interfacial functionalization of the CFE surface. It was found that the universal strategy proposed could efficiently graft the aptamer on a glassy carbon electrode, which was verified by using electroactive 6-(ferrocenyl) hexanethiol as a redox reporter. The amperometric method using a fabricated aptasensor for the determination of dopamine was developed. The linear range of the aptasensor for the determination of dopamine was 0.2-20 μM with a sensitivity of 0.09 nA/μM and a limit of detection of 88 nM (S/N = 3). The developed method has high selectivity originating from the specific recognition of the aptamer in concert with the cation-selective action of pTA and could be easily applicable to probe dopamine dynamics in the brain. Furthermore, complex vesicle fusion modes were first observed at the animal level. This work demonstrated that the covalently grafted immobilization strategy proposed is promising and could be extended to the in vivo analysis of other neurochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Fuyun Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
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Niu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L, Guo F, Zhang Y, Wu J. Synthesis of Fe-N doped porous carbon/silicate composites regulated by minerals in coal gasification fine slag for synergistic electrocatalytic treatment of phenolic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118643. [PMID: 38458590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS), as a difficult-to-dispose solid waste in the coal chemical industry, consists of minerals and residual carbon. Due to the aggregate structure of minerals blocking pores and encapsulating active substances, the high-value utilization of CGFS still remains a challenge. Based on the intrinsic characteristics of CGFS, this study synthesized Fe-N doped porous carbon/silicate composites (Fe-NC) by alkali activation and pyrolysis for electrocatalytic degradation of phenolic wastewater. Meanwhile, minerals were utilized to regulate the surface chemical and pore structure, turning their disadvantages into advantages, which caused a sharp increase in m-cresol mineralization. The positive effect of minerals on composite properties was investigated by characterization techniques, electrochemical analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that the mesoporous structure of the mineral-regulated composites was further developed, with more carbon defects and reactive substances on its surface. Most importantly, silicate mediated iron conversion through strong interaction with H2O2, high work function gradient with electroactive iron, and excellent superoxide radical (•O2-) production capacity. It effectively improved the reversibility and kinetics of the entire electrocatalytic reaction. Within the Fe-NC311 electrocatalytic system, the m-cresol removal rate reached 99.55 ± 1.24%, surpassing most reported Fe-N-doped electrocatalysts. In addition, the adsorption and electrooxidation experiment confirmed that the synergistic effect of Fe-N doped porous carbon and silicate simultaneously promoted the capture of pollutants and the transformation of electroactive molecules, and hence effectively shortened the diffusion path of short-lived radicals, which was further supported by molecular dynamics simulation. Therefore, this research provides new insights into the problem of mineral limitations and opens an innovative approach for CGFS recycling and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Fanhui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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Chen J, Li D, Ding X, Zhang D. Sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensing method for the voltammetric determination of dopamine based on AuNPs/PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposites. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108653. [PMID: 38281365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and graphene oxide (GO) as supporting electrolytes and dopants on the electropolymerization process of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated. It was found that the PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposites obtained by a simple one-step electrochemical redox polymerization method using GO as the only supporting electrolyte and dopant possess excellent electrochemical properties. Then, the PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposites were used as electrode substrate to further modify with AuNPs, and an electrochemical aptasensor based on AuNPs/PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposites was successfully constructed for the sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA). Comparison of the cyclic voltammetric response of different neurotransmitters before and after aptamer assembly showed that the aptamer significantly improved the selectivity of the sensor for DA. The low detection limit of 1.0 μM (S/N = 3) indicated the good electrochemical performance of the PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposite film. Moreover, the aptasensor showed good recoveries in 50-fold diluted fetal bovine serum with RSD values all less than 5 % (n = 5), indicating that the PEDOT-ERGO nanocomposites and the electrochemical aptasensor have promising applications in other neurochemicals assay and biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiuting Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Yu AX, Liang XH, Hao CD, Hu XZ, Li JJ, Bo XJ, Du DY, Su ZM. Heterometallic MIL-125(Ti-Al) frameworks for electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6275-6281. [PMID: 38506644 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) is not only of great significance in the areas of biomedicine and neurochemistry but also helpful in disease diagnosis and pathology research. Due to their diverse structures, designability, and large specific surface areas, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently caught considerable attention in the electrochemical field. Herein, a family of heterometallic MOFs with amino modification, MIL-125(Ti-Al)-xNH2 (x = 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), were synthesized and employed as electrochemical sensors for the detection of AA, DA, and UA. Among them, MIL-125(Ti-Al)-75%NH2 exhibited the most promising electrochemical behavior with 40% doping of carbon black in 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7.10), which displayed individual detection performance with wide linear detection ranges (1.0-6.5 mM for AA, 5-100 μM for DA and 5-120 μM for UA) and low limits of detection (0.215 mM for AA, 0.086 μM for DA, and 0.876 μM for UA, S/N = 3). Furthermore, the as-prepared MIL-125(Ti-Al)-75%NH2/GCE provided a promising platform for future application in real sample analysis, owing to its excellent anti-interference performance and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xuan Yu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Huan Liang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Cun-Di Hao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Hu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Jie Bo
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Dong-Ying Du
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
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Wang MP, Li HH, Wu T, Xiao SJ, Liu GZ, Zhang L. Photosensitized covalent organic framework as a light-induced oxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of uric acid. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4713. [PMID: 38515291 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
As large numbers of people are suffering from gout, an accurate, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of gout biomarker, uric acid, is important for its effective control, diagnosis, and therapy. Although colorimetric detection methods based on uricase have been considered, they still have limitations as they produce toxic H2O2 and are expensive and not stable. Here, a novel uricase-free colorimetric method was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of uric acid based on the light-induced oxidase-mimicking activity of a new photosensitized covalent organic framework (COF) (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile-4-[2-(4-formylphenyl)ethynyl]benzaldehyde COF [DCTP-EDA COF]). DCTP-EDA COF has a strong ability to harvest visible light, and it could catalyze the oxidation of 1,4-dioxane, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine under visible light irradiation to produce obvious color changes. With the addition of uric acid, however, the significant inhibition of the oxidase-mimicking activity of DCTP-EDA COF remarkably faded the color, and thus uric acid could be colorimetrically detected in the range of 2.0-150 μM with a limit of detection of 0.62 μM (3σ/K). Moreover, the present colorimetric method exhibited high selectivity; uric acid level in serum samples was successfully determined, and the recoveries ranged from 96.5% to 105.64%, suggesting the high accuracy of the present colorimetric method, which demonstrates great promise in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Han Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Sai Jin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Guang Zhou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wei S, Tang Q, Hu X, Ouyang W, Shao H, Li J, Yan H, Chen Y, Liu L. Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Visual Detection of Pathogens Based on Cation Dye-Triggered Gold Nanoparticle Electrokinetic Agglutination Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:325-336. [PMID: 38214583 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid prescribing of the right antibiotic is the key to treat infectious diseases and decelerate the challenge of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Herein, by targeting the 16S rRNA of bacteria, we developed a cation dye-triggered electrokinetic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) agglutination (CD-TEAA) method, which is rapid, visual, ultrasensitive, culture-independent, and low in cost. The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 1 CFU mL-1 Escherichia coli. The infection identifications of aseptic fluid samples (n = 11) and urine samples with a clinically suspected urinary tract infection (UTI, n = 78) were accomplished within 50 and 30 min for each sample, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of UTI urine samples was achieved within 2.5 h. In ROC analysis of urine, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 96% for infection identification, and 100 and 98% for AST, respectively. Moreover, the overall cost of materials for each test is about US$0.69. Therefore, the CD-TEAA method is a superior approach to existing, time-consuming, and expensive methods, especially in less developed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wei
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qing Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huaze Shao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong Yan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yao J, Jin Z, Zhao Y. Electroactive and SERS-Active Ag@Cu 2O NP-Programed Aptasensor for Dual-Mode Detection of Tetrodotoxin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10240-10249. [PMID: 36749896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual-mode nanotags with noninterference sensing signals improved the detection accuracy and sensitivity for the applications of tetrodotoxin (TTX) monitoring. Electroactive and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active Ag@Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated and displayed two electrooxidation signals at -0.13 and 0.17 V, attributed to the oxidization process of Cu+ and Ag0, respectively. Ag@Cu2O NPs were also found to exhibit stronger SERS performances than individual Ag NPs. The dielectric Cu2O shell with a large dielectric constant inhibited the attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) waves of Ag NPs, which strengthened the EM fields for SERS enhancement. The electron transfer from Ag to Cu2O to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) also contributed to the SERS performances. Ag@Cu2O NPs were modified by TTX aptamers and assembled with MXene nanosheets (NSs) due to the large surface, good conductivity, and inherent Raman properties. The assemblies showed two-peaked electrooxidation signals and prominent SERS activity. An electrochemical detection curve was established by using the total peak intensity at -0.13 and 0.17 V as detection signals, and a ratiometric SERS detection curve was developed by applying the intensity at 1078 cm-1 (4-ATP) as the detection signal and 730 cm-1 (MXene NSs) as the reference signal. An electrochemical and SERS signal-programed dual-mode aptasensor was proposed for accurate TTX detection, with the limits of detection of 31.6 pg/mL for the electrochemical signal and 38.3 pg/mL for the SERS signal. The rational design of plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterogeneous nanocomposites had important prospects in establishing a multimodal biosensing platform for the quantitative and accurate detection of analytes in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Facile Gold-Nanoparticle Boosted Graphene Sensor Fabrication Enhanced Biochemical Signal Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081327. [PMID: 35458034 PMCID: PMC9033081 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been considered as an excellent biochemical sensors’ substrate material because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. Most of these sensors have employed enzymes, antibodies, antigens, and other biomolecules with corresponding recognition ability as recognition elements, to convert chemical signals into electrical signals. However, oxidoreductase enzymes that grow on graphene surfaces are affected significantly by the environment and are easily inactivated, which hinders the further improvement of detection sensitivity and robusticity. A gold-boosted graphene sensor was fabricated by the in situ electrochemical deposition of inorganic gold nanoparticles on vertical graphene nanosheets. This approach solves the instability of biological enzymes and improves the detection performance of graphene-based sensors. The uric acid sensitivity of the gold-boosted electrode was 6230 µA mM−1 cm−2, which is 6 times higher than the original graphene electrode. A 7 h GNSs/CC electrode showed an impressive detection performance for ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid, simultaneously. Moreover, it exhibited a reliable detection performance in human serum in terms of uric acid. The possible reason could be that the vertical aliened graphene nanosheet acts as a reaction active spot. This 3D graphene-nanosheet-based doping approach can be applied to a wide variety of inorganic catalytic materials to enhance their performance and improve their durability in aspects such as single-atom catalysis and integration of multiple catalytic properties.
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Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ. Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:517-529. [PMID: 36105159 PMCID: PMC9463481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized. Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals. The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described. Relevant biological matrices are outlined.
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